태안반도 갯벌 참굴( Crassostrea gigas ) 양식장 주변 퇴적물의 유기물 및 미량금속 분포

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),이인석 ( In Seok Lee ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),최희구 ( Hee Gu Choi ) 한국수산과학회 2014 한국수산과학회지 Vol.47 No.6

We measured the concentrations of various geochemical parameters [grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, As, Zn, and Hg)] in the surface sediments of two intertidal oyster Crassostrea gigas farming areas (Iwon and Mongsan tidal flats) on the Taean Peninsula, Korea, to evaluate the pollution level of organic matter and trace metals in sediment. The intertidal sediments in the study region comprise mostly sand with a mean grain size of 2.5-3.5 Ø. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS, and trace metals in the sediment of two study regions were either similar or lower in oyster farming areas relative to non-farming areas, apparently due to biological uptake or physical and biological sediment reworking. Based on the results for the pollution evaluation of organic matter and trace metals derived from sediment quality guidelines, enrichment factor, and geoaccumulation index, our results suggest that the sediment in these two intertidal oyster farming regions is not polluted by organic matter and trace metals.

제주도 사질 조간대 공극수중 영양염류의 시·공간적 변화

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),김형철 ( Hyung Chul Kim ),박지혜 ( Ji Hye Park ),이원찬 ( Won Chan Lee ) 한국수산과학회 2012 한국수산과학회지 Vol.45 No.6

To examine temporal and spatial variation in salinity and nutrients in the shallow pore water of intertidal sandflats, we measured salinity and nutrient concentrations (dissolved inorganic nitrogen [DIN], phosphorus [DIP], and silicate [DSi]) in pore water of the intertidal zone along the coastline of Jeju Island at two and/or three month intervals from May 2009 to December 2010. Geochemical parameters (grain size, ignition loss [IL], chemical oxygen demand [COD], and acid volatile sulfur [AVS]) in sediment were also investigated. The surface sediments in intertidal sandflats of Jeju Island were mainly composed of sand, slightly gravelly sand and gravelly sand, with a range of mean grain size from 0.5 to 2.5 Ø. Concentrations of IL and COD in sediment were higher along the eastern coast, as compared to the western coast, due to differences in biogenic sediment composition. Salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water were markedly different across time and space during rainy seasons, whereas concentrations were temporally and spatially more stable during dry seasons. These results suggest that salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water depend on the advective flow of fresh groundwater. We also observed an imbalance of the DIN/DIP ratio in pore water due to the influence of contaminated sources of DIN. In particular, nutrient concentrations during rainy and dry seasons were characterized by high DIN/DIP ratios (mean-127) and low DIN/DIP ratios (mean-10), respectively, relative to the Redfield ratio (16) in offshore seawater. Such an imbalance of DIN/DIP ratios in pore water can affect the coastal ecosystem and appears to cause outbreaks of benthic seaweed along the coastline of Jeju Island.

한산거제만 주변 퇴적물의 유기물과 미량금속 분포 특성

황동운 ( Dong-woon Hwang ),이인석 ( In-seok Lee ),최민규 ( Minkyu Choi ),심정희 ( Jeonghee Shim ) 한국환경분석학회 2015 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.18 No.3

The grain size, the content of ignition loss (IL), and the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg) in surface sediments around the Hansan-Geoje Bay were measured in order to understand the pollution level and potential ecological risk of organic matter and trace metals in sediments around fish and shellfish farming areas. The combined content of silt and clay in sediments was more than 90% and the sediment types were mainly mud and clay, which implies that organic matter and trace metals were easily accumulated in the sediments of the study region. There was no spatial difference for the IL content in sediments around the Handsan-Geoje Bay. However, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr and Cu were relatively higher in channels around the Hansan Island, whereas the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn were relatively higher in the Geoje Bay. The results of three assessment techniques (sediment quality guidelines [SQGs], pollution load index [PLI] and ecological risk index [ERI]) suggested that the surface sediments in the study region were not polluted with organic matter and trace metals.

함평만 조간대 해조류 분포지역의 퇴적 및 저서환경 특성

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),고병설 ( Byoung Seol Koh ) 한국수산과학회 2012 한국수산과학회지 Vol.45 No.6

To understand the characteristics of sedimentary and benthic environments in habitats of naturally-occurring intertidal benthic macroalgae, various geochemical parameters of sediment (grain size, ignition loss [IL], chemical oxygen demand [COD], and acid volatile sulfur [AVS]) and pore water (temperature, salinity, pH, and nutrients) were measured in the southern intertidal zone of Hampyeong Bay at two month intervals from April to October 2009. Ecological characteristics including the distribution and biomass of benthic macroalgae were also investigated. Benthic macroalgae were distributed below 4 to 5 m depth from mean sea level near the lower portion of the intertidal zone where air exposure time is relatively short. The distribution area and biomass of benthic macroalgae gradually decreased during the study period. The surface sediments in the benthic algal region were mainly composed of finer sediments, such as slightly gravelly mud and mud. The temperature, salinity, pH, and nutrient concentrations (except dissolved inorganic nitrogen) in pore water did not differ in regions with and without benthic macroalgae, whereas the mean grain size and the concentrations of IL, COD, and AVS in sediments were much higher in regions harboring benthic macroalgae. The correlation between mean grain size and IL in sediments displayed two distinct gradients and the slope was much steeper in regions harboring benthic macroalgae, indicating that the content of organic matter in benthic algal region is not solely dependent on mean grain size. Our results indicate that the benthic macroalgae in the southern intertidal zone of Hampyeong Bay play an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in sediment.

지화학적 평가기법을 이용한 전남 서해 도서갯벌 퇴적물내 중금속 오염도 평가

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),김성길 ( Seong Gil Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2011 한국수산과학회지 Vol.44 No.6

We measured grain size, organic matter, and metallic elements (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) in intertidal sediments collected from six islands in the western part of Jellanam Province in order to evaluate heavy metal contamination in the tidal flat sediments of coastal islands. The evaluation of metal contamination was carried out using geochemical assessment techniques such as sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). Surface sediments were classified into four sedimentary facies: sand, gravelly muddy sand, slightly gravelly mud, and silt. The concentrations of heavy metals in intertidal sediments from Jaeun, Amtae, Biguem, and Docho islands showed good positive correlations with mean grain size and ignition loss, indicating that the concentrations of metallic elements in these sediments were dependent on grain size and the organic matter content. The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments from almost all of the stations were lower than two criterion values proposed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. Based on the EF and Igeo results, surface sediments were a little polluted for Cr and were moderately polluted for As. Our results suggest that more intensive studies are necessary in the future in order to determine the major source of As in intertidal sediment and to evaluate the As pollution level in macrobenthos.

울산 태화강 하구역 퇴적물의 유기물 및 미량금속 오염도 평가

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),이인석 ( In Seok Lee ),최민규 ( Minkyu Choi ),김청숙 ( Chung Sook Kim ),김형철 ( Hyung Chul Kim ) 한국수산과학회 2015 한국수산과학회지 Vol.48 No.4

Grain size, the content of ignition loss (IL), and the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg) in surface sediments from the Taehwa River estuary, Ulsan, were measured to evaluate pollution levels and potential ecological risks of organic matter and trace metals in estuarine sediment. The mean grain size (Mz) of sediments in the study region ranged from -0.8-7.7 φ (mean 2.8 ± 2.4 φ). Surface sediments in the upstream region of the Taehwa River were mainly composed of coarse sediments compared to the downstream region. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS and trace metals in the sediment were much higher at downstream sites of Myeongchon Bridge in the vicinity of industrial complexes than at upstream sites of those in the vicinity of the residential areas due to the anthropogenic input of organic matter and trace metals by industrial activities. On the basis of several geochemical assessment techniques [sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI)], the surfaces sediments in the study region are not highly polluted for trace metals, except for As. However, the higher concentrations in downstream study regions of the Taehwa River could impact benthic organisms including shellfish (i.e. Manila clam) in sediments.

압해도 조간대 표층퇴적물의 유기물 및 금속원소 오염도 평가

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),박성은 ( Sung Eun Park ),김평중 ( Pyoung Jung Kim ),고병설 ( Byoung Seol Koh ),최희구 ( Hee Gu Choi ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2011 한국수산과학회지 Vol.44 No.6

We evaluated the pollution levels of organic matter and metallic element (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, As, and Hg) in the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island using several sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and assessment techniques for sediment pollution. Based on the textural composition of sediment, the surface sediments were classified into two main sedimentary facies: slightly gravelly mud and silt. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediments ranged from 4.6-9.9 (mean 7.4±1.1) mgO2/g·dry and from ND-0.53 (mean 0.04±0.10) mgS/g·dry, respectively. These values were considerably lower than those reported from a farming area in a semi-enclosed bay of Korea and for SQGs in Japan. The metallic element concentrations in the sediments varied widely with the mean grain size and organic matter content, implying that the concentrations of metallic elements are influenced mainly by secondary factors, such as bioturbation, the resuspension of sediment, and anthropogenic input. The overall results for the comparison with SQGs, enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicate that the surface sediments are slightly polluted by Cr and Ni, and moderately polluted by As. Our results suggest that the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island are not polluted by organic matter or metallic elements and the benthic conditions are suitable for healthy organisms.

퇴적물 오염기준을 이용한 금강 하구역 표층 퇴적물내 유기물 및 미량금속 오염 평가

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),이인석 ( In Seok Lee ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),김숙양 ( Sook Yang Kim ),최희구 ( Hee Gu Choi ) 한국수산과학회 2013 한국수산과학회지 Vol.46 No.6

We evaluated contamination with organic matter and trace metals by analyzing grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) in surface sediments at 28 stations around the Geum River estuary in July 2008. The surface sediments in the estuary were mainly composed of coarse sediment (sand and muddy sand), with mean grain size (Mz) ranging between 2-4 Ø. The high concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals were mainly found at stations in front of the Gusan outer port and industrial complex, and near the Seocheon coast with relatively fine sediments. In addition, the concentrations of IL and all trace metals, except Pb and As, showed good positive correlations with Mz, indicating that the concentrations of organic matter and trace metals were mainly dependent on sediment grain size. The concentrations of COD, AVS, and trace metals in most sediments did not exceed the sediment quality guideline (SQGs). Although the sediments in the study region are not polluted with organic matter and trace metals, there are many point sources of pollutants, such as Gusan port and industrial complex, Janghang refinery, and a thermoelectric power plant around the Geum River estuary. Thus, the management of coastal environments through periodic monitoring of organic matter and trace metals is required in the future.

목포-해남 연안 조간대 퇴적물중 유기물 및 미량금속 분포 특성

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),김평중 ( Pyoung Joong Kim ),정래홍 ( Rae Hong Jung ),윤상필 ( Sang Pil Yoon ) 한국수산과학회 2013 한국수산과학회지 Vol.46 No.4

To evaluate the organic matter and trace metal pollution in intertidal sediment of the coastal zone, various geochemical parameters (grain size, ignition loss [IL], chemical oxygen demand [COD], acid volatile sulfide [AVS], and metals [Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As]) were measured for the intertidal surface sediment of the mainland and islands between Mokpo and Haenam in the southwestern coast of Korea. The surface sediments consist mainly of finer sediments, such as mud and silt. The concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals in intertidal sediment were relatively high in the shoreline of the mainland than in that of islands and those in some stations exceeded the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). Moreover, the concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals (except As) in sediment showed relatively good positive correlations with mean grain size, indicating that the concentrations of organic matter and trace metals in intertidal sediment of the study region are dependent on grain size of sediment. Pollution evaluation for trace metals using geochemical assessment techniques, such as enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, and SQGs, suggested that the intertidal sediments in the study region show light pollution with Cr and moderate pollution with As. More extensive interdisciplinary studies are required to determine the potential causes of As pollution in intertidal sediment.

울산항 주변 표층 퇴적물내 유기물과 미량금속 분포 특성 및 오염 평가

황동운 ( Dong Woon Hwang ),이인석 ( In Seok Lee ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),최희구 ( Hee Gu Choi ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.3

We measured the concentrations of various geochemical parameters (grain size, ignition loss [IL], chemicaloxygen demand [COD], acid volatile sulfide [AVS], total organic carbon [TOC], total nitrogen [TN] and tracemetals [Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, As, Zn, and Hg]) in surface sediments in order to evaluate the pollution level of organic matter and trace metals in sediment around Ulsan Harbor. Although the mean grain sizes (Mz) were in the wide range of 1.9 to 8.7Ø, the surface sediments consist of mainly finer sediments such as sandy mud and mud. The high concentrations of IL, COD, Fe, Mn, and Cr were observed in the Ulsan outer port, while the high concentration of AVS, TOC, TN, and most of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg) were observed near the Jangsaengpo port. Based on the TOC/TN ratios, the organic matter in the sediments of the study region is likely to originate from oceanic source such as body or fragments of dead plankton. The organic matters such as IL and COD showed a good positive correlation with Mz, while the correlation between trace metals(except Fe, Cr, and Zn) and Mz no displays, indicating that trace metal concentrations in sediment are not solely dependent on the grain size of sediment. The overall evaluation results for organic matter and metalpollution using the sediment quality guidelines and geochemical assessment techniques (enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index) suggest that the surface sediments in the study regions are not polluted by organic matter and trace metals (except As).