航空貨物 保安 및 改選方案 硏究

황경철 한국항공대학교 2005 국내석사

그리스도와 연합과 칭의 : 개혁신학의 전통에 비춰본 최근 북미 개혁파 논쟁에 대한 평가

황경철 합동신학대학원대학교 2019 국내석사

제임스 스미스와 데이비드 반드루넨의 공적신학 비교 연구

황경철 합동신학대학원대학교 2022 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to compare the public theology of James K. A. Smith of Calvin University and David VanDrunen of Westminster Theological Seminary in California. I explored and presented whose public theology is more faithful to the reformed theology and tradition. I attempted to pick up three salient theme to compare these two scholars: Two kingdoms theory, natural law, and the practical aspect of public theology. In chapter two, I compared VanDrunen’s understanding of Augustine’s two cities to that of Smith. Basically, VanDrunen defines the identity of the people of the kingdom as a pilgrim toward the heavenly city based on his idea of the two kingdoms. According to VanDrunen Christians can enjoy culture, but they take a passive stance on the problem of transforming the culture. On the other hand, Smith emphasizes not only the pilgrim identity but the performance of cultural mandate in the earthly city. Because Smith insists on one kingdom of God. Both scholars rely on Augustine in their arguments. But Smith’s reading of Augustine is more faithful to Augustine’s writings. In chapter three, I compared VanDrunen’s understanding of natural law to that of Smith. Both scholars affirm the existence of natural law itself. However, different perspectives are taken on the foundation, role, and possibility of recognition of natural law. From the point of view of the two kingdoms theory, VanDrunen argues that the church is governed by God’s law and the secular state is governed by natural law. And the foundation of natural law is found in common grace. However, Smith finds the foundation of natural law on the evangelical basis of special revelation. Regarding the role of natural law, VanDrunen confines it to preserving and maintaining creation order. However, Smith understands that the role of natural law is to prepare and support the accomplishment of the covenant of grace. As for the possibility of recognizing natural law, VanDrunen argues that even non-Christians can recognize it in nature. However, Smith insists that it can only be recognized under the light of special revelation due to the noetic effect of sin. In order to evaluate the two scholars’ understanding of natural law, I examined Calvin’s understanding of natural law. In the final analysis, Smith would be judged to be more faithful to Calvin’s idea of natural law. In chapter four I compared the two theologians over the practical aspects of public theology. VanDrunen opposes neo-Calvinism or Kuyperianism and denies the cultural continuity between this world and the afterlife. He asserts that the mission of the church is to preach the gospel, not to transform the world. In response, Smith emphasizes the cultural continuity between the present and the afterlife. So, he emphasized that the people of the kingdom of God who have been saved should strive for redeeming the culture and fulfill the cultural mandate. VanDrunen rejects neo-Calvinism, fearing excessive secularism and triumphalism of neo-Calvinism. Smith also criticizes the false Kuyperianism, but his alternative is different from that of VanDrunen. By exploring Abraham Kuyper’s public theology, I showed that Smith’s position is closer to the idea of Kuyper. In conclusion, I argued that Smith discusses a public theology that is more faithful to the Reformed tradition than VanDrunen. Of course, there are several meaningful implications of VanDrunen’s argument. First, it allows the Neo-Calvinists to reflect deeply on the sad reality of becoming secular. Second, it provides a rest for Christians to live faithfully in His sovereignty, without excessive burdening of restoring the kingdom of God for themselves. Third, in the unique historical context of colony of Japanese Imperialism and the Korean War, it helps the Korean church to be neutral and objective stance without getting caught up in ideological disputes. Nevertheless, VanDrunen’s natural law theory did not sufficiently reveal the limit of human perception of natural law due to total depravity, as Calvin pointed out. Moreover, it can be said that the the two kingdoms theory is closer to the Lutheran rather than the Reformed tradition, as many reformed theologians criticized. Thus, when we place VanDrunen’s theory of natural law not under the two kingdoms theory, but under the one kingdom of God renewed by the redemption of Christ, he will be freed from the unfortunate suspicion of Lutheran. Furthermore, it will be possible to present a model that expands the practical horizon of Reformed public theology based on Smith’s public theology by encompassing Van Drunen’s meaningful insights.

주5일 수업제에 대한 초등교사의 인식

황경철 경인교육대학교 교육대학원 2005 국내석사

大氣中 粒子狀 炭素成分의 擧動에 關한 硏究

황경철 建國大學校 大學院 1999 국내박사

This study was to find out the behavior of PCC(Particulate Carbon Components) in ambient, through measuring and analyzing PCC, soluble ionic components, metallic components and B(a)P components which were sampled on the top of engineering college building, Kunkook university, located at Mojin-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul-city for 14 years from 1986 to 1999. The results through statistical analysis are as follows. From the results of experiments, it was confirmed that PCC concentration emitted from a light duty and a heavy duty diesel engine were greatly affected to the running speeds of vehicles, and EC(Elemental Carbon) concentration was 2.4 times higher than OC(Organic Carbon) concentration. The emission factors or TC(Total carbon), EC and OC from the light duty diesel engine at the average speed in Seoul, 25.4 km/hr were 20.675 mg/km, 19.557 mg/km, and 1.090 mg/km, and those from heavy duty diesel engine were 19.6 mg/km, 15.1 mg/km, and 4.5 mg/km, respectively. In Seoul, the emission amounts of TC, EC, and OC from the light duty diesel engines were 232.23 tons/year, 211.16 tons/year, and 11.77 tons/year, and those from the heavy duty diesel engines were 21.43 tons/year, 16.51 tons/year, and 4.92 tons/year, respectively. From this results, it was showed that the contribution of diesel engines to total PCC emission amounts is considerably high in Seoul. Also, in the results of calculating Cs(secondary Carbon) concentration and the ratio of Cs/OC(Secondary product rate) using OC/EC in active period(12:00~18:00) and nonactive period of photochemical reaction, it appeared that there was remarkable difference between active period and nonactive period and Cs concentration and the ratio of Cs/OC in active period which showed the peak of O_(3) concentration, the indicating component of photochemical reaction had overwhelming high values. Thus, it was confirmed that OC by photochemical reaction was produced secondarily and Cs amount produced in this process took up to 50 % of total OC amount. The measuring values of EC concentration were 33.57~166.59 ㎍/L in rainfall and 122.40~293.33 ㎍/L in snowfall, respectively. So, EC concentration in snowfall was much higher than that in rainfall, and also PDC removal rate by wet precipitation was increased from 37.4 % to 78.1 %. From this results, it was proved that PCC removal efficiency by rain out or wash out was much higher, and it was confirmed that the process of removal by the wet precipitation was main mechanism for the removal of PCC in ambient. Also, the correlations between the amount of rain and EC concentration, the amount of rain and TC removal rate, and rain intensity and TC removal rate showed high correlation coefficients(r) of -0.97, 0.86, and 0.91, respectively. It was found out that almost PCC was removed by heavy rain, large amount of rain and the beginning of 2mm rain. The particle sizes of EC and OC components in ambient air were distributed to FP(Fine Particles) region rather than to CP(Coarse Particles) region. The average concentrations of EC in the regions of FP and CP showed about 1.7 times concentration gap as 4.90 ㎍/㎥ and 2.49 ㎍/㎥, respectively, and the average concentration of OC were relatively high in FP region as 3.68 ㎍/㎥ in FP region and 2.85 ㎍/㎥ in CP region. While the sizes of EC were distributed to FP region over all four seasons, the sizes of OC were distributed to FP region from Spring to Fall, and those in winter were distributed to CP region. From this phenomena, it was conferred that EC was mainly affected by combustion emission source using fossil fuel, and OC was greatly affected not only by combustion emission source but also by the secondary particles from photochemical reaction in air. Also it was recognized that the fine PCC could be harmful to human body with company of hazardous materials, and that the decrement of visibility by fine PCC could give bad effects to air environment. In the results of SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) to particulate matter sampled at the mobile or stationary emission sources and ambient air, PCC had the various shapes of fine single-spherical structures or multi-spherical structure (staphylo- or chain-shape). PCC emitted from a light duty or a heavy duty diesel engine had a shape of spherical aggregation or a mass, and that emitted from heavy duty combustion furnace or light duty boiler using the mixture(82:18) of LNG and light oil showed the dense forms of independently spherical carbon particulate. It was observed that the particulate in PM2.5, PM10, and TSP samples in air had other forms of staphylo-structure. From this results, it was conferred that the presumption of origin could be possible through morphological observation. So, it was proved that PCC in urban air was strongly affected by the combustion originated particulate. In reviewing correlations among PCC, gaseous pollution matters, metallic compounds, soluble ionic components, and B(a)P, it was showed that B(a)P, NO, and NO_(2) were very correlated to EC and OC, and that Cl^(-), NO_(3)^(-), SO_(4)^(2-), V, and Pb were also correlated to EC in p<0.001. It was analyzed that these components were emitted from the same sources or had similar emission characteristics, and their behaviors in air were also similar. In the factor analysis to find sources, four factors were finally selected for seventeen variables. 69.8 % of total variance was explained by this selected four factors. EC and OC included in factor 2 showed relatively high correlations to Cl^(-), NO_(3)^(-), SO_(4)^(2-), NH_(4)^(+) and V which were related to the secondary production and fossil fuel. So it was conferred that these variables of EC and OC in factor 2 were related to the secondary photochemical reaction in air or combustion of fossil fuel, and explained 16.4 % of total variance.

고온초전도체 Bi1.8Pb0.2Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃Oy의 교류자화율에 관한 연구

황경철 부산대학교 1998 국내석사

항공사의 국제공항 위협 수준 평가체계 연구

황경철 한국항공대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내박사

항공교통은 다른 교통수단에 비해 고속성, 정시성, 안전성, 쾌적성, 시간가치에 의한 경제성 등의 특성이 있다. 그러나 항공교통이 많은 장점을 제공한다고 하더라도 안전운항이 담보되지 않는다면 항공산업은 존속할 수가 없다. 국제기구 및 각 국가, 그리고 항공사들도 항공기 안전성 확보를 위해 노력하고 있다. 해외공항의 항공보안 위협에 대응하기 위해 국제민간항공기구와 국제항공운송협회에서는 위협평가 절차를 제정하여 체약국 및 항공사에 적용을 권고하고 있다. 또한, 국토교통부를 비롯한 외교부와 국가정보원 등에서도 국민의 안전을 도모하기 위해 위협 고조 국가 및 공항에 대한 위협 수준 평가를 시행하고 있다. 그러나 국내기관에서 제공하고 있는 해외공항 위협정보는 시한성과 그 내용에 있어 항공사가 적용하기에 적절하지가 않다. 본 연구는 ‘국적기 취항 외국 공항에 대한 위협 수준 평가 체계’를 연구하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 우선, 국제공항의 위협요인에 대해 전문가 의견을 설문조사로 수집하고 델파이 분석을 활용하여 식별하였다. 식별된 위협요인들을 체계적으로 구조화하고 계층적 의사결정 방법(AHP)으로 상대적 중요도를 산정하였다. 도출된 위협요인은 15개 항목이며, 공항보안 위협요인에 대해 상위요인을 고려한 하위요인에 대한 종합중요도 및 우선순위는 다음과 같다. 분석 결과를 전체적으로 볼 때, ‘항공보안법규’(0.142)에 대한 중요도가 가장 높게 나타났고, ‘교육프로그램’(0.098), ‘검색 장비’(0.092), ‘국가 청렴도/부패지수’(0.081), ‘보안프로그램’(0.078), ‘검색 인력’(0.072), ‘테러 다발 분쟁지역 인접’(0.067), ‘정치 안정/치안 수준’(0.054), ‘접근통제 시스템/통신 시설’(0.053), ‘경비 인력’(0.051), ‘검색장 위치’(0.051), ‘항공사/조업사 인력’(0.046), ‘종교/민족적 갈등’(0.043), ‘영토분쟁’(0.041), ‘국민소득/GDP’(0.030) 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 산정된 AHP 종합중요도(가중치)를 국내 A 항공사에서 실시하고 있는 ‘항공사 위협분석’ 결과에 ‘AHP 연구 결과 가중치를 적용한 재평가’를 실시하였다. AHP 중요도를 A 항공사 해외공항 위협평가 사례에 적용한 결과 AHP 연구에서는 ‘항공보안법규’가 가장 중요한 요소로 나타났지만, A 항공사 평가에서는 ‘테러 다발 분쟁지역 인접’이 가장 중요한 요소로 나타났다. ‘항공보안법규’ 요소의 경우 AHP 연구 결과는 1순위지만, A 항공사 순위는 13위로 큰 차이가 확인되었다. 이는 동일한 정보를 활용한 위협분석을 시행하더라도 중요도의 비중에 따라 공항의 위협 수준 평가에 많은 차이가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 어떤 분야에 더 중점을 둘지에 대한 판단 주체의 의지와 상황에 따라 평가 결과가 달라질 수 있음을 알게 되었다. A 항공사는 공항 내적 사항보다 공항 외적 사항이 항공기 안전운항에 더 중요하다고 판단하였을 수도 있다. 위협은 많은 요인이 복합적으로 작동하여 그 실체를 구성하고 있다. 이로 인해 발생하는 불안을 극복하기 위해서는 위협의 실체와 이에 대응하는 주체의 능력을 먼저 평가해야 한다. 그러나 위협에 대한 평가는 여전히 주관성이 많이 개입될 수 있어 과대평가와 과소평가의 문제가 대두되곤 한다. 위협을 과대평가하면 위협경감을 위한 적극적인 정책을 펼쳐야 하는데, 이럴 때 한정된 자원의 불균형적인 사용이 나타날 수 있다. 또한 사소한 위협에 대한 과민반응 가능성이 높아진다. 반면 위협을 과소평가하면 소극적인 정책을 펼침으로써 자칫 복구가 불가능한 사태로 이르게 될 가능성이 커진다. 9/11 테러 이후 국제민간항공기구를 비롯한 국제기구와 각 체약국은 항공보안과 항공테러의 중요성을 자각하고 위협에 대한 많은 보강조치를 시행하였다. 그에 따라 다양한 분야에서 위협요인이 제거되고 있으나, 저개발국가 또는 정치․경제적으로 어려움을 겪고 있는 일부 국가와 공항에서는 아직도 항공보안 취약요인이 상존하는 것도 사실이다. 항공테러가 발생하면 직접적인 피해를 보는 쪽은 승객을 운송하고 항공기를 소유하고 있는 항공사가 될 것이다. 국제사회와 더불어 항공사에서도 자사 항공기를 보호하기 위한 보다 실효성 있는 위협대응 방안이 강구되어야 한다고 생각되는 이유이다.

양자 간 공적원조흐름의 결정요인에 관한 연구

황경철 성균관대학교 일반대학원 2010 국내석사

전 세계 양자 간 원조는 2000년대에 들어서 급격한 증가추세에 있다. 본 연구에서는 양자 간 원조의 흐름이 어떤 요인에 의해 설명되는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구결과 2000년대의 양자 간 원조는 외국인 직접투자를 많이 유치한 수혜국에게 더 많이 배분되는 것으로 보이며, 소득그룹 별로 볼 때 중ㆍ저소득국이 저소득국보다 원조를 많이 배분 받는 것으로 나타난다. 한국은 중ㆍ고 소득국 에게 더 많은 원조를 배분하는 것으로 보인다. Bilateral aid flows are rising rapidly since 2000. This study investigates the patterns of bilateral aid flow in 2000s. The results show that the more foreign direct investment a recipient country attracts, the more official aid it receives. Also, The lower-middle income group tends to receive more aids than the low income group. Korea provides more aid to upper-middle income group than to other income groups.

大氣-粒子狀物質中-炭素成分에 關한 硏究

황경철 (黃敬喆) 建國大學校 産業大學院 1989 국내석사