한국기업의 진입, 퇴출 및 경제적 성과에 관한 연구

이인권(Kwon Lee),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 한국경제연구원 2004 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2004-02 No.-

The process of entry and exit of firms is the essence of market competition. In the process of entry and exit, the market resources are redistributed and market performance is accordingly changed. This research is the first empirical study on entry, exit and economic performance at Korean firm level. In this study, authors explore the determinants of firm entry and exit through micro statistical analysis of industry and firm level data. It also contains the statistical inference on the interaction among firm entry, industry specific factors, firm specific factors, and economic performance, and the effect of official entry barrier on economic performance of firms. In Korea, firm entry and exit rates annually average 16.03% and 11.75%, respectively over 1988-2001. These entry and exit rates exceed the comparable figures reported for both industrial (United States, Canada, and United Kingdom) and developing countries(Colombia, Chile, and Morocco). Over the sample period, Korean firm entry rates exceed exit rates except a few of years. For the years of 1997 and 1998, the entry rate is smaller than the exit rate due to the financial crisis. The exit rates for new entrants decrease over the year. New firms face a 16% probability of failure in the first year. And then, this declines to 9% in the second year, 5% in the third and fourth year, and 4% in the fifth year. The exit rate is stabilized after the second year. The high entry and exit rates, coupled with opening of domestic market, change the domestic market structure from highly concentrated market structure to more competitive market structure. We can classify market structure in three categories, that is, tight oligopolistic industry where HHI is 1,800 or above, a partial oligopolistic industry where HHI is greater than 1,000 and less than 1,800, and rather competitive industry where HHI is less than 1,000. Over the sample period HHI continuously declines. In 1988, The rather competitive industries account only for 12.37% (24 industries). Whereas in 1999, competitive industries account for 46.02% (81 industries). In 1988, the tight oligopolistic industries account for 61.86% (120 industries), and declines even to 31.82% (56 industries). The partial oligopolistic industries over the sample period average 20-25% and are stable in numbers and rates. In the case that economic performance is measured by the ratio of operatin income to sales, incumbent firms are better than exit firms and exiting firms better than entering firms after control of a variety of factors. The fact that exiting firms outperform entrant firms implies that newly-born firms take current high risk when entering market for high return in the future. One interesting point in this study is the asymmetry in the effect of entry barrier by law on economic performance between the year of 1992 and the year of 2001. In 1992 before regulatory reform, the firms in effect of official entry regulation outperform the firms not in effect of official entry regulation. The former has enjoyed the economic rent due to entry regulation by law. Of course, there must be inefficiency because theses firms are not fully exposed to market competition. Statistical evidence shows that the rent effect dominates the inefficiency effect in 1992. However, in 2001 after significant regulatory reform, the firms under official entry regulation are outperformed by the firms not affected by official entry regulation because the rent effect is dominated by the inefficiency effect. Statistical result implies that the dismantlement of lawful entry barrier raise firms’ economic performance by 10% in the aspect of the ratio of operating income to sales.

경영컨설턴트의 셀프리더십이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향

김동원(Dongwon Kim),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 컨설턴트 셀프리더십과 혁신행동 간의 관계에서 자기효능감과 직무만족의 매개효과를 분석한 것이다. 이때 셀프리더십은 행동지향 전략, 자연보상 전략, 건설적 사고 전략으로 구성하였다. 자기효능감과 직무만족의 매개효과를 분석하기 위해 SPSS PROCESS macro의 Model 6 직렬 다중매개모형을 적용하였다. 이를 위해 컨설턴트 240명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하고, 회수된 172건으로 연구를 진행하였다. 분석 결과 행동지향 전략, 자연보상 전략, 건설적 사고 전략 모두 자기효능감, 직무만족, 혁신행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 자기효능감은 직무만족과 혁신 행동에, 직무만족은 혁신행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 셀프리더십과 혁신행동의 관계에서 자기효능감과 직무만족은 매개효과가 존재한다. 이러한 자기효능감과 직무만족의 인과관계를 고려한 매개효과는 건설적 사고 전략에서만 유효한 매개효과가 있다. 셀프리더십은 컨설턴트가 자신의 업무와 조직의 성과 향상을 위해 새로운 아이디어를 생성하고, 아이디어 실현에 필요한 힘과 역량을 끌어내 혁신을 모형화하여 혁신아이디어를 체계적으로 직무 활동에 적용하도록 하는 데 매우 유용하다. 이러한 사실은 수진기업의 문제점을 해결하고 대안을 제시하는 컨설턴트의 업무특성상 실무적으로 셀프리더십을 향상하는 것이 컨설턴트에게 무엇보다 중요하다는 시사점을 제공한다. This study analyzes the mediating effect of self-efficacy and job satisfaction in the relationship between consultant self-leadership and innovative behavior. In order to analyze the mediating effect of self-efficacy and job satisfaction, the Model 6 series multi-media model of SPSS PROCESS macro was applied. A survey was conducted on 240 consultants, and a study was conducted with 172 cases. Behavior focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought pattern strategies all had a positive effect on self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and innovative behavior. Self-efficacy has a positive effect on job satisfaction and innovative behavior, and job satisfaction has a mediating effect in the relationship between self-leadership and innovative behavior. The mediating effect considering the causal relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction is only effective in constructive thinking strategies. Self-leadership is very useful for consultants to create new ideas to improve the performance of their work and organization. This fact suggests that improving self-leadership in practice is of paramount importance to consultants due to the nature of consultants' work to solve problems of undergoing examination companies and present alternatives.

컨설턴트의 서번트 리더십이 수진기업의 컨설팅 성과에 미치는 영향 : 컨설팅 수용성의 매개효과

김영기(YeongGi Kim),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 한국자료분석학회 2020 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.22 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 컨설턴트의 서번트 리더십이 수진기업의 컨설팅 성과에 미치는 영향력과 수진기업의 컨설팅 수용성이 컨설팅 성과에 미치는 영향력, 그리고 컨설팅 수용성이 서번트 리더십과 컨설팅 성과 간 관계에서 매개역할을 하는가를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 컨설팅을 받은 실적이 있는 160개 중소기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 컨설턴트의 서번트 리더십과 수진기업의 컨설팅 수용성은 각각 수진기업의 컨설팅 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 컨설턴트의 서번트 리더십은 수진기업의 컨설팅 수용성에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 수진기업의 컨설팅 수용성은 컨설턴트의 서번트 리더십과 컨설팅 성과간의 관계에서 부분매개역할을 하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 컨설팅 실적이 있는 중소기업을 대상으로 컨설턴트의 서번트 리더십과 수진기업의 컨설팅 성과와의 관계와 컨설팅 수용성의 매개효과를 연구한 새로운 모델을 제시하였다는 이론적 시사점과 중소기업의 컨설팅 성과를 강화하기 위해서는 컨설턴트의 서번트 리더십이 중요하고, 또한 수진기업의 컨설팅 수용성의 역할이 중요하다는 실무적 시사점을 제공한다. 본 연구는 향후 중소기업 컨설팅 성과 향상과 중소기업의 컨설팅을 통한 자생력을 높일 수 있는 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있고, 컨설턴트의 효과적인 리더십 연구의 확장에도 기여할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of the consultant s servant leadership on the consulting performance of the recipient company, the influence of the consulting acceptability of the recipient company on the consulting performance, and whether the consulting acceptability serves as an intermediary in the relationship between the servant leadership and consulting performance. will be. To this end, research was conducted through a questionnaire survey of 160 SMEs that had management consulting performance. As a result, the servant leadership of the consultant and the acceptability of the consulting firm of the leading company have a positive effect on the consulting performance of the leading company. The consultant s servant leadership has a positive effect on the acceptability of consulting firms. acceptance of consulting plays a part in the relationship between consultant s servant leadership and consulting performance. These results suggest the theoretical implication that a new model was developed to study the relationship between the servant leadership of consultants and the consulting performance of recipient companies and the mediating effect of consulting acceptance for SMEs with consulting performance. It provides practical implications that the consultant s servant leadership is important, and that the role of consulting firms in accepting consulting is important. This study can be used as basic data to improve the performance of SME consulting in the future and to increase self-sufficiency through SME consulting, and can also contribute to the expansion of effective leadership research by consultants.

유통점포의 효율성 결정요인에 관한 연구 : A사 패션 소매유통점을 중심으로

이은정(Eunjung Lee),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 대한경영학회 2021 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.34 No.9

본 연구는 패션 소매유통점을 대상으로 효율성을 측정하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 분석한 것이다. 연구표본은 2017년부터 2019년까지 패션기업 A사의 가두 대리점 104개점을 대상으로 하였다. 효율성 분석을 위해 DEA 모형을 활용하였다. 투입변수는 임차료, 직원수, 입점브랜드 수로 설정하였으며, 산출변수는 매출액과 고객 수이다. 효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인은 토빗(tobit) 회귀모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 종속변수는 기술 효율성(TE), 순수기술 효율성(PTE), 규모 효율성(SE)이며, 독립변수는 입지특성, 점포특성, 점주특성으로 구분하였다. 입지특성은 인구밀도, 타겟연령 유동인구 비율, 경쟁브랜드 수, 점포특성은 면적과 전면길이 그리고 점주특성은 운영 기간과 점주 역량으로 설정하였다. 분석결과, 타겟연령 유동인구 비율, 경쟁브랜드 수, 면적, 전면길이, 점주 역량이 효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 분석되었다. 구체적으로는 타겟연령 유동인구 비율이 높을수록 경쟁브랜드의 수가 적을수록, 점포의 면적이 넓고 전면길이가 길수록 순수기술 효율성(PTE)이 높아진다. 점포면적이 넓어지면 순수기술 효율성(PTE)은 낮아지지만, 규모 효율성(SE)은 높아진다. 점주 역량이 높으면 모든 효율성이 높아진다. 본 연구는 그동안 연구되지 않았던 패션 소매유통점의 효율성을 분석하고 결정요인을 파악하였다. 이는 소매유통점 효율성 연구의 범위를 확장한다는 점에서 학문적 의미가 있다. 또한 분석결과를 바탕으로 개별 영업점 효율성 제고에 도움이 되는 실질적인 시사점을 제공하였다. Efficiency was measured for fashion retail stores and the determinants influencing it were analyzed. From 2017 to 2019, 104 street agencies of fashion company A were targeted. For efficiency analysis, the DEA model was used. Input variables were rent, the number of employees, and the number of brand stores, and the output variables were sales and the number of customers. Factors affecting the efficiency were analyzed using the tobit regression model. Dependent variables were technological efficiency (TE), pure technology efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE), and independent variables were classified into location characteristics, store characteristics, and store owner characteristics. Location characteristics were set as population density, target age floating population ratio, number of competing brands, store characteristics as area and front length, and store owner characteristics as operating period and store owner competency. AS a result of the analysis, the target age floating population ratio, the number of competing brands, area, front length, and store owner competency affect efficiency. Specifically, the higher the ratio of the target age floating population and the smaller the number of competing brands, the larger the store area and the longer the front length, the higher the pure technology efficiency (PTE). The larger the store area, the lower the pure technology efficiency (PTE), but the higher the scale efficiency (SE). All efficiencies are high when the owner’s competency is high. This study analyzed the efficiency and identified the determinants of fashion retail stores, which had not been studied so far. This has academic significance as it expands the scope of retail efficiency research. Based on the analysis results, practical implications were provided to help improve the efficiency of individual branches.

중소기업 지원 실태 분석: 출연(연)을 중심으로

김진민 ( Jinmin Kim ),홍재범 ( Jaebum Hong ) 한국중소기업학회 2018 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.21 No.1

중소기업은 제4차 산업 혁명의 글로벌 비즈니스 환경의 급속한 변화에 대응하는 전략이 필요하다. 이러한 사업 환경을 극복하기 위해 중소기업은 핵심 역량 분야에 집중해야 한다. 중소기업의 구조적 특성으로 인해 중소기업이 전체 공급사슬의 역할을 수행하는 것은 어렵기 때문에 정부의 지원은 매우 중요하다. 최근 중소기업의 사업 확대를 위한 중소기업 네트워크의 구축이 요구되고 있다. 중소기업들이 네트워크를 형성함으로써 시너지 효과를 유발 할 수 있다. 상호 협력하는 네트워크의 장점을 활용하여 중소기업의 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 중소기업 네트워크의 협력의 필요성이 높아지고 있다 정부는 네트워크의 협력을 지원하기 위해 다양한 지원 프로그램을 제시하고 있다 본 연구에서는 중소기업 지원 프로그램의 효과적인 전략을 도출하기 위해 출연(연)의 지원 프로그램의 필요성과 만족도의 차이를 분석하였다 중소기업에 대한 정부의 정책과 인식의 차이를 분석하고, 중소기업의 발전을 위한 체계적인 출연(연)의 중소기업 지원 전략을 도출하고자 한다. 중소기업을 활성화하기 위한 연구가 부족한 상황에서 중소기업의 시장 수요를 고려하여 현행 제도의 문제점을 파악하고 개선 전략을 이끌어 내고자 한다 또한 중소기업에 대한 지원 전략을 도출하고 활용할 수 있는 구체적인 방법을 고안하고자 하였다. 장기적인 관점에서 학문적이고 실질적인 연구를 장기적인 관점에서 진행되어야 하고 지속 가능한 중소기업에 대한 지원 프로그램을 개발해야한다. SMEs need a strategy to respond to rapid changes in the global business environment of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In order to overcome such a business environment, SMEs must concentrate on the core competency. Because of the structural characteristics of SMEs, government support is very important, as it is difficult for SMEs to carry out the entire supply chain role. The support of GRIs is very important for ensuring competitiveness through technological innovation of SMEs. Recently, the construction of SMEs network for business expansion is demanded. SMEs can form networks to induce synergistic effects. In order to secure the competitiveness of SMEs by utilizing the advantages of mutually cooperating networks, the necessity of cooperation of SMEs is increasing. The government has proposed various support programs to support network cooperation. In this research, in order to derive an effective strategy of the SME support program, we analyzed the difference in necessity and satisfaction of the GRIs support program. We analyze the differences between government policies and perceptions for SMEs and to derive strategies for supporting SMEs in a systematic approach for the development of SMEs. In a situation where research to revitalize SMEs is insufficient, in consideration of the market demand of SMEs, we grasp the problems of the current system and try to guide improvement strategies. Also, we suggest policies that can derive and utilize support strategies for SMEs. From a long-term perspective, research related SMEs must be conducted and a sustainable support program for SMEs must be developed.

컨설턴트의 셀프리더십 구성요소가 직무만족에 미치는 영향

김동원(Dongwon Kim),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 한국자료분석학회 2022 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.24 No.3

The purpose of this study is to test the effect of components such as behavioral-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought pattern strategies that constitute consultant self-leadership on job satisfaction. In addition, the effect of self-efficacy on job satisfaction and the mediating role between self-leadership components of self-efficacy and job satisfaction are tested. To this end, a survey was conducted on 240 consultants with more than two consulting records within the last two years. As a result, it was found that the consultant's self-leadership components and self-efficacy affected job satisfaction, and the partial mediating role of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between the consultant's self-leadership components and job satisfaction. The meaning of this study is that the research model for consultants was presented through research on the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the relationship between the consultant's self-leadership components and job satisfaction, and the fact that the consultant's self-leadership is important to strengthen consulting performance. This study provides useful information on what characteristics of consultants should be strengthened to improve consulting skills in the future, and through this, it can contribute to expansion into research to understand the characteristics of consultants' behavior such as innovative behavior and deviant behavior. 본 연구의 목적은 컨설턴트의 셀프리더십을 구성하고 있는 행동지향 전략, 자연보상 전략, 건설적 사고 전략과 같은 구성요소들이 직무만족에 미치는 영향과 자기효능감이 직무만족에 미치는 영향, 그리고 자기효능감의 셀프리더십 구성요소와 직무만족 간의 매개역할을 검정하는 것이다. 이를 위해 최근 2년 이내 2건 이상의 컨설팅 실적을 보유한 240여 명의 컨설턴트를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 컨설턴트의 셀프리더십 구성요소와 자기효능감이 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 컨설턴트의 셀프리더십 구성요소와 직무만족 간의 관계에서 자기효능감의 부분 매개역할을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 의미는 컨설턴트의 셀프리더십 구성요소와 직무만족 간의 관계와 자기효능감의 매개효과 연구를 통하여 컨설턴트에 대한 연구모델을 제시하였다는 것과 컨설팅 성과를 강화하기 위해서는 컨설턴트의 셀프리더십이 중요하다는 사실을 파악하였다는 것이다. 본 연구는 향후 컨설턴트의 컨설팅 능력 향상을 위해 컨설턴트의 어떠한 특성을 강화해야 할지에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공하고 있으며, 이를 통해 혁신행동, 일탈행동 등 컨설턴트의 행동 특성을 파악하기 위한 연구로의 확장에도 이바지할 수 있다.

외환위기 전후의 한국기업의 부채구조와 결정요인

김창배(Changbae Kim),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 한국경제연구원 2004 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2004-02 No.-

The purpose of this research is to examine empirically what kinds of changes the government's debt-ratio reduction policy, strongly promoted since the foreign exchange crisis, has made to the Korean corporate debt structure and the real factors in the decisions. This research examined how the corporate debt ratio, an important issue for the Korean economy in the wake of the foreign exchange crisis, has changed on the whole, by business group and by debt type, and how enterprises reduced their debt ratio. Furthermore, it also analyzed how debt structure decision factors as suggested in financial theory have changed since the foreign exchange crisis. The following are the key findings obtained this research: First, the government's corporate debt reduction effort achieved the stated objectives superficially. However, with a considerable contribution by asset revaluation, investment between business group firms, etc., however, substantial improvement of corporate financial structure was not obtained. Second, the hypothesis -if corporate scale is large, the debt ratio would be higher- means debts would be concentrated in the large enterprises within business groups: A statistically positive relationship appeared within the top five and top 30 business groups prior to the foreign exchange crisis. Nevertheless, the same positive correlation could not be found after the crisis. -The interpretation is that the positive (+) effect of corporate scale on debt was offset because the debt reduction policy was focused on large enterprises, in particular, among the top business groups. Third, the hypothesis -the debt ratio would be lower for higher business risks- could be supported only for the top 30 business group companies and other enterprises before the foreign exchange crisis. No statistical correlation could be found in the top five business group companies, indicating that before the foreign exchange crisis, the debt of these firms had nothing to do with business risks. Meanwhile, since the foreign exchange crisis, no statistical relationship could be found regardless of business group. Fourth, the hypothesis -the debt ratio of a corporation with many non-debt tax shields would be low as it had to be careful in utilizing debt to achieve a tax saving effect- was rejected based on the results. The interpretation is that is interpreted that more tax shields played an affirmative role in corporate value and served as advantage with respect to debt. Fifth, the hypothesis -if profitability is high, the debt ratio would be lower- was supported in the short and long-term, in domestic and overseas debt ratios and regardless of the period. Sixth, a consistent result could not be found in the relationship between growth-related variables -such as sales growth, advertisement expense concentration ratio, R&D concentration ratio, etc.- and debt ratio. Sales growth and advertisement expense concentration ratio showed a discriminant positive (+) sign in <period 1994~1996> and <period 1999~2001>, respectively. Therefore, the hypothesis that growth opportunity would have a negative (-) correlation with debt ratio was rejected. On the contrary, R&D concentration ratio showed a negative (-) sign in both <period 1994~1996> and <period 1999~2001>, appearing to support the hypothesis. Seventh, the impact of tangible fixed assets on debt ratio showed a positive (+) correlation only for the period after the foreign exchange crisis. The interpretation is that such a phenomenon was caused by the domestic financing environment that had become more conservative after the foreign exchange crisis. In an analysis by business group, however, a statistically discriminant positive (+) relationship appeared only in other enterprises in the post-foreign exchange crisis period. This implies that the significance of tangible fixed assets as security value became higher for other enterprises than those belonging to business groups.

투자와 고용성장간의 관계에 대한 실증연구

정이기(Leekey Chung),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 대한경영학회 2018 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.31 No.7

출연(연)의 중소기업지원 실태 분석

김진민(Jinmin Kim),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 대한경영학회 2017 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.30 No.12

IPA를 활용한 공공 기술거래플랫폼 서비스 분석: NTB기술은행 vs. Tech-Bridge

조규대(Gyudae Cho),홍재범(Jaebum Hong) 한국기술혁신학회 2024 기술혁신학회지 Vol.27 No.1