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洪淳鎬 梨花女子大學校 法政大學 1992 社會科學論集 Vol.12 No.-
Due to an increased public interest against Japanese occupation in Korea, the K. P. G. (Korean Provisional Government), established in the wake of the independence movement in 1919 became the center for synthetic independence movement of Korea. The independence struggle of the PGK was not only to fight armed fightings, but also was to strengthen the diplomatic relationships toward the Allied Powers by its diplomatic organizations: Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Chungking and Korean Diplomatic Commission in Washington, D. C., led by Syngman Rhee. Despite the persistent petitions of the KPG fot the recognition of their exiled Government in Chungking, Franklin Roosevelt made a secret agreement with Stalin at Yalta by committing U. S. Government to a policy contrary to the Cairo Declaration. The Cairo Declaration of Dec. 1, 1943 included the statement that the three signatory powers, China, U. S. A., and Great Briatin, "ndful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea become shall free and independent."American authority denied recognizing the KPG, for the followring reasons: the KPG and other Korean independence movement organizations neither exercised administrative authority over any part of Korean peninsular, nor could it be regarded as the representative of the Korean People at that time. However, there were a series of records supporting the persistent rumors after Yalta Agreement which implies a well designed plan for a devided occupation on the Korean peninsular after War II by the both U. S. and Soviet Union. The denial of the existence of such a secret agreement affecting the future status of Korea should be considered sufficient under ordinary circumstances. Prior to three weeks of Japanese surrender, Syngman Rhee pointed out that his doubts were not entirely dispelled in the light of the following points: 1) The authenticity of the secret agreement is vouched for by an American of unimpeachable reputation and he will reveal the source of his information. 2) The Soviet authorities have so far remained ominously silent. 3) Churchill declared that there were many topics discussed at Yalta but they could not be revealed at that time. He did not say that the Korean question was not among them. 4) Korea, the country that has fought Japan for the last forty years, offered its tremendous manpower in the service of the Allied nations and presented many programs of war efforts that would reduce the number of Allied casualties, if accepted but the United States persistently refused to grant any of our requests. This indicates there was an agreement of a similar nature, either oral or written, long before the Yalta Conference. 5) Korea was made a victim of secret diplomacy in 1905. It was revealed many years later, too late for the Koreans to protest. These two different evidences of the U. S. Policy toward Korean Peninsular implies the American dual diplomacy. The U. S. government's records support this argument. According to the records, Koreans were recruited and trained in the forces of the Allied nations to be placed in a position to play an important role after the defeat of Japan. From the U. S. dual policy toward the Korean peninsular, we would learn that every states should have only one unique policy to prevent a high historical cost, which the Korean peninsular should have paid through the division of the nation-state and the KOREAN WAR between the North and South after that.
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대기업섬유업체(大企業纖維業體)에 있어서의 산업재해감소추이(産業災害減少推移)
홍순호,Hong, Soon-Ho 대한예방의학회 1984 예방의학회지 Vol.17 No.1
산업재해의 원인을 규명하는 데에 일익이 될까하여 근로자 2,307명을 고용하고 있는 한 대기업 섬유업체를 대상으로 1981년 1월 1일부터 1982년 12월 31일까지 만 2년간에 걸쳐 발생된 재해를 분석해 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 전담안전부서를 설치한 결과 도수율은 81년도 9.70, 82년도 4.15였고 건수율은 근로자 1,000명당 81년도 27.11, 82년도 12.96이었다. 강도율은 81년도 0.33, 82년도 0.01이었고 평균손실 일수는 81년도 34.64, 82년도 3.34로서 전년에 비하여 매우 감소되었다. 산업재해 발생율은 연평균 2.3%로서 남자 2.7%, 여자 2.0%였다. 근속기간별 재해발생빈도는 근속 1년미만군이 3.6%로 가장 높았고 근속기간이 길어질수록 점차 감소하였다. 월별 산업재해건수율은 6월이 근로자 1,000명당 3.6으로서 제일 높게 나타났다. 계절별 재해건수율은 여름이 8.2로서 가장 높았다. 요일별 재해건수율은 각 요일간에 별차이를 발견할 수 없었으나 일요일이 1.8로 제일 낮았다. 산업재해 건수율을 시간별로 관찰해 보면 오전 $10{\sim}12$시가 14.7로 가장 높았으며 반별로는 오전반이 34.4로 가장 높았다. 상해부위는 손가락이 42.3%로 제일 높았고, 상지부 65.4%, 하지부 14.4%, 기타부위가 20.2%였다. 성별로 보면 남자는 상지 46.8%, 기타 53.2%로 상지와 기타부위가 비슷한 상해율을 보였으나 여자는 상지 80.7%, 기타 19.3%로서 주로 상지에 상해를 입고 있었다. 상해종류는 개방창이 46.1%로 가장 높았고 다음이 좌상 15.4%, 표재성손상 6.7% 순이었다. 성별로 보면 남자는 개방창 40.4%, 좌상 17.0%, 골절 10.6%, 화상 8.5%, 표재성손상 6.5% 순위였고 여자는 개방창 50.8%, 좌상 14.0%, 피부박리 8.8%, 표재성손상과 자상이 각각 7.0%순으로서 남여공히 개방창과 좌상이 높게 나타났다. 가해요인별 산업재해율은 기계에 의한 것이 47.1%로 제일 높았고 그 다음이 수공구 16.3%, 차량 및 운반기 9.6%, 유독 및 고열물 7.7%. 낙하물 6.7% 순이었다. 산업재해 발생원인은 환경요인이 13.5%, 인적요인 86.5%를 나타내었다. 인적요인중 심리적요인이 60.6%로 가장 많았다. 연도별로 산업재해 발생율을 보면 수공구, 차량 및 운반기, 전기 낙하물에 의한 것은 감소 경향을 나타내었으나 기계, 유독 및 고열물에 의한 것은 증가 하였고 추락과 전도는 81년도엔 발생되지 않았으나 82년도에 새로이 발생되었다. 이러한 것은 대상업체가 안전사고 재발방지에 주력한 탓으로 동질 재해 방지에는 어느정도 성공할 수 있었으나 기계안전공학에 대한 지식결여와 작업현장에 존재하는 모든 재해요인을 철저히 파악치 못했기 때문에 기계, 추락, 전도에 의한 안전사고는 예방할 수 없었을 것으로 생각된다. To assess the status of industrial injuries, a large scale textile company located around Taegu city was selected. And it was investigated from January 1981 to December 1982. After the department for workers safety was established, frequency rate of injury was 9.70 in 1981 and 4.15 in 1982, incidence rate per 1,000 workers was 27.11 in 1981 and 12.96 in 1982, and then, intensity rate was 0.33 in 1981 and 0.01 in 1982. The average duration of working loss was 36.64 days in 1981 and 3.34 in 1982. The incidence rate per 100 workers was 2.3 in annual average, 2.7 in men and 2.0 in women. The monthly incidence rate per 1,000 workers was highest as 3.6 in June; daily incidence rate, lowest as 1.8 on Sunday; and the highest as 14.7 from 10 to 12 o'clock in a day. The frequency by injured parts of body was highest as 42.3% on finger and 14.4% on the other part of hand, and the lower extremities as 14.4% followed. According to the kind of injuries, the laceration was the highest as 46.1%, the next was contusion as 15.4%, and the third was superficial injuries as 6.7%, According to the cause of injuries, the machinery accidents showed the highest as 47.1% and the accidents due to hand tool followed as 16.3%. By underlying cause of injuries, the environmental factors were 13.5% and the human factors 86.5%. The psychologic factors among human factors were the most common as 60.6%.
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綜合科學으로서의 秘書學 硏究方法論 : 理論體係 確立을 위한 問題點을 中心으로 a preliminary sketch
洪淳鎬 이화여자대학교 법정대학 비서학과 1981 비서학연구 Vol.- No.1
The purpose of this study is to exiamne the possibility of a systematic theory and methodology for developing an interisciplinary apporach to secretarial science. As a branch of the applied social sciences, secretarial science has had problems which have resulted from disagreements on the concept of "secretary". As Professor Maurice Duverger of the University of Paris has observed, there is a striking contrast between the effectivemess of the applied social sciences and the anarchic state of their theory. As in the case of all other social sciences, secretarial science suffers from a confusion on its hiatory and philosophy. This has produced two results: firstly, a mixture of the analysis of objective facts with the affirmation of normative principles; secondly, the predominance of a priori "practically". Therefore, secretarial science, as a discipline, is seen both as a science(theory) and an art(practicality). Historically , in response to practical needs, social sciences have been developing logic, methodology and standard of relevance for scientific inquiry. In order further to refine the concept of secretary, it seems useful to begin by defining the concept of administration in generic terms, as a common social process involving certain common secretarial activities. These activities, which usually include decision-making, programming, staffing wothput supervision, may be seen in most forms of business or public adminintration as well. Indeed, to some extent, the differences betweem administration and secretarial service come to rest largly in the respective environment of each. The office of the secretary may be defined as that aspect of administration occuring under the formal aegis of administrative organization at every level. While reconizing the validity of secretarial science as a subfield in the study of public and business administration, we do not believe that it involves the analysis of administration(management) in all its forms and in all human groups. We must define a "Secretarial service" differently than the way it is commonly defined. For some, secretarial service mat be characterized by its ultimate practicality. For others, it may be seen as a administrative or managerial science. However, secretarial service should be seen as neithe of these. It should be defined as something falling between public and business administration, in other wprds, as staff service within the framework of organization. The study of secretarial science should start from this point. Because secretarial science is, as mentioned above, a generalized human activity concered with ordering the men and materials required to achieve organizational goals, it has drown widly from the various social sciences. However, it is impossible to gain any adequate perspective of the field without tracing its background in the areas of public and business administration. Traditionally, the analysis of the field has reflected certain dominant contemporary trends in public and business administrative sciences which are usually recongnized as the parent discioline of the field. Each of these to be superseded as analytical tools and fashions change. An interdisciplinary apptoach represents an amalgam of all such styles: as role structural approach, behavioral approach and social philosophical approach. A new secretarial science as one of the applied social sciences should be pursued at the university level by adopting this interdisciplinary approach.
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