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한국 성인 알레르기 비염 환자의 삶의 질 평가를 위한 설문지 개발 및 유용성 평가를 위한 연구
정민규 ( Min Kyu Jung ),홍성진 ( Sung Jin Hong ),이수현 ( Soo Hyeon Lee ),홍수정 ( Soo Jung Hong ),손정우 ( Jung Woo Son ),강원석 ( Won Seok Kang ),이용원 ( Yong Won Lee ),홍천수 ( Chein Soo Hong ),이정권 ( Jung Kwon Lee ),박중원 대한천식알레르기학회 2008 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.28 No.2
Background: Quantitative measurement of allergic rhinitis (AR)-specific quality of life (QOL) impairment is important for the evaluation of its burden and efficacy of treatment. However, the QOL questionnaire for Korean AR has not yet been developed. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and validate the QOL questionnaire for Korean AR patients. Method: We surveyed 22 AR-related items in 284 persistent AR patients and, based on the survey, developed an AR-specific Korean QOL questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 15 items and adapted 5-point scale for each item. We validated the questionnaire by comparing the QOL scores from 95 patients before and after the treatments with mometasone or levocetrizine. Result: The mean QOL score was lowered by 0.73 (0.33, 1.80) (P<0.001) in 30 patients with a definite improvement and by 0.63 (?0.33, 1.73) (P<0.001) in 29 patients with a slight improvement. However, the score was not significantly lowered in 17 patients without improvement [0.20 (0.00, 0.33), P=0.24]. The questionnaire was also highly reproducible with the value of intraclass correlation coefficient and interclass standard deviation as 0.996 (P<0.001) and 0.736, respectively. Conclusion: We developed and validated a Korean allergic rhinitis QOL questionnaire, and this can be used for evaluating the efficacy of treatment modalities for AR. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;28:113-120)
천식 환자에서 전반적 자기 평가와 한국 성인 천식 환자의 삶의 질 평가 설문과의 비교 분석
정지예 ( Ji Ye Jung ),손지영 ( Ji Young Son ),홍수정 ( Soo Jung Hong ),이용원 ( Yong Won Lee ),신유섭 ( Yu Seob Sin ),박중원 ( Jung Won Park ),홍천수 ( Chein Soo Hong ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2008 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.28 No.2
Background: The Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA) is a valid and reproducible tool for evaluating and monitoring Korean adult asthmatics. However, the questionnaire is still burden to some patients, so we developed a simplified global self-assessment scoring. Objective: The goal of this study is to compare the patient``s global self-assessment scoring method with the QLQAKA and evaluate how it reflects quality of life (QOL) of asthmatics. Method: One hundred ninety-nine adult asthmatics were enrolled and asked to answer the QLQAKA composed of 17 items in 4 domains (activity, symptom, emotion and exposure to environmental stimuli) and one more global self-assessment question with a 5-point scale was added. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2006 guidelines, patients were divided into 3 groups: controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled groups. Then, we analyzed the relationships between the QLQAKA scores, global self-assessment scores and various clinical parameters. Result: The mean QLQAKA score and global self-assessment score were statistically significantly different between the 3 groups. Pulmonary function tests were also statistically significantly different between the 5 QLQAKA score subgroups as well as 5 self-assessment score subgroups. Moreover, global self-assessment scores were well correlated with QLQAKA scores. Conclusion: In a busy outpatient clinic, we may estimate the QOL of asthma patients using a simplified patient``s global self-assessment scoring method. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;28:134-142)
마동훈(Dong-hoon Ma),홍수정(Soo-jung Hong) 사단법인 언론과 사회 2008 언론과 사회 Vol.16 No.4
이 논문은 2006년 송해성 감독이 영화화한〈우리들의 행복한 시간〉텍스트가 제공하는 성적 응시의 재매개 현상에 주목한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 볼터와 그루신의 재매개와 비매개(immediacy), 하이퍼매개(hypermediacy)의 이중논리 개념과 멀비(Mulvey)와 그 이후의 페미니스트 영화이론을 이론적 준거틀로 채용하였다. 20대 여성수용자들을 대상으로 한 심층인터뷰 연구결과, 이들은 영화가 제공하는 남성적 시선을 익숙하게 받아들이고 있으며, 그와 유사한 시선을 남성배우 또는 다른 대상들에게 던지고 있었다. 따라서 투명한 비매개는 남성적인 수용 특성이라고만 볼 수 없다. 여성수용자들의 응시는 원근법에 충실한 시각적 비매개를 통해 화면을 분석하고 해부하고 있지만, 그것이 항상 성적인 욕망의 합의를 갖는 것은 아니었다. 여성 중심의 시각적 쾌락은 기존의 남성적 시선을 답습하는 면이 있으며, 한편 멀비 이후의 페미니스트 영화이론에서 주장하는 다양한 여성관객성은 영화의 여성수용자들의 응시에서도 역시 현저히 나타나고 있었다. 이와 관련하여 투명성을 구현하는 미디어에 잠재된 하이퍼매개성은 텍스트 내부에서 벗어나 여성수용자들의 관람 순간에 수용자의 응시 내부에 다양한 종류와 형태로 존재하고 있었다. 소설을 읽지 않은 수용자들은 결과적으로 소설을 읽은 수용자들이 소설을 통해 얻은 것과 비슷한 느낌과 주제의식을 영화를 통해 받았다고 진술했다. 이는 결과적으로 여성작가의 소설의 영향은 대중적 내러티브 영화로서 남성적 시선으로 재현된 영화에 여전히 살아 있었다는 것을 의미하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 남성적 시선과 여성적 시선은 근본적으로 서로 다른 것이 아니며, 투명한 비매개와 하이퍼매개의 구분 또한 이분법적으로 해석할 수 없다는 사실을 보여준다. 또한 여성 수용자들의 관점에서 남성적 시선 또는 비매개를 구현하는 텍스트조차 충분히 즐길만한 것임을 알 수 있다. 여성수용자들은 자본주의 내부에서 다양화된 욕망의 대상으로서 ‘성적인 것’ 이상을 갈망하고 있다. 그러나 이렇게 만들어진 여성의 즐거움이 자본의 게임에 의해 길들여진 즐거움인가 아니면 본질적인 여성의 즐거움인가는 여전히 의문으로 남는다. 또한 오늘날 미디어가 비매개의 구현을 지속적으로 시도하고 있지만, 여성수용자들은 여전히 자신들 나름대로의 응시의 형태를 구축, 유지하고 있다. Textual transitions as reciprocal transfers between media are nothing new in today’s media-saturated environment. Through the processes of the advent and disappearance of modem communication instruments, new media remediate old media technically and culturally. Of those numerous repurposing, this research focuses on the case of the remediation from a literary work into a film. A renowned Korea female novelist, Gong Ji-young wrote a best-selling novel Our Happy Time(2005). And a recent movie 〈Maundy Thursday〉(2006) by Song Hae-seong, is a dramatization from Gong’s original novel Our Happy Time. This research focuses on the irony that a female author’s subjectivity was represented by male gaze commonly seen in many popular narrative cinemas. The research is embodied with the concept of ‘the remediation of the gendered gaze’ that Boltar & Grusin suggested. The concept of remediation is articulated with double logic of immediacy and hypermediacy and feminist film theory of Mulvey. Along this theoretical line, the gendered characteristics of media texts and the consequential differences of representation and reception by the gender differences of authors or audiences are explored. For this research, a couple of focus group interview was held with young female film-viewers. Female audience gazes for certain objects are not much different from those of male viewers. They look through the medium in a linear perspective pursuing a transparent immediacy. However, sometimes viewers’ gazes also show a psychological vacillation between immersion in the objects of diegesis and self-consciousness or identification with the object. And audience members who had not read the novel could come in contact with the theme and motif of original novel through the remediated film. This suggests that the original character of novel as a female-oriented text was still alive in the film that sought to embody the male gaze and popular narrative. It is suggested that female subjectivity in the original novel could be remediated to the sphere of female audiences’ viewing activities. Male gaze and female spectatorship are not separable one, and the double logic of transparent immediacy and hypermediacy also cannot be interpreted as a dichotomy. A popular narrative film like〈Maundy Thursday〉with Hollywood style is generally produced for transparent immediacy, but enjoyable enough to female viewers. Female viewers tend to dream of something more than sexual desire formed within the structure of capitalist society. It is also found that no matter how technologies mobilize a transparent immediacy, hypermediacy re-emerges in a repressed way in this remediated media world. It should be finally referred that the concepts of immediacy and hypermediacy provide some utilities to expound the media transitions of the texts and their consequences in media consumption.