Analysis of Non-Universality of Golden Ratio Known as a Perfect Figurative Ratio

Hong, Sung Yeap(홍성엽),Lee, Cheol Ho(이철호) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2015 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.22 No.-

Golden ratio, defined as symbol φ (Phi) simply in the 20th century, was acknowledged as the most balanced beautiful ratio, so it has been used in architecture or pictures etc. Golden ratio is the significant figurative ratio deeply related to our actual lives but it is not explained why many people consider it cozy and stable even in today, technologically advanced. Some refutation that golden ratio is only mathematical theory but there are few cases to be applied to practice. First, it was examined that there are many cases to exaggerate a small number of coincidences with golden ratio by chance in spite of numerous ratios in the nature. Besides, there are many cases that proportions of rectangular objects such as name card, credit card or proportions such as HDTV and wide monitors etc are approximate values of golden ratio but it is hard to place under the category of golden ratio for there are big differences with golden ratio. Rather, it was confirmed that it is close to Geumgang ratio, Korean own figurative ratio. Geumgang ratio is also called harmonic proportion and has flexibility to fit well to the cultural atmosphere of modern society which respects diversity. In this point of view, it is considered the active promotion according to global age would be need on the basis of more in-depth study on Geumgang ratio, likewise examples of golden ratio in the Western world.

A Study on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Focusing on the Automotive Applications

Hong, Sung Yeap(홍성엽) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2019 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.37 No.5

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is used in the various areas included automobiles. The matrix used in fiber reinforced polymer is the resin that interacts with the various elements of FRP and is generally classified into thermosetting polymers and thermoplastic polymers. Generally, thermosetting polymers were used a lot. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer is a high-strength, high-elastic material and lightweight material, which is used as a core material to manufacture for structural materials of cars. Productivity in the mass-production automotive industry should be significantly faster than the conventional composite material molding method. Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) and additive manufacturing may be alternatives as a material and molding method, respectively. CFRTP is a low-cost fabrication material that has received much attention in recent years due to its properties of high elastic modulus, high strength, and light weight. Additive manufacturing is expected to solve the costly traditional processes in that it can produce polymeric composite materials in an inexpensive and efficient manner. The research method is as follows. Firstly, this paper is an overview of the application of CFRP to automobiles. The recent technological achievements for the CFRP were review and reorganized to focus for the possible alternatives of CFRP. Various domestic and foreign electronic journals, such as Science Direct and Springer Link, were used to collect data, and the Internet and Internet sites of automobile companies to collect various data on the current state of the automobile industry. Secondly, the purpose of this article is to review and redefine the advantages and disadvantages of CFRPs, carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting polymer using thermosetting polymer and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer using thermoplastic polymers, improvement direction of CFRP, process alternatives and others. Finally, this research proposes carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) is acceptable alternate material to carbon fiber reinforced polymer and Additive manufacturing is possible technology to solve the costly traditional processes.

A Study on the Application of Nano-material Focused on CNT and Graphene as Textile Fire Retardant

Hong, Sung Yeap(홍성엽) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2017 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.31 No.-

One of the main reason of the disastrous fire is polymer which is used in livelihood. Because polymers are organic materials combined carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, polymers are vulnerable to heat. To decrease the disastrous polymers are necessary flame retardant which are additives not to burn by improving the inflammability of a polymer. The research method is as follows. Firstly, introduction of the fire retardant which are used in textile is variously used as not only household clothing but also all sorts of livelihood items. Development of fire retardant facilitates not only reinforcing fire retarding but also producing fabric with various functions such as sterilization, deodorization, and water repellent, so makes the use in the present restricted fields spread to new uses. Production of this multifunctional fabric facilitates combining existing fabric field with the field of engineering related to disaster prevention. Secondly, presentation of Kinds of fire retardants which are divided into addition fire retardant and responsive fire retardant. Addition fire retardant is a method mixing it simply by putting it as additive during compounding process, and responsive fire retardant gives fire retarding by producing a fire retarding polymer by introducing a monomer giving fire retarding to main chain of a polymer, or by combining fire retarding substance chemically in the end or side chain of a polymer by introducing reactive groups into a polymer. Thirdly, the introduction of nanocomposite fire retardants such as CNT or graphene fire retardants emerging from a limit of existing fire retardants reduces true character of fabric. Carbon nanotube CNT) is an allotrope of carbon with cylindroid nanostructure. Graphene is also one of carbon allotropes and has a structure that carbon atoms gather become 2D plane. Finally, CNT and graphene are overviewed as the promising materials for the flame retardant. The various results of CNT and graphene as nanofiller to retard the fire are mentioned. By the understanding of the retardation properties of those material, textile industry in the areas of clothing and household items will be more easily convergence with the nanotechnology.

웨어러블 디바이스 차세대사용자 의식조사 연구

홍성엽 ( Sung Yeap Hong ),정형기 ( Hyong Gi Jung ) 한국상품문화디자인학회 2015 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.43 No.-

In the 2000s, wearable devices had been produced for the purpose of medical service and entertainment. With the growth of mobile devices that improved interaction with human beings, wearable devices that cost high although showing their potential have been developed and made for special industries such as military and logistics control, and thus have faced a great deal of difficulty with market creation. In 2015, wearable devices have tended to expand into general markets, including health care, sports, and games. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct empirical survey on the next-generation users`` awareness of wearable devices that emerged at the time when smart devices have changed their direction from something to carry to something to wear, and thereby to perform empirical preliminary research on the leading development direction and system establishment of the futuristic wearable device market. The study scope and methods are presented as follows: First, to analyze and outlook the domestic and foreign research trends and expected effects of wearable devices, previous studies are investigated and theoretical study is conducted. Secondly, the survey on the awareness of the future main users of wearable devices, or the next-generation user group, is conducted to look into their attitudes. Thirdly, the results from the survey on previous studies, theoretical study, and attitude research are used as theempirical material necessary for the leading development direction and system establishment of the futuristic wearable device market. The study subjects of this study were 81 college and university students in their 20s living in the metropolitan areas, who are the next-generation main users of wearable devices. They had person-to-person in-depth interviews. The questionnaire items were brand, interest, understanding of information, the extent of interest desire, the extent of purchase desire, purchase purpose, purchase factor, purchase region, non-purchase factor, and complementary factor for purchase. This study drew the following results and conclusions: Regarding the questions about interest in wearable devices, the extent of interest desire, the extent of purchase desire, purchase purpose, purchase factor, purchase region, non-purchase factor, and complementary factor for purchase, the positive replies were statistically significant regardless of sex, and there was high reliability of each question. The correlation between questions was not independent and thus it was proved that they had correlation. Typical global brands were found to be Apple Watch, Samsung Gear, and Google Glass in order. The most important non-purchase factors that the next generation group as main users had were price, function, and design. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem.

A Study of Ferrofluid as a Convergent Material with Arts and Music

Hong, Sung Yeap(홍성엽) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2018 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.36 No.-

Nano science and nanotechnology has convergence with sports, music, and arts beyond convergence with other scientific technologies, and comes to develop into a totally new area. Ferrofluids feature the creation of the magnetic field induced shape on the ferrofluid surface, combination of drops, and magnetic microconvection. Because of its small particles size, a ferrofluid has been developed as a promising new nanomaterial the beginning. Ferrofluids are more applied to diverse areas, such as dynamic loudspeakers, computer hardware, dynamic sealing, and bioengineering because of their unique properties. The research method is as follows. Firstly, introduction of the background and scope of the study. The basic theories for ferrofluid science and examples of convergent work with ferrofluids are known and published. Secondly, the classification of magnetic fields are introduced. There are generally two type of magnetic fields which are magnetorheological fluids and ferrofluids. A ferrofluid is a colloidal suspension of magnetic particles with a very tiny size in a liquid carrier. A ferrofluid is different from MRF with regard to its fluidity even if subjected to strong magnetic fields. Thirdly, A key to the application of ferrofluids is colloidal stability. The stability is determined by the balance of multiple types of energy (attractive and repulsive forces) which are the factors to prevent separation for a given time after the disappearance of exterior magnetic fields and thermal energy. If average thermal energy exceeds a total of interaction, negligible agglutination arises. There are two types of ferrofluid which are water-based ionic fluid and organic media based ferrofluid. To use ferrofluid to convergent with arts or other areas, important factors are low viscosity, low vapor pressure and chemical inertness of carrier liquids and surfactants. Finally, There are many areas which convergent with ferrofluid to invent totally new work and to sell fantastical products which never meet before. Those areas are arts, music, sculpture, and commercial products. According to the development the nanotechnology, the convergence of ferrofluid with arts or other areas will be accelerate and develop further and intensively.

자연의 나선구조에 기반한 에너지 효율적 디자인

홍성엽 ( Sung Yeap Hong ),이철호 ( Cheol Ho Lee ) 서울과학기술대학교 과학문화전시디자인연구소 2014 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.17 No.-

The nature always uses the least energy and the least materials for the job, although human beings are wasting a large part of the energy through poorly managed drag or friction. Nature and humans use dramatically opposed strategies for energy consumption. The helical structures have been found everywhere in nature. From the movement of the smallest particle like an atom to the largest structures in the universe such as a galaxy. The path of least resistance is not a straight line. PAX Scientific, through understanding of natural fluid flow for a long time, developed industrial equipment such as PAX fan and impeller that are highly efficient and innovative. Biomolecules such as DNA, a blueprint of life, and protein, are stabilized thermodynamically and are able to be efficient metabolically through helical structure. Architectures based on the helical structure are environmentally friendly. Representatives of the architecturesare the helix bridge at Singapore’s Marina bay, interior staircase of London City Hall, and the Agora Garden in Taipei. A sustainable design based on natural principle is thought to be a new driving power for the eternity of human being. By doing so, we can halve the world`s energy consumption and environmental pollution with least sacrifice. To make this possible, a broad range of fields including material research, product design & innovation, inventions, systems design, architecture, communication and mechanics would be interdisplinarily combined.

완벽한 조형비로 알려진 황금비의 비보편성 분석

홍성엽 ( Sung Yeap Hong ),이철호 ( Cheol Ho Lee ) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2015 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.22 No.-

Golden ratio, defined as symbol φ (Phi) simply in the 20th century, was acknowledged as the most balanced beautiful ratio, so it has been used in architecture or pictures etc. Golden ratio is the significant figurative ratio deeply related to our actual lives but it is not explained why many people consider it cozy and stable even in today, technologically advanced. Some refutation that golden ratio is only mathematical theory but there are few cases to be applied to practice. First, it was examined that there are many cases to exaggerate a small number of coincidences with golden ratio by chance in spite of numerous ratios in the nature. Besides, there are many cases that proportions of rectangular objects such as name card, credit card or proportions such as HDTV and wide monitors etc are approximate values of golden ratio but it is hard to place under the category of golden ratio for there are big differences with golden ratio. Rather, it was confirmed that it is close to Geumgang ratio, Korean own figurative ratio. Geumgang ratio is also called harmonic proportion and has flexibility to fit well to the cultural atmosphere of modern society which respects diversity. In this point of view, it is considered the active promotion according to global age would be need on the basis of more in-depth study on Geumgang ratio, likewise examples of golden ratio in the Western world.

고점도 재료를 위한 직접분사의 공정연구

장경덕,조영균,홍성엽,김남수,정태의,Jang, Kyung-Deok,Jo, Young-Kyun,Hong, Sung-Yeap,Kim, Nam-Soo,Jeong, Tae-Eui 대한용접접합학회 2011 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.29 No.1

중세 스테인드그라스의 색과 나노입자의 화학적 조성과의 관계에 대한 연구

이철호 ( Cheol Ho Lee ),홍성엽 ( Sung Yeap Hong ) 서울과학기술대학교 과학문화전시디자인연구소 2014 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.18 No.-

Stained glass windows are an important element in both religious and civil architecture. Stained glass windows are fascinating art crafts because they are multifunctional, e.g., mainly acting as filters for light and as iconographic supports. The art of stained flourished in the time period of 1100 and 1500, when magnificent windows were created for great cathedrals. The stained glass windows were the major pictorial art form in northern France, Germany and England during the flourishing period. It is known that there are the relationship between color and colorants. The colors in the stained glass are attributed to different chemical compounds that were added to the molten glass during processing. The addition of metallic oxides called pot-metal glass changed the color of the windows-gold for red, copper for green, cobalt for blue and soon. Most of the properties of traditional ceramics originated from the fact that their raw materials (natural clays) are nanosized. The practical metal nanoparticles used for the pottery and glass are copper, silver and gold dispersed in an optically clear matrix. Incorporation of metallic silver at the glass surface has remained the usual method to obtain yellow stained glass windows. The electron cloud at the surface of a nanoparticle resonates with different wavelengths of light depending upon their frequency at the nanoscale. Depending on the size of the nanoparticle, the electron cloud resonates with a particular wavelength of light and absorb that wavelength. A nanoparticle of about 90 nm in size will absorb colors on the red and yellow end of the color spectrum to achieve the nanoparticle appear blue-green.

직물에 사용되는 3D 프린팅 재료 특성 분석

이철호 ( Lee Cheol Ho ),홍성엽 ( Hong Sung Yeap ) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2016 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.24 No.-

3D printing is technology making 3D object through the process adding class materials continuously. It is expected that 3D printing technology will cause manufacturing revolution by producing a product personally according to development of internet and software technology. 3D printing technology can be applied to the whole industries such as architecture, airline industry, medical industry producing dentistry prostheses, consumer-electronics industry producing all sorts of electronic components, and even food industry using the ingredient of food. Materials of 3D printing are classified into thermoplastic, powder, resin, metal, and ceramic. Thermoplastic materials cannot put pressure fully in 3D printing process, so are bounded to get elaborate printed matters, and need various properties of different kinds of matter by problems such as particle size and distribution, particle shape, molecular weight, melting point, re-crystallization temperature, viscosity on dissolution, reactivity of laser, volatility, and containing surviving monomer and volatile matter. The 3D printing materials such as BendLay, soft PLA, and TPU are used most in 3D printing of clothes. TPU has flexibility generally, and has the strong corrosion resistance, so is thermoplastic plastics as rubber that is industrially used. This can be very flexible matter according to degree of mixing with other matters. Soft PLA is as rubber because of tightening with excellent roundness. BendLay-3D Filament is a brand name of 3D printing material of modified ABS made by Orbi-Tech. In this article, the positive situation of 3D printing of clothing industry and the 3D printing materials for textiles will be discussed. Clothing industry has tried to make existing comfortable clothing or to print soft clothing with 3D printing technology, but is at an early stage yet. Until now, clothes made by 3D printing have much inconvenience to wear in reality, but many designers and 3D machine manufactures are attracting the public’s attention about a possibility of production of 3D printed textiles. There are several needs for clothing industry using 3D printing to grow. The first need is about material. Various materials that are generally used in 3D printing at present such as general high-molecular substance, metal, and cotton are used in production of clothes. Till now, it is insufficient for these materials to be flexible, warm, and breathable as existing fabrics. Second, it should be favoring-consumer technology. It should be easy for consumers to design, change into 3D file, and do 3D printing. Third, it should be eco-friendly. The whole process from printing to materials should be eco-friendly or possible to recycle, and biodegradable substance should be used.