수식선형의 상부구조물 변화에 따른 고유진동수에 관한 연구

홍봉기 부산수산대학교 1980 부산수산대학교 연구보고(자연과학편) Vol.20 No.1

MicroRNA-143 and -145 modulate the phenotype of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis

홍봉기,유성용,유승아,박도현,황대희,조철수,김완욱 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) constitute a major cell subset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovia. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in activation and proliferation of RA-FLSs. However, the functional association of various miRNAs with their targets that are characteristic of the RA-FLS phenotype has not been globally elucidated. In this study, we performed microarray analyses of miRNAs and mRNAs in RA-FLSs and osteoarthritis FLSs (OA-FLSs), simultaneously, to validate how dysregulated miRNAs may be associated with the RA-FLS phenotype. Global miRNA profiling revealed that miR-143 and miR-145 were differentially upregulated in RA-FLSs compared to OA-FLSs. miR-143 and miR-145 were highly expressed in independent RA-FLSs. The miRNA-target prediction and network model of the predicted targets identified insulinlike growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) as potential target genes downregulated by miR-143 and miR-145, respectively. IGFBP5 level was inversely correlated with miR-143 expression, and its deficiency rendered RA-FLSs more sensitive to TNFα stimulation, promoting IL-6 production and NF-κB activity. Moreover, SEMA3A was a direct target of miR-145, as determined by a luciferase reporter assay, antagonizing VEGF165-induced increases in the survival, migration and invasion of RA-FLSs. Taken together, our data suggest that enhanced expression of miR-143 and miR-145 renders RA-FLSs susceptible to TNFα and VEGF165 stimuli by downregulating IGFBP5 and SEMA3A, respectively, and that these miRNAs could be therapeutic targets.

디지탈 실험장치를 이용한 판의 모우드 해석

홍봉기 부산수산대학교 산업기술연구소 1993 産業技術硏究所 硏究報告 Vol.4 No.1

통일 한국의 적정 군사력에 관한 연구 : 분쟁 시나리오와 상대적 균형전략을 중심으로

홍봉기 대전대학교 군사연구원 2016 군사학연구 Vol.13 No.-

To prepare for the complicated international relationship regarding Korean Peninsula after reunification, this thesis started off with the awareness that Unified Korea should build its international posture and national security at an early stage by determining its appropriate military strength for independent defense and military strategies that Unified Korea should aim. The main theme of this thesis is ‘The research on appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military’. To derive appropriate military strength of Unified Korea, this research focuses on conflict scenario and relative balance strategy based on potential threats posed by neighboring countries, and this is the part that differentiates this research from other researches. First of all, the main objective of the research is to decide appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to secure defense sufficiency. For this, this research will decide efficient military strategy that Unified Korea should aim. Than by presuming the most possible military conflict scenario, this research will judge the most appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to overcome the dispute. Second, after deciding appropriate military strength, this research will suggest how to operate presumed military strength in each armed force. The result of this thesis is as in the following. First, Unified Korea should aim ‘relative balance strategy’. ‘Relative balance strategy’ is a military strategy which Unified Korea can independently secure defense sufficiency by maintaining relative balance when conflicts occur between neighboring countries. This strategy deters conflicts in advance by relative balance of power in certain time and place. Even if conflict occurs inevitably, this strategy secures initiative. Second, when analyzing neighboring countries interest and strategic environment after unification, the possibility of all-out war will be low in the Korean Peninsula because no other nation wants the Korean Peninsula to be subordinated to one single country. Therefore appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military would be enough when Unified Korea can achieve relative balance in regional war or limited war. Third, Northeast Asia is a region where economic power and military strength is concentrated. Despite increasing mutual cooperation in the region, conflicts and competition to expand each countries influence is inherent. Japan is constantly enhancing their military strength as they aim for normal statehood. China is modernizing their military strength as they aspire to become global central nation. Russia is also enhancing their military strength in order to hold on to their past glory of Soviet Union as a world power. As a result, both in quality and quantity, the gap between military strength of Unified Korea and each neighboring countries is enlarged at an alarming rate. Especially in the field of air-sea power, arms race is occurring between each nation. Therefore Unified Korea should be equipped with appropriate military strength in order to achieve relative balance with each threats posed by neighboring countries. Fourth, the most possible conflicts between Unified Korea and neighboring countries could be summarized into four, which are Dokdo territorial dispute with Japan, Leodo jurisdictional dispute with China, territorial dispute concerning northern part of the Korea Peninsula with China and disputes regarding marine resources and sea routes with Russia. Based on those conflict scenarios, appropriate military strength for Unified Korea is as in the following. When conflict occurs with Japan regarding Dokdo, Japan is expected to put JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3, one out of four of its Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Escort Fleet, which is based in Maizuru and JMSDF Maizuru District. To counterbalance this military strength, Unified Korea needs one task fleet, comprised with three task flotilla. In case of jurisdictional conflict with China concerning Leodo, China is expected to dispatch its North Sea fleet, one out of three of its naval fleet, which is in charge of the Yellow Sea. To response to this military action, Unified Korea needs one task fleet, comprised with three task flotilla. In case of territorial dispute concerning northern part of the Korean Peninsula with China, it is estimated that out of seven Military Region troops, China will dispatch two Military Region troops, including three Army Groups from Shenyang Military Region, where it faces boarder with the Korean Peninsula. To handle with this military strength, Unified Korea needs six corps size ground force strength, including three corps of ground forces, two operational reserve corps(maneuver corps), and one strategic reserve corps(maneuver corps). When conflict occurs with Russia regarding marine resources and sea routes, Russia is expected to send a warfare group of a size that includes two destroyers, which is part of the Pacific Fleet. In order to balance this strength, Unified Korea naval power requires one warfare group including two destroyers. Fifth, management direction for the Unified Korean military is as in the following. Regarding the ground force management, it would be most efficient to deploy troops in the border area with china for regional and counter-amphibious defense. For the defense except the border line with china, the most efficient form of force management would be maintaining strategic reserve corps. The naval force should achieve relative balance with neighboring countries when there is maritime dispute and build ‘task fleet’ which can independently handle long-range maritime mission. Of the three ‘task fleet’, one task fleet should be deployed at Jeju base to prepare for Dokdo territorial dispute and Leodo jurisdictional dispute. Also in case of regional conflict with china, one task fleet should be positioned at Yellow Sea and for regional conflict with Japan and Russia, one task fleet should be deployed at East Sea. Realistically, Unified Korea cannot possess an air force equal to neither Japan nor China in quantity. Therefore, although Unified Korea's air force might be inferior in quantity, they should possess the systematic level which Japan or China has. For this Unified Korea should build air base in island areas like Jeju Island or Ullenong Island to increase combat radius. Also to block off infiltration of enemy attack plane, air force needs to build and manage air bases near coastal areas. For landing operation forces, Marine Corps should be managed in the size of two divisions. For island defense force, which is in charge of Jeju Island, Ulleung Island, Dokdo Island and five northwestern boarder island defenses, it should be in the size of one brigade. Also for standing international peace keeping operation, it requires one brigade. Therefore Marine Corps should be organized into three divisions. The result of the research yields a few policy implications when building appropriate military strength for Unified Korea. First, Unified Korea requires lower number of ground troops compared to that of current ROK(Republic of Korea) force. Second, air-sea forces should be drastically reinforced. Third, appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military should be based on current ROK military system. Forth, building appropriate military strength for Unified Korea should start from today, not after reunification. Because of this, South Korea should build a military power that can simultaneously prepare for current North Korea’s provocations and future threats from neighboring countries after reunification. The core of this research is to decide appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to realize relative balance that will ensure defense sufficiency from neighboring countries threats. In other words, this research should precisely be aware of threats posed by neighboring countries and decide minimum level of military strength that could realize relative balance in conflict situation. Moreover this research will show the path for building appropriate military strength in each armed force.

이동식 가두리 개발에 관한 연구

홍봉기 부산수산대학교 산업기술연구소 1995 産業技術硏究所 硏究報告 Vol.6 No.2

러시아의 극동지역 군사전략이 한국 안보에 주는 시사점

홍봉기 대전대학교 군사연구원 2006 군사학연구 Vol.12 No.-

Russian Far East is located along the shores of the Pacific. Historically, it has served its role as an outpost to advance eastward and a frontier to achieve maritime power for Russians since Imperial Russia. At the same time, this region plays a pivotal role in economic and foreign policies of Russian Federation. In response to the United States "Pivot to Asia", the rise of China, and territorial disputes with Japan, Russian president, Vladmir Putin, has invested on the development of the Far-Eastern territory and has reinforced Russian military in the region in order to strengthen Russian status and wrest away the initiative from other nations in North-East Asia. The present state of Korean-Russian relations remains relatively silent. However, one cannot neglect the possible aggravation of the relationship due to the changes in regional circumstances. Unfortunately, South Korea is being somewhat indiscreet in its diplomatic relationship with Russia. For example, the recent rise of China focused Korea's diplomatic effort farther away from Russia. Moreover, South Korea's emphasis solely on economic cooperation with Russia prompted its incautious approach toward Russia in diplomatic arena as shown in South Korea's anti-Russian positioning during the Crimean Crisis. Therefore, in order to maintain "strategic partnership" with Russia, it is necessary for South Korea to consolidate its cooperation not only in the economic filed, but also in political and military arena. A close study on "Russia's National Security Strategy to 2020" and "Military Doctrine", which suggest fundamental principles of Russian security and military policy, can bring light on Russia's national defense policies, military strategy, and construction of military power in the Russian Far East. Through this study, one can infer important consequences Russia's move in Far-Eastern region would bring on Korea's national security and thus provide meaningful responses for South Korea.

북한의 핵 위협에 대응하기 위한 전략에 대한 고찰 : 한반도 주변국들의 함수관계를 중심으로

홍봉기 대전대학교 군사연구원 2017 군사학연구 Vol.14 No.-

This thesis has its purpose to suggest our response tactic as ension among the Korean Peninsula and in East Asia is escalating due to recent nuclear test and missile launch in Pyeong-Yang. In order to resolve North Korea nuclear threats, the international community including major nations within the region have clearly voiced their opposition. Nonetheless, countries exhibit different levels of participation and involvement regarding UN security council resolutions that impose sanctions on North Korea. This stems from different viewpoints and different reciprocal interest of neighboring countries on the Korean Peninsula. Considering the factors such as strategic importance of the Korean Peninsula, the interests of neighboring countries, views on reunification of the Korean Peninsula and alliance in north east asia, we must admit the complex dynamics involved in this situation. Thus, six countries in east asia, which is, South Korea, North Korea, United States, China, Japan, and Russia are all individual variables on this matter. None of them can be treated as a constant, especially South and North Korea, are in the position which can be easily influenced by other variables. In this situation, the optimal plan for the ROK to both maintain prime leadership and solve various interest relations of neighboring countries is to augment nuclear deterrence by trengthening ROK-US alliance and finding strategy to cope with North Korea nuclear threat by international cooperation and six-party meeting. In conclusion, in order to counter North Korean nuclear threats, South Korea should not attempt to negotiate and impose sanction at the same time; it should rather implement tougher sanction and force the North to return to the negotiation table. South Korea should not approach this issue with vague hope and idea. Instead, ROK should unravel this complicated problem in a meticulous and careful manner.

Effects of Double Doping Germanium and Indium on the Thermoelectric Properties of Permingeatite

홍봉기,김일호 대한금속·재료학회 2023 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.61 No.7

Cu3Sb1–x–yGexInySe4 (0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.12; 0.04 ≤ y ≤ 0.08) permingeatite compounds doped with Ge andIn were prepared using solid-state synthesis. The phases and microstructures were analyzed, and the chargetransport and thermoelectric properties were evaluated according to the Ge and In doping content. Most ofthe samples contained a single phase of permingeatite with a tetragonal structure; however, secondary phases(Cu0.875InSe2, In2Se3, and InSb) were detected in the samples with x = 0.12 and y = 0.08. Both the a-axis andc-axis lattice constants of permingeatite were increased by Ge and In doping, with a = 0.5651–0.5655 nm andc = 1.1249–1.1255 nm, but the change in lattice constant due to the change in doping amount wasinsignificant. The melting point of the sample double-doped with Ge and In was determined to be 736 K, whichwas lower than the melting point (741 K) of pure Cu3SbSe4. This lowering of the melting point was attributedto the formation of a solid solution. The electrical conductivity exhibited degenerate semiconductor behavior,decreasing with increasing temperature. As the Ge and In doping content increased, the carrier concentrationand electrical conductivity increased; however, when x ≥ 0.12, the electrical conductivity did not increasefurther. The Seebeck coefficient exhibited positive values and p-type conduction characteristics. In addition,intrinsic transitions did not occur in the measurement temperature range, and the Seebeck coefficientincreased as the doping level increased. The power factor exhibited a positive temperature dependence, andCu3Sb0.86Ge0.08In0.06Se4 exhibited the highest value of 0.89 mWm–1K–2 at 623 K. As the temperature increased,the thermal conductivity tended to decrease because of the decreased lattice thermal conductivity and slightlyincreased electronic thermal conductivity. All the samples exhibited minimum thermal conductivities of 0.94–1.11 Wm–1K–1 at 523 K. At high temperatures, the double doping of Ge and In improved the thermoelectricperformance; thus, the dimensionless figure of merit obtained at 623 K for Cu3Sb0.86Ge0.08In0.06Se4, was 0.47.

디지탈 실험장치를 이용한 판의 모우드 해석

홍봉기 부경대학교 수산과학연구소 1994 硏究業績集 Vol.18 No.-

Slamming 에 관한 선체응답

홍봉기 한국수산과학회 1984 한국수산과학회지 Vol.17 No.6

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