현사시 Clone 간 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 분석

홍경낙,현정오,장석소 한국산림과학회 1990 한국임학회 정기학술발표논문집 Vol.1990 No.-

오대산(五臺山) 전나무림(林)의 숲틈에서 발생(發生)된 전나무 치수(稚樹)들의 공간적(空間的) 유전구조(遺傳構造)

홍경낙,최영철,강범용,홍용표,Hong, Kyung-Nak,Choi, Young Cheol,Kang, Bum-Yong,Hong, Yong-Pyo 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.4

본 연구는 오대산의 전나무 노령임분(老齡林分)내 숲틈에서 발생된 1~2년생 전나무 치수(416개체)의 공간적 유전구조를 파악하기 위하여 ISSR(inter-simple sequence repeats) 표지자 분석을 실시하였다. 대상 숲틈의 크기는 $1,500m^2(50m{\times}30m)$로 전나무이외 수종의 상층임관 일부와 중 하층임관이 제거되고, 전나무 성목은 입목고사(立木枯死) 혹은 수세가 불량한 상태이다. 31개의 다형성 ISSR 표지자를 이용한 공간의 자기상관성분석에서는 15.6m이내에 유전적 동질성을 갖으며, 이후 31.2m까지는 임의분포를 나타내었다. 숲틈내 전나무 성목의 평균수고(21.1m), 종자의 산포범위, 성목간 평균거리(23.7m)를 고려할 때, 전나무 치수의 유전적 군락 크기(genetic patch size)는 모수의 분포밀도에 따라서 제한받는 것으로 추정된다. 치수 산포에 대한 방향성 파악을 위하여 유전적 거리를 이용한 다차원척도법의 형상좌표를 '유전적 형상(genetic configuration)'으로 설정하고, 이를 이용한 분산도분석을 실시하였다. 지향성 분산도에서는 동서방향으로 거리의 증가에 따라 치수간 유전적 동질성이 계속 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 오대산 전나무림의 막대한 종자생산량과 조사구내 치수 발생수의 임의분포와 임상(林床)의 균일성을 고려하면, 이러한 전나무 치수의 유전적 방향은 모수간 충실율 차이나 국소환경보다는 종자 산포의 방향성에 따른 것으로 생각된다. The spatial genetic structure of Needle fir(Abies holophylla Max.) seedlings on forest gap within a Needle fir forest at Mt. Odae in Korea was analyzed on the basis of ISSR(inter-simple sequence repeats) marker analysis. The gap size was $1,500m^2(50m{\times}30m)$, and we sampled 416 one- or two-year-old seedlings by 2m intervals. Some trees at the upper crown layer except Needle firs and all trees at the middle and lower crown layers were removed, and Needle firs at the upper crown layer showed very weak growth strength or to be withering to death. The results of spatial autocorrelation using 31 polymorphic ISSR markers revealed that it was genetically homogeneous within spatial distance of 15.6m and the randomness of genetic distribution was from 15.6m to 31.2m. The genetic patch size of seedlings in forest gap might be restricted by the density of mother trees, making allow for the average height of adult Needle firs, the seed dispersal area, and the average distance between adults. For the directionality of seedling distribution, we investigated the variography using 'genetic configuration' which was the value of configuration in Multidimensional Scaling by genetic distance. In directional variogram, the increment of spatial distance from East to West direction was inversely proportional to genetic homogeneity. We presumed that this anisotrophy of seedling distribution at this forest gap resulted from the directionality of seed dispersal rather than the difference of fecundity between mother trees or the microhabitat variation, taking the evenness of forest floor condition, a vast seed production and the random distribution of seedlings at the studied site into consideration.

Fine-scale spatial genetic and clonal structure of Eleutherococcus senticosus populations in South Korea

홍경낙,이제완 한국산림과학회 2015 Forest Science And Technology Vol.11 No.3

For the conservation of clonal plant species, better understanding is required of the clonal recruitment process and the spatial distribution pattern of ramets and genets, especially when selecting individuals for ex situ conservation. Because of deforestation and illegal harvesting in natural populations of eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus), a constant conservation effort is needed. We investigated the clonality and spatial genetic structure of two populations located in Hongcheon and Inje using 30 polymorphic markers generated by RAPD or ISSR PCR. The averages of the clonal diversity and genotypic evenness using the multilocus genotypes were 0.961 and 0.880, respectively. These were a little higher than those that have been estimated for other clonal plant species. By spatial autocorrelation analysis, the ramets in Hongcheon were randomly distributed and genetically homogeneous within a meter, while those in Inje showed slight regularity in their distribution and non-genetic patchiness. The average clone size was larger in Hongcheon, but the clonal diversity was opposite. The differences of clonality and spatial structure in both populations might be caused by the distribution of rocks in the forest floor acting as a physical barrier against rooting. There was a mild soil with small pebbles in Hongcheon, whereas the forest floor habitat in Inje was rocky. The clonality and the spatial genetic structure could be easily estimated with information on “putative” clones, verified from molecular work. The clonal recruitment process and sampling strategy for the ex situ conservation of eleuthero are also discussed.

가침박달 집단의 유전다양성 및 유전구조 분석

홍경낙,이제완,강진택 韓國林學會 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.1

우리나라에 분포하는 가침박달 9개 집단의 유전다양성과 유전구조를 ISSR 표지자를 이용하여 분석하였다. 선발된 6개 ISSR primer에서 다형성 band는 35개로 primer당 평균 5.8개(S.D.=2.32), 집단별 다형적 유전자좌의 비율은 평균 78.7%로 나타났다. AMOVA에서 전체 유전변이의 27.8%는 집단간 차이에 기인하며, 72.2%는 집단내 개체간 차이로 설명할 수 있었다. 베이즈 방법에 따른 유전분화는 θII와 GST가 각각 0.249와 0.227로 추정되었으며, 전체집단에 대한 근친교배율은 0.412로 계산되었다. 집단간의 지리적 거리와 유전적 거리에 대한 상관성 분석에서 지리적 거리가 멀수록 유전적으로 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 베이즈 군집분석에서 가침박달 집단은 유전변이 분포에 따라서 1) 대구 지역의 2집단 및 안동, 청송, 예천 집단이 하나의 구역으로, 그리고 2) 단양, 영월 집단과 3) 임실, 청주 집단이 각각 하나의 구역으로 묶여서 총 3개 구역으로 나눌 수 있었다. 구역의 유전변이는 백두대간과 정맥의 산줄기를 경계로 분포하는 것으로 생각되며, AMOVA에서 전체 유전변이량의 10.0%는 구역간, 19.7%는 집단간, 나머지 70.3%는 집단내 개체간 차이로 설명되었다. 아울러 가침박달의 현지내 유전자원보존을 위한 유전다양성 평가와 유전구조 분석결과의 적용에 대하여 살펴보았다. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure were estimated in nine natural populations of Exochorda serratifolia in South Korea using Issr marker system Average of polymorphie loei per primer was 5.8(S.D=2.32)and percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 78.7% with total 35 loci form 6 ISSR primers. In AMOVA, 27.8% of total genetic variation came from genetic difference among populations and 72.2% was resulted from difference among individual trees within populations. Genetic difference by Bayesian inference were 0.249 of 011 and 0.227 of GST Inbreeding coefficient for total populations was 0.412. There was significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance among populations. On the results of Bayesian cluster analysis, nine population were assigned into three groups. The first group included 5 populations, and the second and the third had two populations per group, respectively. These three regions could explain 10.0% of total genetic variation form hierarchical AMOVA, and the levels of among-population and among-individual were explained 19.7%and 70.3, respectively. The geographic distribution of populations following the three Bayesian clusters could be explained with mountain range as Baekdudaegan which is the main chain of Mountains in Korea. The mountains as the physical barrier might hamper gene flow in the pearlbush. So when protected areas are designated for conservation of this species, we should consider those three regions into considerations and would better to chose at least one population per region.

AFLP 마커를 이용한 한국산 잔디속 종 및 품종 식별

홍경낙,박유진,이광수,배은지 한국임학회 2011 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.-

Chloroplast Gene Marker를 利用한 현사시나무 選拔 Clone間 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 分析

玄正悟,金龍律,洪庚洛 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1990 서울대농학연구지 Vol.15 No.2

The total DNA samples, isolated from 4 clones of P. alba x P. glandulosa were digested with 6 restriction enzymes and hybridized with ?P-labeled gene probe from pCB16, pCB19 and pCB35 containing 2-4 kb of Chloroplast DNA. When DNA samples were digested with Clal, EcoRI and BamHI and hybridized with the probes from pCBl6 and pCB29, we found the same band pattern clone 1 and 3 and also between clone 2 and 4. However, restriction site variation was found between clone 1and 2 and also between clone 3 and 4. This result is in good agreement with the fact that the pollen parent is common for all 4 clones while clone 1 and 3 share the same seed parent and clone 2 and 4 share another same seed parent. This indicate that the inheritance of chloroplastal DNA in Populus may be maternal and that the 'RFLP' method used in our study can be useful for identification of aspen clones.

Chloroplast Gene Marker를 利用한 현사시나무 選拔 Clone間 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 分析

洪庚洛,金龍律,玄正悟 서울大學校農業生命科學大學附屬樹木園 1990 서울大學校 樹木園 硏究報告 Vol.- No.10

The total DNA samples, isolated from 4 clones of P. alba x P. glandulosa were digested with 6 restriction enzymes and hybridized with ??-labeled gene probe from pCB16, pCB19 and pCB35 containing 2-4 kb of Chloroplast DNA. When DNA samples were digested with ClaI, EcoRI and BamHI and hybridized with the probes from pCB16 and pCB29, We found the same band pattern clone 1 and 3 and also between clone 2 and 4. However, restriction site variation was found between clone 1 and 2 and also between clone 3 and 4. This result is in good agreement with the fact that the pollen parent is common for all 4 clones while clone 1 and 3 share the same seed parent and clone 2 and 4 share another same seed parent. This indicate that the inheritance of chloroplastal DNA in Populus may be maternal and that the ‘RFLP’method used in our study can be useful for identification of aspen clones.

AFLP 표지자에서 나타난 전라남도 부안의 북방한계지에자생하는 호랑가시나무 군락의 유전적 단형성

홍경낙 ( Kyung Nak Hong ),박유진 ( Yu Jin Park ),이제완 ( Jei Wan Lee ),김영미 ( Young Mi Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.2

Individuals in the population under a particular environmental condition influencing recurrently for a long time could locally adapted and local adaptation is of a fundamental importance in a breeding program, conservation activities of genetic resources or evolutionary biology. Plants at northern range limits have higher probability of expressing an adaptative genetic trait. The natural community at the northern range limit of Ilex cornuta (Chinese holly) in Buan, Jeollanam-do in Korea was composed of adults of 744 and seedlings of 211 (hereafter ‘Community’) and is designated as the Korean Natural Monument (No. 122) by the law. At two adjacent areas to Community, 85 (hereafter ‘Plantation I’) and 27 hollies (hereafter ‘Plantation II’) were planted respectively for preparations of the next generation. Eighty-five trees were sampled for genetic analysis in the three groups. Fifty-two (36%) of the total 143 amplicons were polymorphic from four AFLP primer combinations. A total of thirteen genotypes was identified and just one genotype was for 52 trees of Community. Seven and five genotypes were shown for Plantation I and II, respectively. There was no identical genotype between Community and Plantation (I or II) or between two plantation groups. Number of private loci was 2 for Community, 6 for Plantation I and 4 for Plantation II. We presumed their genetic backgrounds were quite different with one another and the plantation groups were made independently because they were different not only the genetic compositions but also their ages. Considering the genetic monomorphism by AFLP markers, observations of only male trees and asexual propagation as layerage or cuttage, the hollies in Community might be a genet by root suckering from a single male tree, not the results of selective removal of female trees for ornamental use in the past.

19 년생 테다소나무의 조림지에서 경사가 반형매가계의 생장에 미치는 영향

홍경낙(Kyung Nak Hong),김영중(Yong Jung Kim),조경진(Kyung Jin Cho),김만조(Maha Jo Kim),김용률(Young Yul Kim),서강욱(Gang Uk Suh) 한국산림과학회 2002 한국산림과학회지 Vol.91 No.4

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nSSR 표지를 이용한 안면도지역 곰솔 채종원과 자연집단의 교배양식 유전모수 연간 변이

김영미,홍경낙,박유진,홍용표,박재인 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

11개 nSSR 표지를 이용하여 안면도지역 곰솔 채종원 ’81단지와 내륙과 해안집단의 화분유동과 교배양식 유전모수를 추정하였다. 이형접합도 관측치(Ho)와 Shannon의 유전다양성지수(I)는 안면도 곰솔 채종원(클론: He = 0.680, I = 1.608; 종자: He = 0.636~0.646, I = 1.472~1.508)과 내륙집단(성목: He = 0.690, I = 1.691; 종자: He = 0.658~0.685, I = 1.573~1.636), 해안집단(성목: He = 0.683, I = 1.641; 종자: He = 0.665~0.685, I = 1.595~1.669) 간에 유의한 차이는 없으며, 각 집단의 생산년도간에 뿐 만 아니라 세대간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P > 0.05). MLTR로 분석으로 추정한 교배양식 유전모수를 추정한 결과 다수 유전자좌 타가교배율(채종원: 0.887∼0.919, 내륙: 0.948∼0.972, 해안: 0.850 ∼0.932)과 양친 근친교배(채종원: 0.003∼0.006, 내륙: 0.038∼0.066, 해안: 0.034∼0.099)는 집단간에 유의한 차이가 없는 반면, 2009년 생산된 종자에서 추정된 부계상관(채종원: 0.022, 내륙집단: 0.010, 해안집단: 0.047)은 집단간에 유의한 차이가 있다(P < 0.05). 안면도 지역 곰솔 집단 전반은 화분수의 유전다양성이 높고 교배의 대부분이 다수의 화분수가 기여하는 타가수정으로 이루어지기 때문에 각 집단의 공간구조와 유전구조의 차이에도 불구하고 세대간 유전변이의 감소가 없으며, 집단간에 유전다양성의 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 생각된다. 반면 임분의 밀도와 규모 등에 따라 생산년도간에 유전모수의 변이를 달리하며, 그중 곰솔 해안집단은 연간 변이에 큰 차이를 보이고 있어 다른 집단에 비해 교배환경의 변화에 반응이 크게 나타나는 것으로 생각된다.