학술발표회 - 단위영양 ( 제1발표회장 ) : 고온환경하의 산란계에 대한 염화칼슘 ( CaCl2 ) 의 급여효과 (2) CaCl2 의 급여가 장기간의 고운 stress 를 받은 산란계의 산 - 염기 균형 및 생산성에 미치는 영향

현화진,이석휴,이봉덕,정선부 한국영양사료학회 1990 `90 학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

도시지역 임신부의 식이섭취 및 심리적 스트레스와 초유성분에 관한 연구

현화진,이조윤 中部大學校 自然科學硏究所 1999 自然科學硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of composition of colostrum with levels of dietary energy and protein intakes and levels psychological stress in urban pregnant woman. The study subjects were 98 pregnant women who delivered infants at two general hospitals in Taejon city. Mean contents of colostrum were 1.53g/dl for protein, 2.52g/dl for lipid, and 7.12g/dl for lactose, respectively. The contents of protein and lipid did not significantly differ in relation to energy and protein intakes of pregnant women, but high contents of lactose were associated with higher energy intakes. Psycological stress did not significantly affect any of the colostrum contents. It is concluded that dietary energy and protein intakes and psycological stress of urban pregnant women have little effects on composition of colostrum.

금산지역 남녀 중학생의 점시식사 및 식품섭취 실태

현화진,장영상 中部大學校 自然科學硏究所 2002 自然科學硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.2

The study was performed to investigate the eating behavior of lunch and food intake of middle school students in rural area. The participants of the study were 647 second-grade students in the middle school in Kumsan district. Eighty six percent of students ate cooked rice for lunch. The most common number of side dishes were two and female student ate more number of side dishes than male student. 46.6% of the students were satisfied with their side dishes. 52.9% of the male students required less than 10 minutes to have lunch and female students required more. 12.3% of male students and 2.3% of female students ate lunch box before lunch time. The reasons for eating lunch early were that they were hungry even though they ate breakfast(30.8%) and they skipped breakfast(25.5%). The kind of side dishes most frequently used were kimchi(44.4%), ham-sausage(19.6%) and egg(8.9%), and the kind of dishes most preferred by the students were ham-sausage(43.8%), kimchi(25. 4%) and meat(10.4%). 74.5%, 55.9%, and 30.8% of the students consumed cereals, kimchi, and vegetables in their every meal respectively. 44.2%, 44.5%, 40.1%, and 38.1% of the students consumed ramyeon, fruits, meats, and ham-sausage 2-3 times per week respectively. These results suggest that eating behavior of lunch of middle school students in rural area was not satisfactory, especially in male students. And they tended to prefer processed food, fast foot, and carbonated beverage. Thus, the school lunch program is recommended and it is necessary to educate students in proper food selection method and sound dietary behavior.

도시성인 아침식사의 열량기 및 이의 영양소 섭취와 혈청 지질 수준간의 관련성 연구

현화진,이정원,곽충실,송경희 대한지역사회영양학회 1998 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.3 No.3

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy value of breakfast and its relation to total daily nutrient intake and serum lipid. Dietary intakes were evaluated through the 3-day dietary recalls(interview for 1day and self-report for 2 days) from 333 Korean urban adults aged 20-49 year. Serum lipids in fasting blood samples were measured form 98 of those 333 adults. Low energy breakfast(<15% of daily energy intake) was consumed by 22.6% of males and 18.5% of females. 59.4 of males and 43.3% of females consumed a breakfast of average energy intake(15-25% daily energy intake) ; and 18.1 of males and 38.2% of females consumed a significant contribution to a total daily nutrient intake. The daily nutrient intake except crude fiber and vitamin A, B, B, and C in males and except vitamin C in females significantly increased as the energy value of breakfast increased. The differences in energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast were not made up for by other meals. To make matters worse, the satisfactory-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast groups in females. Among serum lipid parameters, TG was negatively correlated with energy provided at breakfast, and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol had a negative correlation with energy and carbohydrates provided at breakfast in males. For females TG was positively correlated with the ratio of carbohydrates to energy at breakfast but negatively correlated with the ratio of fat to energy at breakfast. These results suggest that satisfactory energy intakes at breakfast have positive effects on the adequacy of daily nutrient intake and may positively affect the serum lipid status.

산-염기 균형의 조절에 의한 닭의 고온 스트레스 완화 효과

현화진 中部大學校 農業開發硏究所 1994 農業開發硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

고온 환경에 노출된 닭은 일차적으로 체열의 생산을 줄이기 위하여 사료섭취량을 감소시킨다. 또한 과호흡을 통한 증발열의 발산은 닭에 있어서 체내의 열을 방출하는 중요한 수단이다. 과호흡이 일어나게 되면 혈액CO₂의 과다배출로 인하여 체내의 산-염기 균형이 교란되어서 호흡성 알칼리 중독 현상이 나타난다. 산-염기균형의 교란은 궁극적으로 닭의 성장율과 생산성을 저하시키게 된다. 고온 스트레스로 인해 야기되는 생산성의 저하를 최소화하기 위하여, 여러가지 첨가제들을 사료나 음수에 첨가하므로서 산-염기 균형을 유도하려는 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 보고된 연구들은 첨가제의 종류에 따라 세가지 방법으로 분류될 수 있다. 첫번째 방법은 약산을 첨가하여 고온 스트레스에 의해 증가된 혈액 pH를 정상수준으로 낮추려는 시도이다. 상온에서 대사성 산중독증을 나타내는 NH_4Cl을 사용하여 성장율, 폐사율 및 난질을 개선시킬 수 있었다. 두번째 방법은 알칼리중독증으로 인하여 배설이 증가되어 음(-)의 균형을 나타내는 K^+를 주로 KCI의 형태로 음수에 첨가 급여하는 방법인데, 생산성을 개선시키는 효과가 있다고 보고되었다. 마지막으로 음수로 수도물 대신 탄산수를 급여하는 방법도 고온시의 생산성을 증가시킬 수 있었는데, 이는 탄산수가 고온성 과호흡으로 인해 감소된 CO₂와H^+를 공급할 수 있기 때문이다. 위에 제시된 방법들은 제각기 장단점을 가지고 있다. 약산을 급여하는 방법은 닭이 과호흡을 하지 않을 경우나 서늘한 저녁시간에 사료섭취량이 증가될 경우, 산의 과다 섭취로 인하여 대사성 산 중독증을 유발시킬 수 있다. 또한 KCI의 첨가는 주로 육계를 대상으로 결과가 보고되어 육계의 생산성을 증진시킬 수 있는 것으로 보이며, 탄산수를 급여하는 방법은 특히 산란계에 있어 난각을 구성하는 Ca과 CO₃^-2 분비에 영향을 주어 난각질을 개선시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 이 방법들은 모두 고온 스트레스의 효과를 완전히 상쇄시킬 수는 없었다. 따라서 여름철 닭의 생산성 향상을 위하여 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되며, 특히 대부분의 실험이 실시되었던 급성 또는 인위적인 고온 스트레스 보다는 실제 생산 농장에서 닭이 사육되는 환경온도에서 장기적으로 실시되는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. Thermal panting associated with heat loss in chickens reduces blood carbon dioxide partial pressure and hydrogen ion concentration, and also produces an acid-base imbalance called respiratory alkalosis. Departure from normal acid-base chemistry affects normal growth and production in chickens. Various compounds supplementation to feed and drinking water could alleviate the adverse effect of heat stress of chicken by correcting the acid-base imbalance during respiratory alkalosis. Firstly, blood acidifier such as ammonium chloride could decrease pH back to normal levels. Secondly, potassium, which showed negative balance due to alkalosis induced by heat stress, supplementation as a form of potassium chloride was found to have the effect of improving the lowered production performance of heat stressed chicken. Finally, carbonated drinking water could be another possible element which could exert beneficial effect on heat stressed chicken. This beneficial effect is to provide a source of carbon dioxide, which is depleted by thermal panting, and hydrogen ion. These methods mentioned above, however, do not counteract completely the adverse effect of heat stress. Therefore, further studies need to be conducted to improve the growth and production of chicken during summer months, especially in a housing environment of commercial design.

식사기록법으로 조사한 일부 사춘기연령층의 영양소 섭취상태의 계절 및 지역별 비교연구

현화진,이정원 대한지역사회영양학회 2001 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Seasonal variations of nutrient intake ware evaluated through a 3-day dietary records in 196 Korean adolescents(86 males, 108 females) aged 13 - 15 years and living in urban and rural areas of Chungnam. The seasonal differences of nutrient intake were tested by repealed measure ANOVA. Comparing nutrient intakes among flour seasons using repealed measure ANOVA, mean values of daily intakes were higher in winter and autumn for most nutrients, and were the lowest in summer in the urban areas and in spring in rural areas. Girls recieved the largest amount of nutrients, except Ca and vitamin $B_12$, in winter and the lowest amount in summer, while in boys significant differences were not observed among the four seasons for meet nutrients, except fats, Mg, and vitamin E. Interestingly, the seasonal differences for many nutrients were more evident in rural areas than in urban areas. Vitamin A intake in urban areas was higher in winter and spring, while in rural oreas, in summer. Mean values of daily intakes as a percent of the RDA throughout the year in boys and girls ware 82.2% and 84.2% for energy and 88.9% and 82.7% for protein, respectively. Ca and vitamin A intakes were as low as 32.4% and 24.2% of the RDA in boys and 39.7% and 30.6% in girls. Intakes of Fe, Zn, folic acid and vitamin B$_{12}$ ranged from 40 - 60% of the RDA. The nutrients which showed the largest seasonal difference in the percent of RDA were vitamin E in boys and vitamin C, vitamin E, and Fe in girls. The index of nutritional quality(INQ) for Fe was significantly lower in autumn in both genders. The INQ for vitamin C in girls of both areas was much higher in winter. Annual mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall nutritional quality, ranged from 0.57 - 0.69, which was higher in winter than in other seasons. Conclusively, nutrient intakes of Korean adolescents showed seasonal variations, particularly in girls and in rural area. Thus, seasonal variations should be considered in the assessing nutritional status, particularly ill the rural areas of Korea.a.

학령 전 아동 어머니의 자신과 아동에 대한 체형인식

현화진,홍이정 대한지역사회영양학회 2005 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.10 No.6

This study was performed to investigate body image perceptions of women about themselves and their preschool children and also to investigate the relationship between these perceptions. Subjects were 545 women and their children (279 boys and 268 girls) residing in Daejeon city. 67.7% of women were classified as normal group, 18.6% as overweight group, and 13.8% as underweight group by BMI. 68.5% and 78.7% of their boys and girls, respectively, were classified as normal group, 22.4% and 16.4% as overweight group, 9.1% and 4.9% as underweight group by WLI. Women made relatively accurate judgments on their current body sizes and selected their body images as the most desirable one. But they preferred plumper figures for their children and failed to perceive their overweight children as overweight. While 74.7% of women wished to be thinner, 81.1% of them wished their children to be fatter. Women spending less then 100 thousand won and more than 500 thousand won as monthly food expenses and having only one child perceived their children’s current body sizes the lowest and the highest, respectively. Women wished boys to be fatter than girls. Their current body sizes were correlated positively with the children’s current body size (p < .01), and their healthiest, attractive, and ‘wish’ figures were correlated positively with children’s current, healthiest, attractive, and ‘wish’ figures (p < .05 - p < .01). Body size dissatisfaction (wish to be thinner) and BMI of women were correlated negatively with children’s healthiest and attractive figures (p < .01). These findings suggest that in order to correct the women’s body image misperceptions and to prevent childhood obesity, mother’s perception about healthy body images for themselves and their children need to be included in nutrition education. Also, it is necessary to assist mothers to understand the relationship of body size and weight status with the risk of chronic disease which might appear later in their children’s life. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6): 930 ~ 942, 2005)

일보 고소득 아파트단지내 유치원 어린이의 성장발육 및 영양에 관한 연구

현화진,모수미 대한영양사회 1980 國民營養 Vol.23 No.-

대전지역 임신부의 식이 섭취 및 심리적 스트레스와 신생아 체중에 관한 연구

현화진,이조윤,곽충실 대한지역사회영양학회 1997 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Thin study measured dietary intakes in late pregnancy and psychological stress during the period of gestation and examined the roles of diet and psychological stress in pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight. Study subjects were 98 pregnant women who delivered infants at 2 general hospitals in Taejon city. Mean weight gain during pregnancy was 14.6$\pm$4.89Kg. Mean infant birth weight was 3.39$\pm$0.62kg in males and 3.28$\pm$0.43Kg in females. Mean energy and protein intake levels were adequate, but mean iron and calcium intakes were only 61.2$\pm$14.9% and 79.1$\pm$18.2$\%$ of RDA, respectively. Fat intake which constitutes 22.0$\pm$4.3$\%$ of total energy intake, and animal protein intake which constitutes 22.0$\pm$4.3$\%$ of total energy intake, and animal protein intake which constitutes 53.7$\%$ of total protein intake were moderately high. Though mean energy, fat, animal protein, and meat protein intakes in the low psychological stress group were higher than those in the middle or high stress group, psychological stress did not significantly affect pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight. High intakes of nutrients except for dairy protein, iron, and niacin were associated with higher pregnancy weight gain and high intakes of protein and meat protein were associated with higher infant birth weight. It is concluded that dietary intakes during pregnancy has effects on pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight, and psychological stress has no direct effect on them.

밀기울의 급여수준이 쥐에 있어서 분의 건물량, 분 NDF 함량 및 Ca과 Mg 균형에 미치는 영향

현화진 中部大學校 農業開發硏究所 1993 農業開發硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

성장중인 어린 숫쥐에게 밀기울을 여러가지 수준으로 급여했을 때 분의 중량과 부피, 분 Ca과 Mg 배설량 그리고 Ca과 Mg의 체내 보유 상태를 알아보기 위하여 2주일간의 실험을 실시하였다. 30마리의 쥐(Sprague-Dawley stain)를 5가지의 사료(무섬유소, 밀기울 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) 처리구에 5처리 3반복으로 반복당 2마리 씩 완전 임의 배치하였으며, 대사 실험은 마지막 3일간 수행하였다. 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료효율은 밀기울 급여구에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 밀기울 수준 별로는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 분의 건물량, 부피, bulk density(vol/wt)는 밀기울 급여수준이 증가하면서 유의적으로 증가되었다. 분을 통한 Ca과 Mg의 배설량도 밀기울 급여수준이 증가하면서 유의적으로 증가되었으며, Mg 배설량의 증가가 더 현저하였다. 분의 NDF, 건물량, 부피, Ca과 Mg 사이에는 유의적인 정(+)의 상관관계가 있었다. 밀기울의 급여에 의해 뇨를 통한 Ca 배설량은 유의적으로 감소하였고, 뇨를 통한 Mg 배설량은 유의적으로 증가하였으나 밀기울의 급여수준에 의하여는 차이를 보이지 않았다. Ca의 체내보유는 밀기울 급여구가 무섬유소구에 비해 유의적으로 높았으나 밀기울 급여수준에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았고, Mg의 보유는 밀기울 급여수준이 증가되면서 증가하였다. 혈청 Ca은 밀기울 급여수준에 따른 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았고 혈청 Mg은 밀기울 수준이 증가되면서 증가하였다. 이상의 결과에서 분의 NDF가 Ca과 Mg의 배설을 증가시킨다는 것이 확인되었다. 또한 쥐에게 20% 까지의 밀기울 급여는 체내 Ca과 Mg 상태에 부정적인 영향을 주지 않았음이 관찰되었다. The effects of wheat bran on the contents of fecal DM and NDF, and Ca and Mg excretion and retention were studied in 14-d experiment. Thirty male weanling rats(Sprague-Dawley strain) were randomly allotted to 5(0, 5, 10, 15,20% wheat bran) treatments, with three replicates per treatment and two rats per replicate. Feces and urine collections were carried out in the last 3 d of the experiment. The addition of wheat bran significantly increased weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency. Fecal DM, fecal volume, fecal bulk density (vol/wt), fecal NDF, fecal Ca and Mg excretion increased for each increase in wheat bran. In feces, there were positive correlations between NDF, DM, Ca and Mg. The addition of wheat bran significantly decreased urinary Ca, but significantly increased urinary Mg. Ca retention was increased with wheat bran addition and Mg retention increased for each increase in wheat bran. These results indicate that fecal NDF promotes fecal Ca and Mg excretion, and that up to 20% wheat bran does not affect negatively on Ca and Mg status.