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쌀 加工 多樣化를 위한 新素材 開發 : for Diverse Amylose Contents 특히 amylose含量 變異體의 育成
許文會 서울大學校農科大學 農業開發硏究所 1991 서울대농학연구지 Vol.16 No.1
쌀 加工 多樣化를 위한 新素材 開發의 한 方向으로 amylose含量 變異體 育成을 위하여 本 硏究室이 傾注하여온 努力들 中 基礎的인 情報 즉 環境 및 遺傳變異에 關한 實驗結果를 綜合하여 外國에서 報告된 結果와 對照하면서 앞으로의 硏究에 寄與하고자 檢討하였다. 그 結果는 다음과 같이 要約된다. 1. 쌀 amylose含量의 環境變異 amylose含量은 年次間 變異가 有意할 만 한데 주로 當年의 氣溫에 影響을 받는다. 栽培時期 移動의 影響도 氣溫이 急降下하는 時期 以後에 出穗한 環境 影響이 留意할 만 한데 中·低水準의 amylose含量을 가진 品種에서 그 影響이 컸다. 播種期 및 收穫期 移動도 위와 같은 結果였다. 高溫과 短日은 amylose含量을 낮게하는데 出穗前後의 短日處理의 影響은 品種에 따라 달랐다. 施肥量의 影響은 留意할 만한 것이 못되었고 米粒의 成長 段階別로보면 出穗後 10日頃까지는 品種固有의 含量에 達하고 그 後는 變化가 없었다. 2. 品種간 變異 우리가 蒐集 育成한 메벼 育種 材料들의 amylose含量은 Japoniac들 中에서는 5.4∼30.5% Indica 中에서는 8.6∼31.0%의 範圍에서 變異하고 있는데 育成中인 突然變異體 中에서는 이보다 더 높은 것, 낮은 것들이 나올 것으로 期待한다. 3. 遺傳變異 찰과 메의 交配組合에서나 L-maylose와 H-amylose의 組合에서도 Dosage效果는 加算的이었으나 L-amylose와 H-amylose組合에서 高amylose의 첫 dose가 두드러지게 差가 나는 것으로 보아 이것이 優性임을 나타내었다. wx, opaque, 普通메 相互間의 交配를 通하여 amylose含量에 關해 wx遺傳子 자리에 multi-allele 關係가 있음을 確認하였다. 찰과 메와의 複對立 遺傳關係를 利用하여 熱帶 Indica에서 耐性 遺傳子를 導入하는 경우 amylose含量 分析을 省略할 수 있는 wx-high productive plant type carrier 育種法을 創案하였다. 4. MNU를 利用하여 여러 가지 amylose含量을 가지 突然變異體를 誘起할 수 있음을 外國에서의 例와 우리의 成績을 가지고 提示하였다. 5. ADV의 環境에 依한 變異는 高溫短日에서 ADV가 낮아지고 其他環境의 影響은 微微함을 確認하였다. 一般的으로 Indica는 낮고 Japonica는 높으네, 낮은것이 優性이고 優性의 程度는 分明하여 dosage效果는 加算的이지만 微微하다. To breed the new genetic traits for diversified processing quality of rice, studies were made on the environmental and genetic variability of amylose contents of rice starches in Suwon College farm during last 20 years. The results were discussed here and they are summarized as follows; 1. Environmental variability of amylose contents; The year variation of amylose content is significant due to mainly air temperature. Seasonal variation were also significant mainly due to low temperature for the delayed heading. The varieties with medium or low amylose were more variable. The effect of shifting of seeding and transplanting date were almost same as seasonal variability. The high temperature and short-day lowered down the amylose contents. The effects of short-day treatment before or after heading were variable depending on the cultivar tested. The increased nitrogen application showed general tendency of reduced amylose contents but it was not significant. The P and K fertilizers did not show consistent effects. The amylose content in the grain during grain development reached to the varietal constant by 10∼15 days after heading, thence no significant changes were noticed. 2. Varietal variability; The breeding materials which we have collected and bred showed amylose contents 5.4∼30.5% with Japonicas and 8.6∼31.0% with Indicas. Some newly derived mutants were showing wider variabilities in both Japonicas and Indicas. 3. Genetic variability; From the study of dosage effects with waxy, low and high amylose varieties, it was confirmed that the dosage effects were additive, non-waxy is dominant over waxy and high amylose one is dominant over low amylose one. From the study of genetic segregations of the hybrids among waxy, opaque and non-waxy, it was made clear that the genes wx, ?? and ?? for the waxy, opaque and common non-waxy respectively are multi-allelic each other locating on wx locus. Utilizing the multi-allelism of high-low amylose contents we have developed the "waxy high productive plant type carrier breeding technique" through which a breeder can save the laborious processes for the chemical analysis of amylose contents. 4. Mutation for the amylose variants; The feasibility of breeding further variants for amylose contents through chemical mutations was demonstrated. 5. Alkali digestibility value(ADV); About the environmental variability of ADV, the effects of high temperature and short-day treatment caused the lower ADV. No other significant environmental effects were noticed on ADV. The low ADV was dominant over high ADV. The dosage effect was less significant but it was additive.
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수두 고단백 계통육성을 위한 기초적 연구 I. 계통육성을 위한 조단백질 분석법의 비교
허문회,서학수,Mun-Hue Heu,Hak-Soo SUH 한국작물학회 1972 Korean journal of crop science Vol.- No.12
수도 고단백 계통선발을 위한 미립내 질소함량 검정 방법을 첨부 검토하기 위하여 예비선발된 36계통 및 대조품종을 5가지 질소수준(0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, 30.0, kg/10a)에서 재배하여 그 현미를 Kjeldahl법, Dye binding법 및 Biurett법으로 분석하여 3가지 방법에 의한 분석치간의 상관을 검토하였으며 그 중 6개품종에 대하여 동일시료를 3가지 분석법으로 6회 반복한 분석치의 분산을 검토하였고 3가지 방법으로 시료 100점당 소요된 시약과 노력을 비교하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. D.B.C.법에 의한 분석치는 Biurett법에 의한 분석치보다 Kjeldahl법과의 상관이 높았으나 D.B.C. 법에서는 극도로 높은 질소수준에서와 극도로 낮은 질소수준에서의 분석치는 Kjeldahl법에 의한 분석치에 비하여 과대평가되는 경향이 있다. Biurett법은 비교적 오차가 커서 Kjeldahl 법과의 상관이 떨어지지만 모든 질소수준에서 평행적인 경향이었다. 2. 품종에 따라 시용된 질소수주에 대한 반응도 달랐지만 품종과 질소수준에 따라 3가지 분석방법의 반응도 달랐다. 3. 3가지 분석방법별 분석치의 변이계수를 비교하면 Biurett법이 가장 크며 다음은 D.B.C.법인데 Biurett법에서는 각질소수준에서 모두 높았지만 질소수준이 높아짐에 따라 변이계수도 커졌는데 Kjeldahl법이나 D.B.C.에서는 질소수준이 낮아짐에 따라 변이 계수가 커졌다. 4. 3가 분석방법에서 소요되는 약품과 노력을 조사하여 Kjeldahl법에 비하여 D.B.C.법이 현저하게 절약되며 D.B.C.법 보다 Biurett법은 더욱 절약될 수 있음을 알았다. In order to compare the analytical efficiency of the Kjeldahal, Dye binding and Biurett method for the determination of nitrogen content in the brown rice, correlation coefficients were calculate with the analytical data obtained by the above mentioned 3 different methods for the brown rice of 36 varieties or lines grown at 5 different nitrogen levels (0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0kg/10a). Analysis of variance were made for the data of 6 varieties among those 36, and compared the precision of the data obtained by the 3 analytical methods. The expenditure (in terms of chemicals and labour) required for the 3 methods are also compared. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The correlation between D. B. C. and Kjeldahl value were generally more significant than the correlation between the value of Biurett and the value of Kjeldahl. But, the D. B. C. method generally overestimates than the Kjeldahl method at both extreme low and extreme high nitrogen contents, and the Biurett method includes more dispersed error than other two methods, though the optical values are parallel to the Kjeldahl nitrogen values at any levels of nitrogen applied. 2. The varietal difference in nitrogen value obtained by the 3 methods were different at the different nitrogen level applied. That is the interaction between variety and analytical method, and between the nitrogen level and analytical method were significant statistically. 3. The coefficient of variance (C, V.) was largest in the data analyzed by Biurett method and next in the data analayred by D. B. C. method. In the data analyzed by Biurett, the C. V. increased along onglong increase of nitrogen applied. But, in the data obtained by D. B. C. or Biurett the C. V. increased along the decrease of nitrogen applied. 4. From the comparison of the expenditure (in terms of chemicals and labour) required for the analysis of 100 samples by 3 methods, it was noticed that, the Biurett or D. B. C. method largely curtail the chemical expenditure and labour costs. Especially the Biurett method could curtail more labour costs.
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許文會 忠州大學校 1982 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.1
With the increase of various cars in this world, the exhaust gas of cars forms more than 60% in the city air pollution, and especially the harmful ingredients, CO,HC, and NO? to human body become a great social problem. The ways in which we can reduce or remove the harmful ingredients to human body are classified into two generally: one of these is to prevent these ingredients in combution, and the other is to reduce them by post handling. The post handling includes 1) catablitic converter 2) thermal reactor 3) exhaust gas recirculation system. However, these post handling are difficult to obtain because of its expensive xost. Accordingly it will be the best way to handle these harmful ingredients in the combustion chamber. So we can establish the diminution counterplan when it is cleared up the process of these harmful ingredients occurrences in combustion. From this point of view, this paper is an attempt to study and describe the process of these harmful ingredients, CO,HC, and NO? occurrences of the exhaust gas in a gosoline engine.
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