An Analysis of Negation in Child Korean: An Alternative to the UCC Account

한호,장영준 한국응용언어학회 2003 응용 언어학 Vol.19 No.1

Negation in the Korean language has been paid great attention to in regard to its peculiar syntactic properties. Moreover, child Korean data show an interesting developmental aspect of the negative structures, which is characterized with a certain type of errors involved with a position of the negator an. Recently, child Korean data on negation has been accounted for in a new perspective, with a theoretical proposal on optionality observed in child language. For instances, Baek and Wexler (2002) and Hagstrom (2002) proposed a new analysis of the errors found in the negative construction by young Korean children, based on Wexler’s (1998) Unique Checking Constraint (UCC) which was originally proposed to explain optional infinitives in child language. In this research, we will discuss those studies and explore an alternative account. We will argue that children’s errors in production of negation might be explained with respect to chunking, on the basis of the Korean light verb construction (LVC).

사람에서 Wnt 신호계의 활성화에 의한 지방세포 분화 억제와 당대사 이상과의 연관성

한호,김희수,권성준,김철근,최웅환 대한비만학회 2007 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.16 No.2

Objectives: The differentiation of preadipocyte to mature adipocyte includes activation of adipogenic gene expression and induction of insulin sensitivity. Wnt signaling, primarily mediated by Wnt10b in human, functions as a promoter of preadiocyte growth and proliferation, although it also functions as a potent inhibitor of adipogenesis. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of Wnt signaling on the degree of adipocyte differentiation and glucose metabolism. Methods: Adipose tissue was obtained during surgery from omental fat deposits in twenty one patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery at Hanyang University Hospital. All patients were divided into NGT patients (n = 12) and patients with impaired glucose metabolism (n = 9) based on the level of the fasting plasma glucose. Tissue expression level of transcription factors for adipocyte differentiation, early and late adipocyte -specific genes, and genes for Wnt signaling and CyclinD1 were investigated in NGT patients and patients with impaired glucose metabolism through real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Results: To control for the effect of visceral adiposity on the development of impaired glucose metabolism, all patients were subdivided into low and high visceral adiposity according to the median value of V/S ratio (0.85). Among adipocyte-specific genes, expression of genes for insulin sensitivity, such as adiponectin and GLUT4 was reduced in patients with impaired glucose metabolism than NGT patients. Gene expression of Wnt10b and CyclinD1 was significantly higher in patients with impaired glucose metabolism than NGT counterparts. Conclusions: The major role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human adipose tissue seems to selectively inhibit genes for insulin sensitivity such as adiponectin and GLUT4, which require C/EBPα as wells as PPARγ. 목적: 비만은 인슐린 저항성을 유발하는 중요한 인자이지만, 한국인에서 제2형 당뇨병이 있는 65%의 환자들은BMI 기준을 25 kg/m2로 낮추더라도 비만하지 않다. 인슐린의 표적 세포 중 하나인 지방세포는 분화할수록 지방이축적되고 당을 흡수하는 능력이 증가한다. 인간에서 Wnt10b에 의해 매개되는 Wnt signaling의 활성화는 지방세포전구세포의 분열과 증식을 유발하지만 분화를 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있어 연구자는 인간에서 Wnt signaling의활성화 정도와 지방세포 분화 정도 그리고 당 대사와의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 한양대병원 일반외과에서 선택적인 복부 수술을 시행한 21명의 환자들에서 내장 지방조직을 채취하였다. 이 환자들을 공복 혈당을 기준으로 정상군과 비정상 당 대사군 (공복혈당 장애와 제2형 당뇨병)으로 나누어 정량적중합효소반응을 통해 Wnt10b, β-catenin, Cyclin D1 (G1/S 세포주기 조절자), 지방세포 분화의 전사인자와 성숙한지방세포 특이적 유전자의 발현 정도 차이를 관찰하였다. 결과: 양 군 간에 내장 지방량의 차이를 보정하기 위해 V/S비 (visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio)의 중앙값인 0.85 를 기준으로 나누어 정상군과 비정상 당 대사군의 유전자 발현양의 차이를 비교하였다. 높은 내장 지방량을 가진환자들 중 비정상 당대사 군에서 PPARγ에 의해 그 발현이 조절되는 지방형성에 관여하는 유전자인 aP2의 발현이증가하였으나, 발현을 위해 PPARγ뿐만이 아니라 C/EBPα도 필요로 하는 인슐린 감수성을 개선하는 유전자인adiponectin과 GLUT4의 발현은 유의하게 감소하였다. 높은 내장 지방량을 가진 환자들 중 비정상 당대사 군에서Wnt10b와 Wnt signaling에 의해 활성화되는 Cyclin D1의 발현이 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론: 인간의 내장 지방세포에서 Wnt signaling의 활성화는 지방세포 형성과정에서 PPARγ에 의한 C/EBPα의활성화를 선택적으로 억제함으로써 인슐린 감수성에 관여하는 adiponectin과 GLUT4의 발현을 억제하는 것으로 생각된다.

안전체험 공간의 발전방안에 관한 연구- 체험 내용 및 운영 방식을 중심으로 -

한호,김정범 한국문화공간건축학회 2014 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.48

The current states and possible improvements regarding the facilities, education, and management of the safety experience hall that promote virtual experience and education regarding ‘danger’ such as potent hazards or disasters and ‘safety’ are to be explored. For this research, case comparisons and expert interviews were conducted. The case comparisons were conducted by comparing the facilities and management methods of 5 domestic safety experience hall and 5 safety experience hall in Japan. The managers of domestic safety experience hall were interviewed to lineate the current problems of these facilities and possible solutions. The result of the research lineated by case comparisons and interviews are as follows. First of all, flexible legal regulations and organizations are needed for disasters or crisis, and overall policies are needed for standardized management systems. Second of all, specializations regarding the respective regions, demographic groups, and disasters, and one-stop service from disaster prevention to recovery by systematic clustering are needed. Thirdly, the curiosity of the general and education regarding safety must be maintained by continuous research and development regarding the form of the facility for hands-on-experience education for safety, the content of the education, and managerial methods are pivotal, and it seems that professional education for this purpose is necessary.

개인 성향에 따른 제품 추론의 편향성 연구

한호,김정범 한국상품문화디자인학회 2016 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.47 No.-

21세기 디자인 환경에서는 기능을 대신하여 사용자 측면에서의 감정적 내용에 대한 중요성이 확장되고 있으며, 제품의 비물질적 특성을 중시하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이른바 디자인 함축적 특성에 대한 내용이 요구되고 있으며, 사물의 부재중인 구조로 평가되는 인식적 차원에서의 기능이 중요하게 되었다. 실제로 소비에 있어 기술적 내용과 제조 기업의 이미지보다 제품을 마주하는 순간에 야기되는 감정 ,즉 대상으로부터 파생되는 인상(印象)이 소비의 중요한 단서로 작용하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 디자인 대상에 내제된 함축성은 곧 정보(Design Information)로 인식되고 있으며, 디자인 분석내지는 시장에서 소비자 반응을 확인할 수 있는 중요한 단서가 될 수 있는 것이다. 또한 디자인은 주관과 객관적 관계를 통한 상호과정에서 추론되는 사고의 결과이며, 소비자(사회 구성원)들의 육체와 심리적 욕구에 상응하는 대상에 해당된다. 따라서 본 논문은 디자인 함축적 정보에 대한 분석을 통해 디자인 개발이나, 시장 분석을 위한 도구로서 의미를 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인지공학자인 도널드 노먼(D.Norman)의 일상용품 심리학에 작용하는 요인들을 중심으로 디자인 대상에 대하여 인지적 관계를 규정하였다. 이에 근거하여 조작과정에 작용하는 행위와 요소와 연계하여 의미공간과 대립적 양극성의 용어를 설정하였다. 또한 디자인에 내제된 함축적 정보를 규명하기 위해 디자인관련 학부생과 대학원생 50인이 통계과정에 참여하였으며, 의미론적 차별법을 활용하여 결과를 도출하였다. 또한 논문의 결과는 디자인 사조 또는 개별적인 디자인에 대한 함축적 정보 탐색에 활용될 수 있으며, 이에 근거하여 디자인 분석과정, 시장조사, 디자인 평가 그리고 디자인 개발방향 설정단계에서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. The importance of fundamental individual cognitive process is standing out in the modern society, and the subdividing individual personality is the most important starting point for design development process. It is very important for design development process to understand the principle of intuitive inference depending on individual personality in individual cognition. Therefore, the study was conducted assuming that intuitive inference would be affected by biased mechanism and the study widely researched reference and advanced researches about intuitive inference and individual personality based on individual cognitive system. The result showed that individual intuitive inference was largely affected by individual personality. The higher the self-attachment level was, the larger the inference size became, but individual personality depending on social and cultural influence had influence on the size of inference which indicated that it was a meaningful variable whether it’s beneficial to one’s emotion or not. The inference got bigger when it was aimed at pleasure, and the inference was not related to the previous brand attitude. The result indicates that design and marketing process shall deeply study customer’s individual personality.

나의 목회설교(입양감사예배) : 우리는 하나님의 자녀

한호 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2017 활천 Vol.765 No.8

폐경후 여성에서 대동맥 석회화 유무에 영향을 미치는 인자들과 골밀도와의 관계

한호,홍상모,이창범,김동선,박용수,김태화,최웅환 대한내과학회 2005 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

Learning Principles and Development of Negation in Child Language

한호 한국언어학회 2010 언어 Vol.35 No.2

Han, Ho. 2010. Learning Principles and Development of Negation in Child Language. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 35-2, 489-502. On the development of negation with respect to the answer to negative interrogative questions, I draw attention here to the explanatory adequacy of learning principles in child language acquisition, and present why the Subset Principle does not hold for relevant acquisition data. Choi & Zubin (1985) reported that both Korean children and English speaking children take three developmental stages in the acquisition of negation, regarding the answer to affirmative or negative interrogative questions. Both groups of children step through the same first and second stage of production of full propositional negation but diverge at the third stage, at which Korean children adhere to full propositional negation while English speaking children start to produce core propositional negation. Offering theoretical accounts of the developmental stages, Jang & Kwon (2008) deny the Subset Principle and support Markedness Hypothesis as well as the Growth Theory. In this article, I will point out potential problems of Jang and Kwon’s arguments through reinterpretation of Choi & Zubin’s findings, and argue that the Subset Principle does not hold in this case for a different reason. In addition, with retuning the notion of markedness, I will present different accounts of each of the three developmental stages against the Growth Theory. (Ajou University)

사람의 말, 주님의 음성 : 하나님이 기뻐하시는 길이 더 좋겠다

한호 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2015 활천 Vol.744 No.11

A Syntactic Account of the Varying Effects of Recasts

한호 한국중앙영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.51 No.4

This study explores why different effects are obtained through recasts, drawing attention to the nature of the target construction of recasts. During last decades, the negotiated interaction model have got much popularity in the study of language learning including EFL learning. One of the issues in this model is how errors are corrected through interaction, and researchers have got interested in cognitive processes that can be identified through conversational interactions. In particular, it has been found that recasts serve as a tool for providing negative evidence and constitute contingent responses to L2 learners’ ungrammaticality. It has been tested in several studies whether or not and how much recasts are effective in error correction (Mackey & Philp, 1998; Long, Inagaki, & Ortega, 1998; Phip, 2003). The findings reveal that the effects of recasts are quite different among target grammatical constructions. I argue in this study that the observed differences in the effects of recasts may root in the different grammatical properties of the target constructions among other factors and L2 learners’ sensitivity to those properties. For pedagogical implications, I suggest that recasts should be taken to be a tool not for direct error correction but for building implicit knowledge of certain grammatical items.

An Account of Child English Phonology

한호 한국중앙영어영문학회 2004 영어영문학연구 Vol.46 No.2

Children’s production of speech at the early stage of language development is characterized with children’s erroneous pronunciation that results from simplification and reduction of speech sounds and their sequences. This article treats this issue in two folds. First, it discusses a possible explanation on children’s speech production pattern on the basis of the notion of sonority hierarchy. Most of the previous studies in child phonology focused on the ease of articulation in association with simplification and reduction. But I argue that auditory distance must be considered as a potential factor of English-acquiring children’s characteristic sound patterns, pointing out that sonority hierarchy could play a crucial role. Second, well-know examples of child English phonology are analyzed in terms of non-linear phonology. In doing so, it will be shown that English-acquiring children’s speech data at the earliest stage of language development include assimilation, deletion, reduction, and/or substitution, which are nicely described and explained under non-linear phonology.