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Antibody Status in Children with Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome
한지환,황자영,고대균,이준성,이경일 연세대학교의과대학 2010 Yonsei medical journal Vol.51 No.2
Purpose: The pathophysiology of hypogammaglobulinemia in nephrotic syndrome (NS) remains unknown. We evaluated the differences in the distribution of anti-bacterial antibodies and anti-viral antibodies, and those of immune antibodies and natural antibodies in steroid-sensitive NS. Materials and Methods: We examined the antibody status of 18 children who had routine vaccinations. The levels of immnunoglobulin G (IgG), the IgG subclasses, and the antibodies induced by vaccinations such as diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus and measles-mumpsrubella were analyzed in children with steroid-sensitive NS. Results: There was a positive correlation between the albumin and IgG values (r = 0.6, p < 0.01), and the four IgG subclasses were all evenly depressed in the nephrotic children during the acute stage of the disease. The antibodies induced by bacterial antigens were depressed and the seropositivity of anti-viral antibodies tended to be lower than those of age-matched control children during the acute stage. The depressed immune antibody status recovered rapidly in the remission stage of NS, despite corticosteroid treatment. Conclusion: IgG levels correlated positively with albumin levels, and all antibodies, including immune and natural antibodies, were depressed in the acute stage of NS. Our results suggest that hypogammaglobulinaemia in NS may be associated with intravascular homeostasis of oncotic pressure.
한지환,김태훈 대한시과학회 2016 대한시과학회지 Vol.18 No.1
목 적: 국내 스포츠 선글라스의 사용실태를 파악하고 시각적부작용을 알아보기 위해 설문조사와 광학적 성능을 연구하였다. 방 법: 스포츠 선글라스를 착용하는 147명의 대상자를 설문조사를 하였으며, 실태조사로는 시력교정 방법, 구매장소, 주의사항, 시각적 부작용을 조사하였다. 광학적 성능으로는 국내에서 판매되는 스포츠 선글라스 제품 10개를 선정하여 렌즈 굴절력, 렌즈평행도, 비점수차를 구하였다. 결 과: 스포츠 선글라스 사용목적으로는 눈부심 방지가 73.5%, 얼굴보호 10.2%, 시야확보 9.5%, 미적 효과 2.7%, 기타 4.1% 순으로 나타났다. 스포츠 선글라스 구매하는 장소는 온라인매장 43.5%, 안경원 25.3%, 스포츠 선글라스 전문매장 12.2%, 면세점 10.2%, 기타 4.1%로 나타났다. 스포츠 선글라스 착용 시 부작용을 느끼는 사람은 44.5%로 나타났다. 스포츠 선글라스 렌즈의 굴절력은 0.01D~0.37D, 프리즘 굴절력은 0.01△~0.26△, 종 비점수차는 -0.0098D~0.1080D, 횡 비점수차는 -0.0084D~0.1872D로 나타났다. 결 론: 스포츠 선글라스 착용 시 시각적 부작용을 느끼는 사람이 있으며 광학적 분석을 통해서도 시각적 부작용을 느낄 수 있어 안경사의 처방과 피팅이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. Purpose: The study surveyed current customers sports sunglasses purchasing and wearing habits in order to evaluate the current situation and study the optical performance to the ocular side effects of wearing sports sunglasses. Methods: The study surveyed 147 customers who had been using sports sunglasses. We investigated the customers’ motivations for wearing sunglasses, their vision correction method, purchasing store, brand selection, the awareness of warnings about the use of sports sunglasses, and the ocular side effects. Optical performance was obtained by the lens power, lens parallelism, astigmatism by selecting a 10 products. Results: 73.5% of the customers wore sports sunglasses for glare reduction, which was the top motivation. 10.2% of them wore them for eye protection, 9.5% for visibility, 2.7% for the aesthetic effect, and 4.1% for other purposes. 43.5% usually purchased their sports sunglasses from online stores, while 25.3% bought them from optical stores, 12.2% from specialized shops for goggles, 10.2% from duty-free shops, and 4.1% from others. 44.5% of the customers who wore sports sunglasses had experienced side effects, while 55.5% had not experienced any side effects. The refractive power of the lens sport sunglasses 0.01D~0.37D, prismatic power is 0.01△~0.26△, longitudinal astigmatism, -0.0098D~0.1080D, transverse astigmatism is -0.0084D~0.1872D. Conclusions: The person feels the visual side effects when wearing sports sunglasses and could feel the visual side-effects through the optical analysis requires a prescription and fitting of opticians.
한지환 대한소아청소년과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.51 No.5
Kawasaki disease (KD) was first described by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in his 1975 study, published in Pediatrics. Its pathogenesis is still not clearly understood. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to preventing concomitant coronary artery complications. Most KD patients respond well to the standard treatment of aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin; however, some of them are refractory to the standard treatment, and so adjuvant therapies with corticosteroids and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibody are necessary. In this article, the author reviews and summarizes the most recent literature on the treatment of refractory KD.