중국 비현금결제의 확대가 화폐수요 및 유통속도에 미치는 영향

한지민 중국지역학회 2020 중국지역연구 Vol.7 No.3

With the development of technology, innovation in the financial field is taking place, and cashless payments using the Internet and mobile services are rapidly expanding. Cashless payment can replace the cash as means of payment, thereby changing the demand for money and the velocity of money in the economy, which can affect the path and efficiency of monetary policy. Recently, China, which is considered to be the leader of Fintech, has experienced a major change in the payment and settlement environment, and the use of cash is decreasing significantly in daily life, and there is a view that cashless payment such as digital money or electronic payment will promote the change to a cashless society. This study analyzed the impact of the expansion of cashless payment in China on monetary environment, and tried to find suggestions compared to previous studies. Using the 2008-2019 serial data to empirical analysis of the effect of cashless payment variables on demand for money and velocity of money in China by ARDL model, it was found that the expansion of cashless payment variables did not significantly reduce demand for money, but rather reduced the velocity of money. This result shows a difference from existing theory and major research. Even if cashless payment are expanded due to the development of financial technology, the money demand does not necessarily respond immediately, and the ratio of the motivation of holding money as means of payment of economic entities can be smaller than expected. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful when adjusting monetary policy as the financial environment changes. 기술의 발달로 금융분야에도 혁신이 일어나면서, 인터넷과 모바일을 이용한비현금결제가 급격히 확대되고 있다. 비현금결제수단은 지불수단으로서의 현금기능을 대체하여 화폐수요와 경제 내 화폐 유통속도를 변화시켜 통화정책의 경로 및 효율성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 최근 핀테크의 선두주자로 꼽히고 있는 중국은 지급결제 환경에서 큰 변화를 겪고 있는데 실생활에서 현금의 사용이 눈에띄게 줄어들고 있으며 이에 따라 디지털화폐 혹은 전자결제 등의 비현금결제수단이 무현금사회로의 변화를 촉진할 것이라는 전망까지 나오고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구는 중국의 비현금결제 확대가 중국의 화폐환경에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 선행연구들과의 비교를 통해 시사점을 도출해내고자 하였다. 2008년-2019 년의 시계열 자료를 사용하여 ARDL 모형으로 중국 비현금결제 변수가 화폐수요 및 유통속도에 미친 영향을 실증분석 한 결과, 비현금결제 확대가 화폐수요를 유의하게 감소시키지 않으며, 오히려 화폐유통속도를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 기존 화폐이론 및 주요 선행연구들과 차이를 보였는데, 금융기술의 발전으로 비현금결제가 확대되더라도 반드시 화폐수요가 즉시 반응하는것은 아니며, 경제주체들의 화폐 보유 동기에서 지불수단으로서의 기능이 차지하는 비중이 예상보다 작을 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. 따라서 금융환경의 변화에 따른 통화정책 조절에는 신중함이 필요하다.

Greater Severity of Steatosis Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study

한지민,조정환,김혜인,서성환,이유지,이정원,김광민,배지철 대한내분비학회 2023 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.38 No.4

Background: Fatty liver is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate whether the severity of hepatic steatosis is associated with incident diabetes. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis using data from 1,798 participants who underwent a comprehensive health checkup and abdominal computed tomography (CT). We assessed the association between baseline liver attenuation value on non-contrast CT images and risk of incident diabetes. All the participants were categorized into three groups based on the baseline liver attenuation value on non-contrast CT images: without hepatic steatosis (>57 Hounsfield unit [HU]), mild hepatic steatosis (41–57 HU), and moderate to severe hepatic steatosis (≤40 HU). Results: During a median follow-up period of 5 years, 6.0% of the study participants progressed to diabetes. The incidence of diabetes was 17.3% in the moderate to severe hepatic steatosis group, 9.0% in the mild steatosis group, and 2.9% in those without hepatic steatosis. In a multivariate adjustment model, as compared with participants without hepatic steatosis, those with moderate to severesteatosis had a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 4.2) for the development of diabetes, and those in the mild steatosis group had a HR of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.42 to 3.80). One standard deviation decrease in mean CT attenuation values of the liver was associated with a 40% increase in the development of diabetes (multivariate adjusted HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.63). Conclusion: We found a positive association between severity of hepatic steatosis and risk of incident diabetes. Greater severity of steatosis was associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes.

국내 급성기 의료기관 고위험 의약품 목록 도출

한지민,허규남,이아영,민상일,김현지,백진희,노주현,김수인,김지연,이해원,조은주,아영미,이주연 한국임상약학회 2022 한국임상약학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Background: High-alert medications (HAMs) are medications that bear a heightened risk of causing significant patient harm if usedin error. To facilitate safe use of HAMs, identifying specific HAM lists for clinical setting is necessary. We aimed to develop thenational level HAM list for acute care setting. Methods: We used three-step process. First, we compiled the pre-existing lists referringHAMs. Second, we analyzed medication related incidents reported from national patient safety incident report data and adverseevents indicating medication errors from the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS).We also surveyed the assistant staffsto support patient safety tasks and pharmacist in charge of medication safety in acute care hospital. From findings from analysis andsurvey results we created additional candidate list of HAMs. Third, we derived the final list for HAMs in acute care settings throughexpert panel surveys. Results: From pre-existing HAM list, preliminary list consisting of 42 medication class/ingredients wasderived. Eight assistant staff to support patient safety tasks and 39 pharmacists in charge of medication safety responded to thesurvey. Additional 44 medication were listed from national patient safety incident report data, KAERS data and commonmedications involved in prescribing errors and dispensing errors from survey data. A list of mandatory and optional HAMsconsisting of 10 and 6 medication classes, respectively, was developed by consensus of the expert group. Conclusion: We developednational level HAM list for Korean acute care setting from pre-existing lists, analyzing medication error data, survey and expertpanel consensus.

Rational Molecular Design of Electrochromic Conjugated Polymers toward High-Performance and Redox Stability

한지민,인예령,김봉기,문홍철,권지언 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.2

The conjugated polymers (CPs) contained fused arylamine have advantages to realize electrochemically stable redox reaction and to visualize various color depending on substituents. Here, we designed fused arylamine based three CPs containing indolocarbazole or indoloindole, which exhibited different oxidation/reduction activities. It has been demonstrated that the performance of electrochromic device (ECD) was principally affected by the kinetics of the redox center of each CP as well as film crystallinity determining ion diffusion efficiency. A CP containing an indoloindole derivative exhibited outstanding redox cycle stability (>6000 cycles) as well as coloration efficiency (>1000 cm²/C) for electrochromic application. Furthermore, the change of chain conformation during bleaching/coloration was correlated with the operation stability of each ECD.

S-558 척수 압박을 동반한 경막외 종괴로 발현한 광범위큰B세포림프종 1예

한지민,강혜진,조원익,이승숙,공준석,유형준 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

배경: 원발성 경막외림프종은 진단 당시 경막외 종괴 이외에는 다른 침범 부위가 전혀 없는 것으로 정의되며, 비호지킨림프종의 1% 이내로 매우 드물게 발생한다. 병태생리가 명확하지는 않지만 경막외 정맥총을 따라 존재하는 림프조직에서 기원한다고 알려져 있다. 치료는 수술, 복합항암화학요법, 방사선치료 및 병용요법 등을 고려할 수 있다. 저자들은 척수 압박을 동반하는 경막외 종괴로 발현한 광범위큰B세포림프종 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 증례: 48세 여자가 3주전부터 시작된 허리 통증을 주소로 내원하였다. 과거력상 특이 소견은 없었다. 흉추 9번 피부분절로 통증이 있었고, 다른 신경학적 이상은 없었다. 척추자기공명영상 검사상 흉추 5-9번 경막외 공간에 척추를 압박하고 있는 불균질하게 조영되는 종괴가 관찰되었다(그림 B). 진단 및 치료목적의 절제 생검 및 흉추 5-10번 추궁절제술을 시행하였고, 광범위큰B세포림프종으로 진단되었다(그림 A). 병기결정을 위한 검사들이 시행되었고 경막외 종괴 이외, 척수액, 골수 등의 침범은 없어 Ann Arbor 병기 IEA로 판단되었다. 이후 6주기의 복합항암화학요법(R-CHOP)과 methotrexate 경막내투약을 시행하였고 완전관해가 유도되었다(그림 C). 이어서 공고요법으로 36Gy의 방사선치료가 시행되었으며 7개월째 무병상태로 추적관찰 중이다. 고찰: 림프종은 경막외 발생하는 다른 전이성 종양에 비해 복합항암화학요법과 방사선치료에 반응률이 높아 좋은 임상적 예후를 보이며 완치도 기대해 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 경막외 종양의 감별진단으로 원발성 경막외림프종을 염두해 두는 것은 경막외종양의 진단 및 치료계획 수립에 중요한 역할을 한다. 척수 압박을 동반하는 경막외 종괴로 발현한 광범위큰B세포림프종은 매우 드문 경우로 증례로 보고하는 바이다.

욕으로 시작, 욕으로 끝나는 청소년 대화

한지민 사회발전연구소 1999 한국인 Vol.18 No.10

Association between Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Thyroid Cancer in an Ultrasonographically Screened Population

한지민,김태용,김원구,송동은,홍석준,배성진,김홍규,송영기,김원배 대한갑상선학회 2015 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.8 No.1

Background and Objectives: We reported recently a positive correlation between obesity and thyroid cancer in women. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is regarded as a marker of exposure to environmental pollutants, cancer-causing xenobiotic. This study was conducted to evaluate the mechanism behind the association of obesity with thyroid cancer. We hypothesized serum GGT may be a surrogate for persistent organic pollutants to explain the connection between obesity and thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: We obtained data from 15,131 subjects who underwent a routine health checkup including thyroid ultrasonography from 2007 to 2008 at the Health Screening and Promotion Center of Asan Medical Center. Suspicious nodules were examined by ultrasonography-guided aspiration. Those with a history of hepatobiliary disease and abnormal result of liver function test were excluded. Serum GGT cut-off points were the 25th, 50th, and 75th sex-specific percentiles. Results: A total of 15,131 subjects (7662 men and 7469 women) were screened by thyroid ultrasonography. Thyroid cancers were diagnosed in 260 patients. After adjustment of age, smoking status, alcohol intake, body mass index, compared with the lowest serum GGT quartile, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of risk of thyroid cancer were 0.54 (0.28-0.99) for 2nd quartile, 0.92 (0.56-1.50) for 3rd quartile, and 0.61 (0.34-1.09) for 4th quartile in men. In women, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.06 (0.66-1.72), 1.18 (0.77-1.85), and 0.63 (0.38-1.06) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile, respectively. Conclusion: Elevated GGT is not associated with a higher prevalence of thyroid cancer in either gender when evaluated in a routine health checkup setting.

아파트의 윗층과 복도는 뛰노는 곳 아니다.

한지민 사회발전연구소 1999 한국인 Vol.18 No.6

The degradation characteristics of intermittent operation using an electrode for alkaline electrolysis

한지민,김종원,배기광,박주식,정성욱,김영호,강경수 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0

Renewable energy provides an intermittent operation environment, so the electrodes of water electrolysis need high durability and long life time for hydrogen production. In this study, 3-electrode system prepared using NiZnFe electrodes plated under two different conditions and the degradation characteristics of the electrode were confirmed by the cathodic potential on/off test in the hydrogen generation evolution reaction. The on/off test was operated about 150 cycles in the range of about -1.3 V to 0 V and reverse current occurred in the off step. As a result of LSV(Linear sweep voltammetry) for electrochemical analysis, the HER activity of 80 mA/㎠, 2000 s electrode and 320 mA/㎠, 2000 s electrode decreased about 10% and 15%, respectively. This results show that Zn dissolution and reverse current are related to deactivation. 320 mA/㎠, 600 s electrode is relatively less deactivation and less peeling off coating layer than 80 mA/㎠, 2000 s electrode.

중국 전자결제의 확대가 내수 소비에 미치는 영향

한지민 중국지역학회 2021 중국지역연구 Vol.8 No.2

현금을 사용하지 않는 전자적인 방식의 지급결제는 전자결제(electronic payment), 디 지털결제(digital payment), 혹은 비현금결제(cashless payment) 등 다양한 명칭으로 불린 다. 중국의 전자결제금액과 소비규모는 모두 증가세를 보이고 있다. 일반적으로 소비는 소득의 함수로 여겨지는데, 소득수준 이외에 소비에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인을 발견한 다면 소비 진작을 통한 경제성장 촉진을 더욱 효과적으로 추진할 수 있다. 중국의 전자 결제 방식과 소비의 관계를 실증적으로 분석함으로써, 전자결제의 소비촉진효과 존재 여부를 알아보고, 향후 중국의 스마트 소비 생태계 구축의 효과도 미리 예상해 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에는 전국 시계열과 지역 패널 두 가지 자료를 이용하여, ARDL모형과 패널회귀모형을 통해 중국의 전자결제가 내수 소비에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 중국 을 대상으로 한 연구 중에서도 전자결제와 소비의 관계에 대해 전국 자료를 이용한 시계열 분석과 지역 자료를 이용한 패널 분석을 동시에 수행한 연구는 거의 없으며, 두 자료의 동시 분석을 통해 더욱 실제 상황을 잘 설명할 수 있는 연구 결과를 도출해 낼 수 있다는 점에서 본 연구는 의미를 가진다. 전국 시계열 분석 결과, 전자결제금액의 증가는 전체 사회소비와 1인당 가계소비지 출을 모두 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 전국을 31개 성시로 나누어 분석한 패널회귀 추 정계수는 전국 시계열 분석과 유사한 결과값이 도출되었으나, 각 지역을 다시 도시 및 농촌으로, 또 소득수준별로 구분하여 분석한 모형에서는 각기 다른 결과들이 도출되었 다. 중소득이나 저소득 지역보다는 고소득지역에서 소비가 전자결제에 더 민감한 영향 을 받는 것으로 나타났지만, 한편으로는 전자결제의 보편화가 도시와 농촌의 소비격차 를 축소시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 판명되었다. 전자결제의 확대가 소비에 정(+)의 효과를 발생시킨다는 본 연구의 분석결과는 한국 에도 시사하는 바가 크다. 세계적 보호무역 추세와, 코로나 19로 촉발된 글로벌 불경기 는 대외 의존도가 높은 한국경제의 성장에 큰 장애로 작용하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하 고 우리는 지속적인 경제발전과 국민생활수준 향상을 위해서 새로운 경제발전 동력을 찾아야 하며, 결제 방식을 포함한 경제의 디지털화가 그 돌파구가 될 수 있다. 결제방식 이 소비에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다면, 그 영향의 메커니즘과 경로를 더욱 자세히 연구하 여 시너지 효과를 확대시켜 소비자의 경제활동 편의성 향상과 국민경제의 발전 가능성 을 동시에 촉진할 수 있다. Electronic payments that do not use cash are called by various names such as electronic payment, digital payment, or cashless payment. The amount of China’s electronic payments and the domestic consumption are both on the rise. Consumption is generally regarded as a function of income. If we discover factors that may affect consumption other than income, we can more effectively promote economic growth through boosting the consumption. By empirically analyzing the relationship between electronic payment and consumption, it is possible to find out whether there is a consumption promotion effect of electronic payment, and to predict the effect of building a smart consumption ecosystem in China in the future. In this study, the effect of electronic payments in China on domestic consumption was analyzed through the ADRL model and the panel regression model, using data from both a national time series and a regional panels. Among the studies in China, few studies have performed both a time series analysis using national data and a panel analysis using regional data. This study is meaningful in that simultaneous analysis of the two data can produce better results. As a result of the nationwide time series analysis, it was found that the increase in the amount of electronic payments promoted both total overall consumption and household consumption per capita. The panel regression estimation coefficient, which was analyzed by dividing the country into 31 provinces and cities, yielded similar results to that of the national time series analysis, but different results were derived in the model that analyzed each region again into urban and rural areas and by income level. Consumption was found to be more sensitive to electronic payment in high-income regions than in middle-income or low-income regions, but on the other hand, it was found that the universalization of electronic payments played a role in narrowing the consumption gap between urban and rural areas. The analysis results of this study that the expansion of electronic payments has a positive effect on consumption have great implications for Korea as well. The global trend of protectionism trade and the global recession triggered by Covid-19 are acting as a major obstacle to the growth of the Korean economy, which is highly dependent on foreign countries. Nevertheless, we must find new economic development engines for continuous economic development and improvement of people's living standards, and the digitalization of the economy, including payment methods, can be a breakthrough. If the payment method has a positive effect on consumption, the synergy effect can be expanded by studying the mechanism and path of the effect in more detail, thereby simultaneously promoting the convenience of consumers' economic activities and the possibility of developing the national economy.