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Testosterone Relaxes Rabbit Seminal Vesicle by Calcium Channel Inhibition
김종국,한우하,이무열,명순철,김세철,김민기 대한약리학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.2
Recent studies have documented that testosterone relaxes several smooth muscles by modulating K+ channel activities. Smooth muscles of seminal vesicles play a fundamental role in ejaculation, which might involve testosterone. This study was aimed to assess the role of testosterone in seminal vesicular motility by studying its effects on contractile agents and on the ion channels of single vesicular myocytes in a rabbit model. The contractile responses of circular smooth muscle strips of rabbit seminal vesicles to norepinephrine (10μM), a high concentration of KCl (70 mM), and testosterone (10μM) were observed. Single vesicular myocytes of rabbit were isolated using proteolytic enzymes including collagenase and papain. Inside-out, attached, and whole-cell configurations were examined using the patch clamp technique. The applications of 10μM norepinephrine or 70 mM KCl induced tonic contractions, and 10μM testosterone (pharmacological concentration) evoked dose-dependent relaxations of these precontracted strips. Various K+ channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), iberiotoxin (0.1μM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10μM), or glibenclamide (10μM) rarely affected these relaxations. Single channel data (of inside-out and attached configurations) of BK channel activity were also hardly affected by testosterone (10μM). On the other hand, however, testosterone reduced L-type Ca²+ currents significantly, and found to induce acute relaxation of seminal vesicular smooth muscle and this was mediated, at least in part, by Ca²+ current inhibition in rabbit. Recent studies have documented that testosterone relaxes several smooth muscles by modulating K+ channel activities. Smooth muscles of seminal vesicles play a fundamental role in ejaculation, which might involve testosterone. This study was aimed to assess the role of testosterone in seminal vesicular motility by studying its effects on contractile agents and on the ion channels of single vesicular myocytes in a rabbit model. The contractile responses of circular smooth muscle strips of rabbit seminal vesicles to norepinephrine (10μM), a high concentration of KCl (70 mM), and testosterone (10μM) were observed. Single vesicular myocytes of rabbit were isolated using proteolytic enzymes including collagenase and papain. Inside-out, attached, and whole-cell configurations were examined using the patch clamp technique. The applications of 10μM norepinephrine or 70 mM KCl induced tonic contractions, and 10μM testosterone (pharmacological concentration) evoked dose-dependent relaxations of these precontracted strips. Various K+ channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), iberiotoxin (0.1μM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10μM), or glibenclamide (10μM) rarely affected these relaxations. Single channel data (of inside-out and attached configurations) of BK channel activity were also hardly affected by testosterone (10μM). On the other hand, however, testosterone reduced L-type Ca²+ currents significantly, and found to induce acute relaxation of seminal vesicular smooth muscle and this was mediated, at least in part, by Ca²+ current inhibition in rabbit.
최규홍,심훈범,하승호,정윤진,한우하 대한산부인과학회 1997 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.40 No.10
The intrauterine fetal death(IUFD) is the death of the fetus prior to complete expulsion or extraction from its mother when the fetus is over 20 weeks gestation or weights more than 500 gm. This is a clinical study of 262 cases of IUFD and 262 control cases among 18542 deli-veries at Chung Goo Sung Sim Hospital during 10 years from 1987 to 1996. The results obtain-ed were as follows: 1. The incidence of IUFD was 1.41%. 2. The risk of IUFD was high in women older. 3. The risk of IUFD was high in women with parity of three or more, there was a previous history of IUFD in 11.2% of the IUFD cases and in 6.3% of the control cases, but there was no difference between the two groups of women in history of spontaneous abortion. 4. The sex ratio of male versus female was 1.24:1 in the IUFD cases, 1.11:1 in the control cases. 5. The low birth weight and preterm infants were much more frequent in the IUFD cases. 6. The mode of delivery IUFD was induced labor(77.5%), laparotomy(12.2%), spontaneo- us delivery(10.3%). The indications for laparotomy were placental abruption, placenta previa, transverse lie, previous cesarean section status, cephalopelvic disproportion and uterine rupture. 7. The most common cause of IUFD was unexplained causes(45.1%). 8. There were 67 cases(25.6%) of maternal complication, and the most common complica- tion was fever(35.8%). 9. In the incidence of abnormal coagulation test, the low platelet count(<100,000/mm3) was 8.0%, the prolonged prothrombin time(>14 seconds) was 7.2%, the prolonged partial thr- omboplastin time was 1.0%, the hypofibrinogenemia(<150mg/dl) was 7.2% and the elevated fibrinogen degradation products(>40 ug/ml) was 8.4%. 10. The risk of IUFD was lowered as the number of antenatal care was increased.