일본의 외국인 노동자 수용정책 변화와 함의 : 아베정권을 중심으로

하정봉(Jung-bong Ha) 한국비교교육학회 2012 比較敎育硏究 Vol.22 No.1

The traditional policy of Japanese government on migrant workers is to exclude low-skilled or unskilled laborers and accept only high-skill laborers. But, with the inauguration of the second Abe administration in 2012, large-scale policy efforts to increase migrant workers have been undertaking. These efforts include creating new status of sojourn, extension of sojourn, promoting employment of international students, utilization of National Special Strategy Zone(deregulation zone), expanding of international technical intern training programs, establishment of Organization for Technical Intern Training. As a result, the number of foreign nationals employed in Japan surpassed 1million in 2016 for the first time. This paper examined the second Abe administration’s policy instruments to increase workers from overseas. To understand these institutional changes, this paper explored major factors that affecting recent policy shift such as rapid population aging, aggressive new growth strategy, and changes in public perceptions on acceptance of foreigners. The characteristics of Abe administration’s foreign worker acceptance were to promote the utilization of domestic potential work force. From the viewpoint of international intensifying competition to acquire foreign workers, it is necessary for Japan as well as Korea to enhance transparency and reliability of the foreign worker acceptance system while improving the settlement environment and labor situation for foreign workers.

외국인 노동인력 수용정책에 관한 한·일 비교 및 정책적 함의

하정봉 ( Jung Bong Ha ),이광원 ( Kwang Won Lee ),권경득 ( Kyung Dunk Kwon ) 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2019 국가정책연구 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 후발 이민국가라고 할 수 있는 한국과 일본의 외국인 노동자 수용정책을 체계적으로 비교하고 최근의 성과를 분석함으로써 향후 우리나라 외국인 노동자 수용정책 발전을 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 한국과 일본의 단순기능인력, 전문인력, 유학생에 관한 외국인 수용정책의 추진체계, 정책내용, 정책성과를 비교분석하였다. 정책의 추진체계에서는 정책결정구조와 함께 전반적인 정책기조를 살펴보았으며, 정책내용에서는 외국인 노동자 수용과 관련한 주요 법률 및 제도의 내용과 함께 제도 운영방식을 검토하였다. 정책성과에서는 외국인 노동자유입 규모와 외국인 수용정책의 운영개선에 대한 성과를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 비교를 통한 우리나라 외국인 노동자 수용정책 발전을 위한 정책적 함의로 정책 추진체계면에서는 외국인 노동자 유입에 대한 전략계획 수립・추진을 위한 정책기구의 위상제고와 함께 전문인력 및 고숙련 외국인 노동자들이 한국사회에 장기적 거주와 정착이 가능하도록 하는 정책기조의 필요성을 지적하였다. 정책 내용면에서는 단순기능인력에 대한 근로실태 감독강화, 외국인 노동자 상담전담기구 설치, 우수인재 유치확대를 위한 영주권 부여 확대, 유학생 취업지원 종합계획 수립 필요성을 제안하였다. 정책성과면에서는 외국인노동자 수용관련 지표개발과 활용방안 마련, 그리고 외국인 노동자 수용을 지방분권 및 규제완화 관점에서 지역별로 다르게 접근할 수 있도록 하는 방안마련을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to present policy implications for the future policy development on migrant workers in South Korea by systematically comparing South Korea with Japan. For this purpose, this study analyzed the policy promotion system aspect, policy contents aspect, and policy performance aspect between two countries on foreign worker’s acceptance. In first, the policy promotion system aspect, this study examined the overall policy direction along with decision-making structure. The contents of the policy included the system operation and contents of major laws related to the management and acceptance of foreign workers. In attempting to policy contents analyze, it was divided into non-professional manpower, professional manpower and international students. In the policy performance aspect, this study focused on the scale of foreign worker inflow, the ratio of professional foreign workers, domestic employment rate of international students and the degree of acceptance rules and institutions improvement. Through these efforts, this study suggests some meaningful policy implications for each aspect.

주민참여 인식분석과 함의: 자치위원과 일반 주민간 비교를 중심으로

하정봉 ( Jung Bong Ha ),길종백 ( Jong Baik Gil ) 동의대학교 지방자치연구소 2016 공공정책연구 Vol.32 No.2

이 논문은 지방자치의 발전 및 정당성 확보에서 주민참여가 중요하다는 점에 착목하여 일반 주민과 주민자치위원 사이의 주민참여 현황에 관한 인식차이를 비교·분석하였다. 분석을 통해 나타난 주민참여 실태를 요약하면, 참여전반에 대해 자치위원은 긍정적 인식을 나타냈지만 일반주민은 상대적으로 부정적 인식을 보였으며, 자치위원은 일반주민에 비해 주민 참여제도에 대한 이해도 및 관심이 더 높았고 지자체의 의견수렴 노력에 대해서도 보다 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 분석결과로부터 지자체 차원의 주민참여에 관해서는 다음과 같은 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 첫째, 주민참여 활성화를 위한 하나의 방안으로 주민자치위원회를 활용하는 것이 필요하며, 주민자치위원회의 권한 강화 및 책임성 확보가 이루어져야할 것이다. 둘째, 주민자치위원회와 기존의 소규모 참여모임 연계 등을 통해 주민참여의 활성화를 기대할 수 있다. 셋째, 지방자치단체는 각종주민참여제도에 대한 홍보 및 교육 등을 통해 주민들의 제도이해도를 높이는 노력이 필요하다. This paper conducted survey analysis on citizen participation in local government in view that citizen participation is essential to make local autonomy work. It surveyed 298 general citizen and members of community committee. The survey analysis shows that members of community committee have more positive perception on citizen participation situation than general citizen. Specifically, members of community committee show higher understanding and interesting on civil-participation institutions and appreciate local government``s effort to reflect citizen``s opinion compare to general citizen. Based on survey results, this study provides some suggestions in order to promote citizen participation in local level. First, it is necessary to invigorate the citizen participation by means of resident autonomous center. Second, to complement existing civil-participation institutions, community participation such as citizen cooperation and public-private partnership in neighborhood level should be activated. Third, efforts to enhance knowledge and increase the utilization of civil-participation institutions should be taken.

일본 대도시 의회제도와 의정활동 분석

하정봉(jung-bong Ha) 계명대학교 사회과학연구소 2009 한국사회과학연구 Vol.28 No.2

Just like korea, japanese local assembly is adopting presidential system and Japan also have two-tier local system consisting of prefectural and municipal governments. This study reviews institution and performance of metropolitan assembly in japan especially focusing on tokyo metropolitan assembly. Due to the special nature of the tokyo metropolis compared to other prefectures, the tokyo Metropolitan Assembly(TMA) has the largest local councillor's member and staff. Moreover, TMA keeps top-level local councillors pay. Therefore, it's expected that TMA mark high performance on local assembly's function such as representment of citizen's views, enactment of the ordinances, supervision and investigation of administrative activities. If there are low performance, we can infer the structural limitation in connection with power and function of local assembly. The results of TMA's activities analysis reveal that almost of ordinances is enacted by local government, checking function on local government is relatively weak. In accordance with the decentralization reform in intergovernmental relations, local assembly's several behavioral problems and institutional limitation should be reviewed. The suggested institutional reform principle to enhance performance of local assembly in japan is as following: First, balancing the power between mayor and assembly should be stressed. Second, chairperson of local assembly should have full discretion in operating assembly. These institutional improvement efforts give some implications for the reform of korea's local assembly which is confronted with similar problems.

중앙정부 사무의 지방이양에 대한 실태분석

하정봉(Ha Jung-Bong),소진광(So Jin Kwang) 한국도시행정학회 2007 도시 행정 학보 Vol.20 No.2

The devolution of central government's affairs to local governments started with enactment of 'the act on the promotion of devolution of centralized administrative powers to local governments' in 1999. Since then, about 1,400 affairs have been transferred to local governments by the presidential commission for the promotion of devolution for local governments up to now. But, the evaluation on the commission's efforts was conflicting and empirical analysis on the outcomes of devolution was scarcely inquired. For the purpose of overall evaluation on these efforts and outcomes of devolution, this study address 3 dimensions of devolution; the selection of affairs for transference, the management of transference process, the outcomes of devolution on the basis of surveys and interviews for central and local civil servants. The results suggest that the gap between central view points and local's on the devolution of central government's affairs to local governments is remarkable, and the improvement by devolution is confirmed both in the aspect of public responsiveness and in the aspect of administrative efficiency.

초광역지방정부체제 도입방안에 대한 연구

하정봉(Ha Jung-bong) 경기연구원 2009 GRI 연구논총 Vol.11 No.2

지방이양사무의 특성별 성과분석

하정봉(Jung Bong Ha) 한국정부학회 2008 한국행정논집 Vol.20 No.3

한 나라의 분권화 수준을 측정하는데 있어서 가장 핵심적인 요소는 중앙정부와 지방정부간의 권한배분이라고 할 수 있다. 우리나라는 1999년 「중앙행정권한의 지방이양촉진 등에 관한 법률」제정을 계기로 본격적으로 중앙행정권한의 지방이양을 추진해 오고 있는데 본 연구는 이양된 사무가 그 성격에 따라 지방자치단체 차원에서 어떤 평가를 받고 있는지에 대해 실증분석을 시도하였다. 이러한 분석을 통해 지방차원에서 이양 사무의 성격별로 파급효과가 큰 이양사무와 그렇지 못한 이양사무를 식별할 수 있었으며 다음과 같은 몇 가지 정책적 함의를 도출하였다. 첫째, 지방이양에 대한 이해도가 높고 전문성을 갖춘 영역에 우선적으로 사무기능을 이양할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 기획 혹은 집행이라는 사무성격의 구분보다는 재정적 지원여부, 상위법령의 제약여부가 실효성에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 순수 국가사무 이양기능과 기관위임사무와 같이 기 위임되었던 이양기능을 비교한 결과 순수 이양사무에 대한 평가가 보다 긍정적으로 나타나 순수 국가사무의 이양효과가 더 컸다. 넷째, 개별 이양기능별 평가에서 낮은 평가를 받은 동시에 중앙정부나 특별행정기관에서 수행해야할 사무기능이라는 응답이 많았던 사무기능에 대해서는 그 원인을 파악하고 중앙과 지방의 실효성 제고를 위한 공동노력이 이루어져야 한다. The degree of devolution of administrative powers to local government is a core index to evaluate a country`s level of decentralization. In Korea, the Act on the Promotion of Devolution of Centralized Administrative Powers to Local Governments was enacted on Jan. 1999, in order to facilitate the realization of a participatory democracy and improve the quality of administrative services by providing civilians with closer administrative services through decentralization, and to strengthen the national competitiveness through the efficient distribution of government functions. This research analyses how local government evaluate the transferred affairs from central government to local government. By doing so, this research could distinguish high efficacy affairs from low efficacy affairs according to the characteristics of affairs. Also, this research suggest some practical implications on devolution of affairs.

일본 지방자치단체 환경거버넌스 사례연구

하정봉(Jung-bong Ha) 계명대학교 사회과학연구소 2008 한국사회과학연구 Vol.27 No.1

This study searches the character of Japan's local environmental governance by case study about Kyoto-city that was the first Japanese municipality to enact a global warming countermeasures ordinance in December 2004. This Kyoto city ordinance set the goal of reducing the discharge of greenhouse gases by 10% of the 1990 levels until 2010. In theoretical perspective, local governance has many approaches which include NPM(New Public Management), administration-NPO(Non Profit Organization) and adminstration-business partnership, community or citizen's participation in government's planning and co-production processes. In case of Kyoto-city, theses comprehensive governance efforts can be found distinctly. Miyako agenda 21 forum which is participated by citizens, enterprises and local government aiming at the realization of global warming countermeasures action plan(Miyako agenda 21) has been established in 1998. And examples of the above comprehensive approaches enacted under the Miyako agenda 21 forum are KES, an environmental management standard specifically for small and medium sized enterprises, and an energy saving certification label to inform consumers of a product's energy saving performance. Also, Daigo community bus can be operated by citizen and agenda 21 forum's co-work which is expected to rehabilitate community and reduce traffic. The case of Kyoto-city on environmental governance suggests that the comprehensive governance competence of local government might be an important factor for effective environmental policy making as well as environmental policy implementation.

Development of nano-sized Protein-Arrays using Block Copolymer Self-Assemblies

JIN-MI JUNG(정진미),KI YOUNG KWON(권기영),TAI-HWAN HA(하태환),BONG HYUN CHUNG(정봉현),HEE-TAE JUNG(정희태) 한국생물공학회 2004 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.10

SPR Imaging and AFM Analysis of Protein G and IgG Interactions

Sun Ok Jung(정선옥),Taihwan Ha(하태환),Jeong-Min Lee(이정민),Bong Hyun  Chung(정봉현) 한국생물공학회 2005 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10