두부외상 후 장애평가 환자들의 임상적 특징 -뇌영상검사 이상유무에 따른 비교-

하강수,김상훈,김학렬,박상학,표경식,조용래,Ha, Kang-Su,Kim, Sang-Hoon,Kim, Hack-Ryul,Park, Sang-Hag,Pyo, Kyung-Sik,Cho, Yong-Rae 한국정신신체의학회 2001 정신신체의학 Vol.9 No.1

연구목적 : 두부외상 후 장애평가를 받기 위해 정신과에 입원했던 환자들의 뇌 영상검사 이상유무에 따른 인구 통계학적 특성, 정신의학적 증상, 두부외상형태, 임상 심리학적 특성 등을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1994년 1 월부터 1998년 12월까지 두부외상 후 장애 평가 목적으로 조선대학교병원 정선과에 입원한 환자 중 뇌 영상검사를 실시한 59명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 병록기록지와 장애 평가서를 근거로 하여 뇌 영상검사 이상소견이 있는 27명의 환자군과 이상소견이 없는 32명의 환자군 사이의 임상적 특정을 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 뇌 영상검사에 이상소견이 있는 환자군(병변군)은 이상소견이 없는 환자군에 비해 나이가 더 많았으며, 학력은 더 낮았다. 정신의학적 증상측면에서, 병변군은 수상 후 정신증 발생빈도가 유의하게 높았으며 식욕 감퇴, 허무사고, 기억력 감퇴소견이 더 많았다. 그러나 환청의 빈도는 오히려 더 적었다. 두부외상형태에서 병변군은 수상시 뇌출혈, 뇌수술빈도가 유의하게 더 높게 나타났다. 임상심리학적 검사에서 병변군은 BGT상 이상소견이 유의하게 더 많았고, 지능검사에서는 공통성문제와 토막짜기에서 더 낮은 점수를 받았으며, MMPI 검사에서는 F척도, 건강염려증척도, 우울증척도 히스테리척도, 반사회성척도, 정신쇠약증척도, 정신분열증척도등에서 유의하게 더 낮았다. 결론 : 수상시 뇌출혈이 있고 뇌수술을 받았던 환자에서 뇌 영상검사 이상소견의 빈도가 많았고, 인지증상과 정서증상을 더 많이 호소하였다. 뇌 영상검사 이상소견이 있는 환자군은 추상적 개념형성과 지각적 조직화능력이 떨어지고, MMPI 하위척도들에서 전반적으로 더 낮은 점수를 받았다. Objectives : This study was undertaken to identify the clinical and psychological characteristics in patients of mental disability assessment following traumatic brain injury who had the finding with or without abnormal brain imaging study. Methods : A consecutive series of 59 patients were assessed in hospital from January 1994 to December 1998. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on normal or abnormal brain imaging and the two groups were compared in demographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, type of head injury, clinical psychological findings. There were 27 patients with abnormal findings and 32 with normal findings in brain imaging study. Results : Abnormal finding group in brain imaging study had significantly higher incidence of psychosis, decreased memory, decreased appetite, increased nihilistic idea, and intracranial hemorrhage. Also, abnormal finding group showed significantly lower level of performance on the block design subtest of K-WAIS and had significantly lower scores on F, hypochodriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, psychasthenia and schizophrenia subscale of the MMPI. Conclusion : The findings suggest that the patients undergone brain surgery due to intracranial hemorrage at that time of brain injury may have higher frequency of abnormal findings in brain imaging study, complain more cognitive and affective symptoms, and have lower the abstract concept formation and perceptual organization abilities.

창의적 체험활동의 현재와 미래에 대한 초등교사 인식 연구

하강수,장인실 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2018 교육논총 Vol.38 No.1

교사들은 창의적 체험활동에 대하여 다양한 인식을 가지고 있으며, 이러한 인식은 교사들의 창의적 체험활동 운영에 영향을 주게 된다, 본 연구는 초등교사의 창의적 체험활동에 대한 현재와 미래 인식을 은유 방법을 활용하여 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 경기도 초등교사 100명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, Schmitt의 체계적 은유분석방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 다음과 같은 특징들이 나타났다. 첫째, 초등교사의 창의적 체험활동에 대한 인식을 분석한 결과, 현재에는 선택(21%)의 범주가, 미래에는 성장(23%)의 범주가 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 둘째, 현재와 미래에 공통적으로 강조되고 있는 영역은 교과와 창의적 체험활동을 연계하는 연결의 범주로 드러났다. 셋째, 창의적 체험활동에 대한 부정적인 인식에 있어 현재에는 허울, 혼미, 제한(25%)의 범주로 나타났고, 미래에는 허울, 혼미(5%)의 범주로만 나타나 미래의 창의적 체험활동에 대하여 긍정적으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 기존에 연구된 특별?U동(2011)의 은유분석 결과와 비교해보면 선택과 핵심 등 공통적으로 발견되는 범주와 함께 현 시대적 상황에 따라 특별활동의 영역 내 조화와 상생은 교과와의 연결로, 파행은 제한으로, 휴식은 즐거움으로 재 범주화 되었다. 창의적 체험활동의 현재와 미래에 대한 초등교사 인식의 공통점과 차이점을 바탕으로 2015 개정 창의적 체험활동의 올바른 정착 및 실행에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다. Teachers have different perceptions of creative experiential activities, which affect the management of such activities. In this study, we used the metaphorical method to find out how elementary school teachers perceive the present and the future of creative experiential activities. For this study, we surveysed 100 elementary teachers in Gyeonggi-do. The results of a metaphor analysis showed the following characteristics. First, the category of choice (21%) and the category of growth (23%) occupied the highest percentage in the perception of the present and that of the future, respectively. Second, the areas that was emphasized for both the present and the future was the category of connection between subject and activity. Third, in the negative perception of creative experiential activities, the categories of dullness, confusion and limitation (25%) were drawn for the present, and the categories of dullness and confusion (5%) for the future. Fourth, in comparison with a metaphor analysis of extra-curriculum activities(2011), it was found that some categories such as selection and core were commonly found, and yet other categories were re-conceptualized according to the current situation(e.g., from relaxation to pleasure). Based on the commonalities and differences between elementary school teachers perceptions of the present and the future of creative experiential activities, this study suggests implications for the establishment and implementation of the 2015 revised guideline for creative experiential activities.

Suppressive Impact of Ginsenoside-Rg2 on Catecholamine Secretion from the Rat Adrenal Medulla

하강수,김기환,임효정,기영재,고영윤,임동윤 한국생약학회 2021 Natural Product Sciences Vol.27 No.2

This study was designed to characterize the effect of ginsenoside-Rg2 (Rg2), one of panaxatriol saponins isolated from Korean ginseng root, on the release of catecholamines (CA) in the perfused model of the rat adrenal medulla, and also to establish its mechanism of action. Rg2 (3~30 µM), administered into an adrenal vein for 90 min, depressed acetylcholine (ACh)-induced CA secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Rg2 also time-dependently inhibited the CA secretion induced by 3-(m-chloro-phenyl-carbamoyl-oxy)-2-butynyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (McN-A-343), 1.1-dimethyl-4-phenyl piperazinium iodide (DMPP), and angiotensin II (Ang II). Also, during perfusion of Rg2, the CA secretion induced by high K+, veratridine, cyclopiazonic acid, methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoro-methyl-phenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate (Bay-K-8644) depressed, respectively. In the simultaneous presence of Rg2 and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME), the CA secretion induced by ACh, Ang II, Bay-K-8644 and veratridine was restored nearly to the extent of their corresponding control level, respectively, compared to those of inhibitory effects of Rg2-treatment alone. Virtually, NO release in adrenal medulla following perfusion of Rg2 was significantly enhanced in comparison to the corresponding spontaneous release. Also, in the coexistence of Rg2 and fimasartan, ACh-induced CA secretion was markedly diminished compared to the inhibitory effect of fimasartan-treated alone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Rg2 suppressed the CA secretion induced by activation of cholinergic as well as angiotensinergic receptors from the perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. This Rg2-induced inhibitory effect seems to be exerted by reducing both influx of Na+ and Ca2+ through their ionic channels into the adrenomedullary cells as well as by suppressing Ca2+ release from the cytoplasmic calcium store, at least through the elevated NO release by activation of NO synthase, which is associated to the blockade of neuronal cholinergic and AT1-receptors. Based on these results, the ingestion of Rg2 may be helpful to alleviate or prevent the cardiovascular diseases, via reduction of CA release in adrenal medulla and consequent decreased CA level in circulation.

틱과 프랑스어 언어 틱

하강수 ( Kangsu Ha ),양미애 ( Miae Yang ),제레미에세트 ( Jérémie Eyssette ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2021 인문사회 21 Vol.12 No.2

인간은 언어를 효율적으로 사용할 수 있지만 언어 처리 과정에서 심리적인 여러 원인이 관여한다. 이것의 한 형태로 언어 틱을 들 수 있다. 틱은 일반적으로 먼저 나타나는 운동 틱(얼굴 찡그림, 눈 깜박임 등)과 이후에 생기는 언어(음성) 틱이 있다. 언어 틱은 큰 소리를 내지 않고 헛기침, 끙끙거리는 소리 또는 단어, 문맥을 벗어나는 문장, 저속한 언어(coprolalia) 형태까지 다양하다. 이 두 종류의 틱이 복합된 형태는 뚜렛(Tourette) 증후군이다. 반면 프랑스어에서는 언어 틱과 관련하여 다른 사회 문화적 양상이 보인다. Tic de langage(언어 틱)이라고 부르며 기계적 또는 무의식적 언어 패턴의 형태로 심리적 성향을 반영하는 반복적인 언어 습관이다. Tic de langage는 반사적, 자동적인 단순 언어 반복으로 의식적 통제가 쉽지 않고, 여러 심리적 원인을 반영한다. Tic de langage는 프랑스에서 현재 급속히 퍼지는 언어 현상으로 다소는 강박적으로 사용하며 증가하는 언어 양상 중 하나이다. 특별한 의미는 함의하지 않음에도 이것의 사용 빈도가 증가하는 이유에 대한 인간의 정신, 심리 언어 및 인지과학 등과 함께 언어의 다각적인 학제적 융합 연구가 더욱 필요하다. Humans can use language efficiently, but many psychological causes are involved in the process of language processing. Types of tics are generally motor tics that appear first (face frown, blinking eyes, etc.) and language (vocal) tics that occur later. Linguistic tics do not make a loud noise, but they can be coughing and grunting, but they vary in words, out-of-context sentences, and vulgar language (coprolalia). There is also Tourette syndrome, the form of the combination of these two ticks. On the other hand, in French, there are other socio-cultural forms related to linguistic tics. This is called Tic de lanagage and is a repetitive verbal habit that reflects psychological tendencies with a mechanical or unconscious language pattern. Tic de langage is a repetitive language habit that reflects psychological tendencies with a mechanical or unconscious language pattern. Tic de langage is a reflexive and automatic simple verbal repetition that makes conscious control difficult and reflects several psychological causes. Reflects psychological reasons. Tic de langage is one of the increasingly obsessive linguistic phenomena in France. Although it does not imply any special meaning, multidisciplinary research of language along with human mind, psychological language and cognitive science are needed for the reason for the increase in the frequency of use of this.

Gintonin facilitates catecholamine secretion from the perfused adrenal medulla

나승열,김기환,최미성,하강수,임동윤 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6

The present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of gintonin, one of components isolated from Korean Ginseng on secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused model of rat adrenal gland and to clarify its mechanism of action. Gintonin (1 to 30 μg/ml), perfused into an adrenal vein, markedly increased the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. The gintonin-evoked CA secretion was greatly inhibited in the presence of chlorisondamine (1 μM, an autonomic ganglionic bloker), pirenzepine (2 μM, a muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist), Ki14625 (10 μM, an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist), amiloride (1 mM, an inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger), a nicardipine (1 μM, a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker), TMB-8 (1 μM, an intracellular Ca2+ antagonist), and perfusion of Ca2+-free Krebs solution with 5mM EGTA (a Ca2+chelater), while was not affected by sodium nitroprusside (100 μM, a nitrosovasodialtor). Interestingly, LPA (0.3~3 μM, an LPA receptor agonist) also dose-dependently enhanced the CA secretion from the adrenal medulla, but this facilitatory effect of LPA was greatly inhibited in the presence of Ki 14625 (10 μM). Moreover, acetylcholine (AC)-evoked CA secretion was greatly potentiated during the perfusion of gintonin (3 μg/ml). Taken together, these results demonstrate the first evidence that gintonin increases the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. This facilitatory effect of gintonin seems to be associated with activation of LPA- and cholinergic-receptors, which are relevant to the cytoplasmic Ca2+ increase by stimulation of the Ca2+ influx as well as by the inhibition of Ca2+ uptake into the cytoplasmic Ca2+ stores, without the increased nitric oxide (NO). Based on these results, it is thought that gintonin, one of ginseng components, can elevate the CA secretion from adrenal medulla by regulating the Ca2+ mobilization for exocytosis, suggesting facilitation of cardiovascular system. Also, these findings show that gintonin might be at least one of ginseng-induced hypertensive components.