데이터 증강기법을 이용한 음성 위조 공격 탐지모형의 성능 향상에 대한 연구

최효정,곽일엽,Choi, Hyo-Jung,Kwak, Il-Youp 한국통계학회 2021 응용통계연구 Vol.34 No.3

본 논문에서는 음성위조공격탐지(Voice spoofing detection) 문제에 데이터 증강을 적용한다. ASVspoof 2017은 리플레이 공격 탐지에 대해 다루며 진짜 사람의 음성과 환경이나 녹음·재생 장치의 조건들을 다르게 하여 위조한 가짜 음성을 분류하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 지금까지 이미지 데이터에 대한 데이터 증강 연구가 활발히 이루어졌으며 음성에도 데이터 증강을 시도하는 여러 연구가 진행되어왔다. 하지만 음성 리플레이 공격에 대한 데이터 증강시도는 이루어지지 않아 본 논문에서는 데이터 증강기법을 통한 오디오 변형이 리플레이 공격 탐지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 탐구해본다. 총 7가지의 데이터 증강기법을 적용해보았으며 그 중 DVC, Pitch 음성 증강기법이 성능향상에 도움되었다. DVC와 Pitch는 기본 모델 EER의 약 8% 개선을 보여주었으며, 특히 DVC는 57개의 환경변수 중 일부 환경에서 눈에 띄는 정확도 향상이 있었다. 가장 큰 폭으로 증가한 RC53의 경우 DVC가 기본 모델 정확도의 약 45% 향상을 이끌어내며 기존에 탐지하기 어려웠던 고사양의 녹음·재생 장치를 잘 구분해냈다. 본 연구를 토대로 기존에 증강기법의 효과에 대한 연구가 이루어지지 않았던 음성 위조 탐지 문제에서 DVC, Pitch 데이터 증강기법이 성능 향상에 도움이 된다는 것을 알아내었다. ASVspoof 2017 deals with detection of replay attacks and aims to classify real human voices and fake voices. The spoofed voice refers to the voice that reproduces the original voice by different types of microphones and speakers. data augmentation research on image data has been actively conducted, and several studies have been conducted to attempt data augmentation on voice. However, there are not many attempts to augment data for voice replay attacks, so this paper explores how audio modification through data augmentation techniques affects the detection of replay attacks. A total of 7 data augmentation techniques were applied, and among them, dynamic value change (DVC) and pitch techniques helped improve performance. DVC and pitch showed an improvement of about 8% of the base model EER, and DVC in particular showed noticeable improvement in accuracy in some environments among 57 replay configurations. The greatest increase was achieved in RC53, and DVC led to an approximately 45% improvement in base model accuracy. The high-end recording and playback devices that were previously difficult to detect were well identified. Based on this study, we found that the DVC and pitch data augmentation techniques are helpful in improving performance in the voice spoofing detection problem.

중환자실과 응급실 간호사의 소진과 공감역량이 직무만족도에 미치는 영향

최효정,송라윤,Choi, Hyojeong,Song, Rhayun 한국중환자간호학회 2022 중환자간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the relationships of burnout and compassion competency with job satisfaction among nurses working in the intensive care units and emergency rooms. Methods : A correlational survey was conducted from August 1 to August 14, 2018 and involved in 102 nurses working at four university hospitals for more than 1 year. A structured questionnaire was used to measure burnout, compassion competency, and job satisfaction, and data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and mediation effect analysis. Results : The mean scores of burnout, compassion competency, and job satisfaction were 2.58, 4.35, and 2.95, respectively. Burnout and compassion competency along with working night shifts and a wish to transfer explained 35.3% of variance in job satisfaction. Compassion competency showed a small but significant mediating effect in the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction (indirect effect -.0446, 95% CI -.1133, -.0075). Conclusion : Burnout and compassion competency were the significant influencing factors of job satisfaction among nurses working in intensive care units and emergency rooms. Since compassion competency showed a significant mediating effect, further studies should focus on intervention strategies for compassion competency to improve job satisfaction in this population.

간호·간병통합서비스 병동 간호사의 환자안전문화인식, 감정노동, 직무스트레스가 환자안전간호활동에 미치는 영향

최효정,이윤미,박효진,Choi, Hyo Jeong,Lee, Yun Mi,Park, Hyo Jin 한국중환자간호학회 2021 중환자간호학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the effects of the awareness of patient safety culture, emotional labor, and job stress on patient safety nursing activities by comprehensive nursing care medical service ward nurses. Methods : The participants were 112 nurses from the comprehensive nursing care service wards from six hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 20.0. Results : The factors that significantly influenced patient safety nursing activities in the comprehensive nursing care medical service ward nurses included job stress (𝛽=-0.18, p<.032) and awareness of patient safety culture (𝛽=0.54, p<.001). The explanatory power of these factors was 31.0% (F=13.43, p<.001). Conclusion : This study showed that the factors that influenced patient safety management activities of comprehensive nursing care medical service ward nurses included job stress and awareness of patient safety culture.

과불화화합물 구조적 속성에 따른 흡착 특성 연구

최효정,김덕현,윤종현,권종범,김문수,김현구,신선경,박선화,Choi, HyoJung,Kim, Deok Hyun,Yoon, JongHyun,Kwon, JongBeom,Kim, Moonsu,Kim, Hyun-Koo,Shin, Sun-Kyoung,Park, Sunhwa 한국지하수토양환경학회 2021 지하수토양환경 Vol.26 No.5

Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs), an emerging environmental pollutant, are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative organic compounds that possess a toxic impact on human health and ecosystems. PFCs are distributed widely in environment media including groundwater, surface water, soil and sediment. PFCs in contaminated solid can potentially leach into groundwater. Therefore, understanding PFCs partitioning between the aqueous phase and solid phase is important for the determination of their fate and transport in the environment. In this study, the sorption equilibrium batch and kinetic experiment of PFCs were carried out to estimated the sorption coefficient(K_d) and the fraction between aqueous-solid phase partition, respectively. Sorption branches of the PFDA(Perfluoro-n-decanoic acid), PFNA(Perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid), PFOA(Perfluoro-n-octanoic acid), PFOS(Perfluoro-1-octane sulfonic acid) and PFHxS(Perfluoro-1-hexane sulfonic acid) isotherms were nearly linear, and the estimated K_d was as follow: PFDA(1.50) > PFOS(1.49) > PFNA(0.81) > PFHxS(0.45) > PFOA(0.39). The sorption kinetics of PFDA, PFNA, PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS onto soil were described by a biexponential adsorption model, suggesting that a fast transport into the surface layer of soil, followed by two-step diffusion transport into the internal water and/or organic matter of soil. Shorter times(<20hr) were required to achieve equilibrium and fraction for adsorption on solid(F₁, F₂) increased with perfluorinated carbon chain length and sulfonate compounds in this study. Overall, our results suggested that not only the perfluorocarbon chain length, but also the terminal functional groups are important contributors to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between PFCs and soils, and organic matter in soils significantly affects adsorption maximum capacity than kinetic rate.

상악 중절치의 편측성 맹출 장애 원인 및 치료

최효정,남순현,김현정,Choi, Hyojung,Nam, Soonhyeun,Kim, Hyunjung 대한소아치과학회 2018 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.45 No.3

이번 연구에서는 상악 중절치의 편측성 맹출 장애의 원인을 조사하고 매복된 치아들의 매복깊이, 매복각도, 치근발육 상태를 치과용 Cone-beam CT로 분석하여 치료방향을 예측하는데 도움이 되고자 하였다. 총 134명의 환자 중 상악 중절치의 편측성 맹출 장애로 진단된 평균연령은 7.9세였으며, 남자가 여자보다 2.1배 더 높은 빈도를 나타냈다. 맹출 장애의 주원인은 물리적 장애물로 과잉치와 치아종이 대부분을 차지하였다. 편측성 맹출 장애를 보였던 치아 중 물리적 장애물을 제거한 후, 78증례는 자발적으로 맹출하였으며 56증례는 비자발적으로 맹출하였다. 또한 편측성 매복 상악 중절치의 자발적 혹은 비자발적 맹출은 매복깊이, 매복각도, 치근발육 정도와 연관성이 있었다. 정상적으로 맹출한 치아의 매복 각도는 $50^{\circ}-90^{\circ}$ 사이였으며, 매복 상악 중절치의 자발적 맹출 빈도도 이 범위에서 가장 높았다. 또한 자발적 맹출에 걸린 시간은 매복각도와 치근 발육보다 매복깊이와 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 비자발적 맹출을 보였던 치아들 중 대부분은 교정적 견인에 의해 구강내로 맹출 되었고, 그 기간은 약 12개월 정도 걸렸으며, 교정적 견인기간은 매복깊이, 매복각도, 치근발육 정도와 통계적인 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 이번 연구의 결과들은 편측성 상악 중절치 맹출 장애의 원인과 치료에 대한 정보를 제공할 수 있었으며, 치료 결과를 제공함으로써 향후 치료계획을 세우는데 도움이 될 수 있으리라 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of eruption disturbance in the maxillary central incisor and establish the effective treatment plan by analyzing the vertical distance, angulation of long axis and root development of the tooth with eruption disturbance using the cone-beam CT. The average age of 134 patients diagnosed with unilaterally impacted maxillary central incisor was 7.9 years old and the male was 2.1 times higher than the female. The most common cause of eruption disorder was physical obstruction, especially mesiodens and odontoma. Of the teeth with unilateral eruption disorder, 78 cases erupted spontaneously and 56 cases erupted non-spontaneously after removal of physical obstruction. The possibility of spontaneous or non-spontaneous eruption in the unilaterally impacted maxillary central incisor depended on several factors, such as vertical distance, angulation of long axis and root development of unerupted tooth. The spontaneous eruption of the impacted maxillary cental incisor was most frequent at the angulation of long axis of 50 to 90 degrees, which is similar to the angulation of long axis of the normally erupted maxillary central incisor. In addition, the spontaneous eruption period of impacted maxillary central incisor was more influenced by the vertical distance than the angulation of long axis and the root development. Most of the teeth that showed non-spontaneous eruption had orthodontic traction, and these teeth were usually erupted within about 12 months. The period treated with orthodontic traction was no statistical significance with the vertical distance, the angulation of long axis, and the root development. This study will provide information on the cause of unilaterally impacted maxillary cental incisor and help to establish the future treatment plan.

인터넷 개인방송의 법적규제 및 개선방안에 관한 고찰

최효정(Choi, Hyo-Jung) 경희법학연구소 2021 KHU 글로벌 기업법무 리뷰 Vol.14 No.1

근에너지 기법의 임상적 활용에 대한 국내외 연구조사 -2000년 이후 발표된 임상 실험 논문을 중심으로-

최효정 ( Hyo Jeong Choi ),연창호 ( Chang Ho Yeon ),이상민 ( Sang Min Lee ),정석희 ( Seok Hee Chung ),김성수 ( Sung Soo Kim ) 한방재활의학과학회 2012 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives :Muscle energy techniques(MET) are used commonly for lengthening shortened musculature, improving joint function and range of motion. This article reviews articles on MET published for recent 11 years to consider effectiveness of MET. Methods :We searched Pubmed, KSI, KERIS, KMBASE, and national assembly library using “Muscle Energy Techniques” and classified the articles into subsets of posture, pain relief, increasing the range of movement, lengthening shortened muscles and inactivation of myofascial trigger points(MTrPs). Also we evaluated their values according to the Jadad Scale. Results :A total of 20 articles reconfirmed that MET reduce pain, increases range of motion(ROM), lengthens shortened muscles(especially hamstring) and inactivates MTrPs. But domestic articles scores 0 to 1 points in Jadad Scale. Researchers should make an effort to write clinically more reliable randomized controlled trials(RCTs). Conclusions :MET may be applied on various musculoskeletal problems, and further studies analysing its effect are needed.

시판 축산물가공품의 보존료 사용에 관한조사

최효정 ( Hyo Jung Choi ),홍인석 ( In Suk Hong ),최윤화 ( Yoon Hwa Choi ),이윤희 ( Youn Hui Lee ),김창기 ( Chang Gi Kim ),이덕주 ( Duck Joo Lee ),이정학 ( Jung Hark Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2007 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the sorts and the quantity of preservatives in 2,575 samples of 10 kind products which had been sold in the markets from 2004 to 2006. These analyses were done using HPLC. By the result of investigation, the most frequently detected preservative was sorbic acid in 222 cases. Detection rate of sorbic acid was 8.62%. Dehydroacetic acid(DHA) was detected in 8 cases among 36 butter samples and one of 278 sausage samples. Detection rate of DHA was 0.0035%. In detail, the detection rate was 71.5%(88/123) in dried meat, 22.2%(8/36) in processed butter, 17.3%(48/278) in sausage, 10.4%(17/163) in canned meat etc., 7.9%(49/619) in ham, 7.48%(19/254) in processed cheese and 4%(2/49) in bacon, respectively. The content range of sorbic acid and its average in each of the processed meat and milk products are as follows: ND~1.64g/㎏, 0.26 g/kg in dried meat, ND~1.34g/㎏, 0.114g/㎏ in sausage, ND~0.41g/㎏, 0.015g/㎏ in canned meat etc., ND~1.37g/㎏, 0.038g/㎏ in ham, ND~1.63g/㎏, 0.056g/㎏ in processed cheese, ND~0.57g/㎏, 0.022g/㎏ in bacon, respectively. Amount of detected DHA was less than 0.23 g/kg, and its average was 0.022 g/kg in processed butter.

미세전류치료기 전극 종류에 따른 효능 비교

최효정 ( Hyo Jeong Choi ),김성수 ( Sung Soo Kim ) 한방재활의학과학회 2013 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.23 No.3

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the most effective stimulating electrode in Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) for pain relief, and to apply to the treatment of Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). MethodsWe included 45 participants who met the inclusion criteria. DOMS of both Triceps Surae Muscles were experimentally induced through eccentric contractions. 24-hours after induction of DOMS, who scored more than 40 mm in visual analogue scale (VAS) were randomly assigned into three groups (n=44). In 15 of them, needle electrodes were inserted into BL57, BL56. In 15 of them, surface electrodes were applied on the same points and the others were treated with manual acupuncture. The effects of pain relief were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), surface electromyography (SEMG). ResultsIn VAS, group comparison had no significant difference after all treatments had done. The difference in VAS between the time before the treatment was started (Day 2) and after all treatments were completed was greater in Acupuncture group than that of needle-electrode group. In MPT, there was no significant difference among groups. Electrical contraction decreased significantly at 2nd before-after treatment comparison in needle-electrode MENS group. But fatigue scores were not significantly different between groups. ConclusionsThe results suggest that the types of electrodes has no significant effect on microcurrent therapy in DOMS. (J Korean Med Rehab 2013;23(3):107-116)

ADHD 경향 초등학생의 영어 학습에 멀티미디어 활용 수업이 미치는 효과

최효정(Choi, Hyo-jung),임정완(Lim, Jeong-Wan) 한국영어어문교육학회 2011 영어어문교육 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of multimedia-assisted language learning on vocabulary learning and attention for elementary school students who are ADHD-prone. Among thirty-three students attending a private English academy in Daegu, four students who were prone to develop ADHD were chosen for this study. They were observed in a multimedia-assisted language learning class for four months and they were given a series of tests designed to measure their attention period and vocabulary ability. The results of the study are as follows. First, studying English by using multimedia was effective in improving the attention of those children prone to develop ADHD. Second, studying English through multimedia was effective in improving their vocabulary ability. Based on the findings, some pedagogical suggestions have been made for further study.