일부 합성피혁 근로자들의 Dimethylformamide, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Toluene 노출에 따른 요중 대사물질

최호춘,김강윤,안선희,이영자,정규철 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to measure airborne dimethyl-formamide(DMF), methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) and toluene and their urinary metabolites concentrations and to determine the relationship between airborne and urinary concentration. Air-borne samples and their urinary metabolites were measured 98male workers who work for 8 synthetic leather factories in a portion of Kyoung-in area. Urine samples were collected at end-of-shift to estimate the exposure levels. 1. The concentration of airborne DMF by process was 8.81 ppm for wet-mixing, 15.05 ppm for wet-coating, 6.03 ppm for dry-mixing, 5.58 ppm for dry-coating, 5.37 ppm for printing, and 9.03 ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary NMF concentrations of wet-mixing, Wet-coasting, Dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 90.55㎎/, 79.80㎎/ℓ, 39.86㎎/ℓ, 25.23㎎/ℓ, and 38.15㎎/ℓ, respec-tively, and total geometric mean was 56.24㎎/ℓ. There was statistically significant difference by process. 2. The concentration of airborne MEK by process was 1.89 ppm for wet-mixing, 1.96 ppm for wet-coating, 10.33 ppm for dry-mixing, 29.24 ppm for dry-coating, 14.98 ppm for printing, and 4.87 ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary MEK concentrations of wet-mxing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 0.93㎎/ℓ, 0.70㎎/ℓ, 3.29㎎/ℓ, 3.29㎎/ℓ, and 1.06㎎/ℓ, res-pectively, and total geometric mean was 1.25㎎/ℓ, There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary MEK 3.The concentration of airborne toluene by process was 0.35ppm for wet-mixing, 0.42ppm for wet-coating, 2.95ppm for dry-mixing, 11.67ppm for dry-coating, 4.88ppm for printing, 1.24ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary hippuric acid concentrations of wet-mixing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 0.24g/g creatinine, 0.21g/g creatinine, 0.34g/g creatinine, 0.52g/g cre-atinine, and 0.29g/g creatinine, respctively and total geometric mean was 0.28g/g creatinine. There was statistically signifi-cant difference by process. 4. No. of exceeded KPEL was 40 workers(40.8%) for DMF(10ppm), 1 worker(1.0%) for MEK(200ppm), and no worker for toluene(100ppm). No. of exceeded KBEI was 62 workers(63.3%) for urinary NMF(40㎎/ℓ), 29 workers (29.6%) for uri-nary MEK, 1 worker(1.0%) for urinary hippuric acid. 5. The regression equations were Log(MMF)=0.4094* Log(DMF)+1.3587(r=0.4516) for DMF, Log(MEKU)=0.1859* Log(MEK)-0.0324(r=0.3303) for MEK, Log(HA)=0.2106* Log(Toluene)-0.5685 (r=4497) for toluene. Synthetic leather factory workers expose to 3 kinds of organic solvents which are DMF, MEK and toluene. Their Uri-nary NMF and MEK levels were higher than their concentration levels through respiratory. It seems that the urinary levels were affected skin absorption for working habit and alcohol intake.

태백 및 강릉지역 석탄광의 호흡성 분진과 석영농도에 관한 조사

최호춘,천용희,윤영노,김해정,Choi, Ho-Chun,Cheon, Yong-Hee,Yoon, Young-No,Kim, Hae-Jeong 대한예방의학회 1987 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.20 No.2

In order to investigate working conditions of underground coal mines, this work was undertaken to evaluate the respirable dust and the concentration of quartz in Taeback and Kangneung areas. The concentration of quartz was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry. The results were as follows; 1) The concentration of respirable dust of drilling and coal face in Taeback and Kangneung areas were as followed; Arithmetic $Mean{\pm}S.D.(mg/m^3)$ Taeback Drilling: $2.00{\pm}1.56$ Taeback Coal Face: $3.74{\pm}3.14$ Kangneung Drilling: $4.55{\pm}4.51$ Kangneung Coal Face: $5.77{\pm}4.53$ Geometric $Mean{\pm}S.D.(mg/m^3)$ Taeback Drilling: $1.34{\pm}2.81$ Taeback Coal Face : $2.55{\pm}2.61$ Kangneung Drilling : $2.44{\pm}3.63$ Kangneung Coal Face: $4.24{\pm}2.37$ 2) Distribution of respirable dust was well fitted to the log-normal distribution and geometric mean value was $log^{-1}\;0.37{\pm}log^{-1}\;0.47(2.34{\pm}2.95)mg/m^3$. 3) The difference of respirable dust concentrations in Taeback and Kangneung areas was not significant statistically (p>0.05). 4) The concentration of quartz of drilling and coal face in Taeback and Kangneung areas were as followed; Arithmetic $Mean{\pm}S.D.(%)$ Taeback Drilling: $6.18{\pm}5.52$ Taeback Coal Face: $1.89{\pm}1.54$ Kangneung Drilling: $3.54{\pm}2.12$ Kangneung Coal Face: $2.05{\pm}3.37$ Geometric $Mean{\pm}S.D.(%)$ Taeback Drilling: $4.24{\pm}2.59$ Coal Face: $1.39{\pm}2.22$ Kangneung Drilling : $2.55{\pm}3.08$ Kangneung Coal Face : $1.24{\pm}2.33$ 5) Distribution of quartz concentrations was well fitted to the log-normal distribution and geometric mean value was $log^{-1}\;0.33{\pm}log^{-1}\;0.45(2.14{\pm}2.82)%$. 6) The difference of quartz concentrations in Taeback and Kangneung areas was not significant (p>0.05), but significant at drilling sites and coal faces (p<0.05).

탄광부 진폐증자의 혈액 중 납, 철 및 아연 농도

최호춘,정호근,김해정,Choi, Ho-Chun,Chung, Ho-Keun,Kim, Hae-Jeong 대한예방의학회 1989 예방의학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in whole blood were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, using a simple one-step dilution procedure, which were measured in 3 groups, 98 officers unexposed to dust or to metal, 58 coal miners without pneumoconiosis, and 113 coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) patients. The results were as follows : 1. The precisions (C. V.%) of lead, iron, and zinc in blood were $12.65{\pm}6.95%,\;1.47{\pm}1.25%\;and\;6.35{\pm}3.34%$, respectively. 2. Lead and zinc in blood showed the log-normal distribution unlike iron in blood which showed normal distribution. 3. Lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in blood of 3 groups were follows : There was significant difference of concentration for zinc in blood by groups statistically. 4. The difference of lead, iron, and zinc concentrations in blood was not significant (p>0.05) by profusion on chest radiographs.

요중 마뇨산 정도관리 시료의 비색법과 고속액체크로마토그래프법과의 비교

최호춘,이선주,Choe, Ho-Chun,Lee, Seon-Ju 대한산업보건협회 1995 산업보건 Vol.84 No.-

무기수은 미량정량의 정도에 미치는 측정조건

최호춘,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1981 中央醫大誌 Vol.6 No.1

This study was designed to define an optimal conditions for microanalysis of inorganic mercury by dithizone calorimetric methods now in use in order to improve its sensitivity and precision of the analysis. The optimal analytical conditions so far disclosed in this experiment were as follows: The mercury-dithizonate complex was extracted with chloroform as an organic mercury dithizonate, which exhibited an absorption maximum at 490 nm. The acidic aquous solution was to be prepared to contain 0.25 N sulfuric acid, Macllvain's buffer and 40% (w/v) potassium bromide solution with ratio of 5:1:1, pH of the acidic solution was to be adjusted to 6, and the total volume of the solution was considered to be optimal in the range of 70-120ml. Although heavy metals other than mercury also formed the stable complexes with dithizone and interfered with the detection of mercury, it was demonstrated by using copper ion that the interfering effect was best controlled by 40-50% (w/v) potassium bromide solution. Application of the above mentioned standard method reduced the likelihood of expeimental errors and improved the accuracy and sensitivity of the analytical method. It was concluded that the detection range was 3-20㎍Hg, sensitivity 95-105% and precision was as low as 5% in terms of coefficient of variation.

고체상 추출과 GC/MSD를 이용한 금속가공유중 다핵 방향족 탄화수소류 및 그 유도체의 분석

최호춘,김강윤,안선희,문형중 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to confirm an analytical method for polyunclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in metalworking fluids(MWFs) which were used in metalworking factories. To ensure the analysis with accuracy and precision the fesults of PAHs in MMFs, this study was tried to use solid phase extraction(SPE) and gas chromatography/mass selective detector(GC/MSD). Also, this study was examined the concentrations of PAHs in MMF bulks and the qualitative analysis polycyclic aromatic compounds(PACs)excluding PAHs. 21 bulk samples were sampled in 7 metalworking factories. 21 bulk samples were 18 cutting oil(13 straight oils and 5 soluble oils) and 3 others(lubricating oil, discharge oil. compresses oil). 6 SPE cartridges were used to analyze PAH in MMFs and GC/MSD(satum 2000, Varian, U.S.A). Among the the 6 SPE cartridgesm this study was selected strong cation exchanger(SCX, aromatic benzene sulfonic acid functional group) cartridge for PAHs extraction in MMFs. Also the recovery test was performed. 1. The appropriated cartridge of SPE for analysis of PAHs in MWFs was found to be SCX. 2. The detected PAHs in MWFs were naphthalene(n=2). acenaphthylene(n=1). phenanthree(n=1), anthracene(n=2), fluoranthene(=7), pyrene(n=11) benzo[b]fluoranthene(n=1), chrysene(n=1), benzo[k]fluoranthene(n=1), benzo[k]fluoranthene(n=1).benzo[a]pyrene(n=1), dibenz[a,h]anthracene(n=2) and benzo[ghi] perylene(n=8). Total PAH(n=12) concentrations range were lower than LOD-270.03ug/ml. 3. The component of the PACs excluding PAHs were naphthalenes, acenaphthenes, chrysenes, anthracenes, indenes, fluoranthenes, fluorenes, pyrenes, benzopyrenes, phenantherenes and others volitile organic compounds(VOCs)were amines, phenols, aldehydes and others. For the results, SCX cartridge was better than other 5 SPE cartridges. 13 of 16 PAHs components were detected in MWFs. However recovry rate in this study should be improved analytical techniques on PAHs in MWFs. Also this study was need for further investigation for more MWFs samples and environmental monitoring and evaluation of MWFs exposed workers.

정상인과 도금업 근로자의 요 및 혈청중 크롬 및 니켈 농도

최호춘 한국산업위생학회 1995 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The exposure levels of chromium and nickel for chromeplating workers were evaluated. Chromium and nickel concentrations in urine and serum from 82 exposed workers and 69 controls, who were not exposed occupationally to metals, were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1. Chromium concentrations in urine of exposed group and control were 3.491±1.83g/g of creatinine, 5.59±2.83g/g of creatinine, and in serum were 0.69±0.30g/ℓ, 2.31±1.16g/ℓ respectively. There were significant difference of concentrations for chromium in urine and serum by group respectively. 2. Nickel concentrations in urine of exposed group and control were 0.92±0.23g/g of creatinine, 2.20±1.93g/g of creatinine, and serum concentrations were 0.52±0.34g/ℓ, 1.41 ±0.74g/ℓ respectively. There were significant difference of concentrations for nickel in serum by groups statistically. 3. Chromium and nickel concentrations in urine and serum of exposed groups were not significant by workplaces(grinding, electroplants, packaging).

불꽃원자 흡수광법에 의한요중 카드뮴 배설량 측정의 지적조건

최호춘,정규철,Choi, Ho-Chun,Chung, Kyou-Chull 대한예방의학회 1984 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.17 No.1

The optimum conditions for measuring cadmium content of less than 0.2ppm by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry were investigated. The cadmium in urine was extracted by APDC-MIBK for the analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after ashing them by a wet method. 1. Optimum conditions by APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions. The acidic aqueous solution was prepared with appropriate amount of 0.IN nitric acid, 5ml of 25% (W/V) sodium potasstum tartarate, 10ml of saturated ammonium sulfate, and 2ml of 2% APDC(or 1 ml of 5% DDTC) chelating agent. The total volume of solution was adjusted to 55 ml and pH to $2{\sim}10$ (or$7{\sim}10$). The aqueous solution was extracted with 10ml MIBK. Concentration of Triton X-100 did not effect the absorbance for APDC-MIBK extraction of cadmium, but absorbance decreased as the concentration increased for DDTC-MIBK extraction. The sensitivity and detection limits for the cadmium determination from APDC-MIBK extraction were 0.0038ppm and 0.0102, 0.0022ppm and 0.0116 for DDTC-MIBK, and 0.0132ppm and 0.0034 for 0.1N nitric acid. APDC-MIBK and DDTC-MIBK extractions were 3 times higher than 0.1N nitric acid for the sensitivity. 2. Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine by APDC-MIBK extraction. Determination of cadmium in urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of A.A. (Cd=2 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4 mA) mode and B.C. (Cd=4mA, $D_2=20mA$) mode showed some difference (p<0.05). The difference of cadmium determination and recovery according to method of standard additions and standard calibration curve method in urine was not significant (p>0.05, $93.48{\pm}11.78%,\;94.83{\pm}22.00%$). Excretion of cadmium in 24-hour urine collection from normal person and variance analysis within measurement variation was not significant (p>0.05), but between interindividual was significant (0.05). Determination of cadmium content by two different methods of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and dithizone colorimetry showed that the results from the two methods can be described by a regression line with a good correlation (y=1.0153x-0.2927, x=Cd by D.C., y=Cd by A.A.S., $r=0.8651^*$, p<0.01).

가스크로마토그래프를 이용한 일부 합성피혁업 DMF 취급근로자들의 요중 NMF 농도

최호춘,김강윤,안선희,Choe, Ho-Chun,Kim, Gang-Yun,An, Seon-Hui 대한산업보건협회 2001 산업보건 Vol.160 No.-

간섭식 적외선 분광기에 의한 태백지역 석탄광의 호흡성 분진 중 석영, 운모 및 장석의 정량분석

최호춘,천용희,김해정,이정주,Choi, Ho-Chun,Cheon, Yong-Hee,Kim, Hae-Jeong,Lee, Jeong-Joo 대한예방의학회 1988 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.21 No.2

A Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of quartz, mica(sericite) and feldspar(potassium feldspar) in respirable dust in Taebaek area. The results were as follows; 1) The concentration of minerals were determined from the intensity of absorption peak of quartz at $799cm^{-1}$, sericite at $539cm^{-1}$, and potassium feldspar at $648cm^{-1}$ respectively. 2) The precision(C. V. %) for the quartz determination was $7.70{\pm}2.68%$ from 10 to $200{\mu}g$ of quartz. 3) The precision for the sericite determination was $16.34{\pm}6.82%$ from 30 to $500{\mu}g$ of serictite. 4) The precision for the potassium feldspar determination was $5.28{\pm}1.74%$ from 30 to $500{\mu}g$ of potassium feldspar. 5) The concentration of respirable dust in Taebaek area was $4.90{\pm}3.29mg/m^3$ (0.4-93.7%), percent quartz was $1.80{\pm}4.14%$ (0.01-20.56%), percent sericite was $11.37{\pm}6.43%$ (0.00-29.69%), percent potassium feldspar was 8.15% (n=7, 3.41-19.70%). 6) The difference of respirable coal dust, quartz, and sericite concentrations in drilling, coal cutting, hauling and seperating was significant respectively (p<0.05).