사진을 이용한 은행 전단의 변천

최창화 한국사진학회 2000 AURA Vol.7 No.1

In today's information age, it must be recognized that design itself has played a role in bringing advertising to life. Visual imagery facilitates absolute communication; it is a tool that can be subtly and cooperatively employed. Ideally, they allow an object to rise above a mere depiction. Therefore, if we examine the evolution of concept and form in bank leaflets, we note substantial change from the 1960s, when banks first began advertising, to the current period when computer and printing technology has progressed tremendously. The 1960s witnessed an explosion of advertisements for banks, although advertising, itself, was in its early stages, with the exception of a few commercial photographers. By the 1980s banks began to take an active interest in the packaging of their image, and about this time most banks adopted the 'Corporate Identity Process'. Leaflets fulfilled their primary role while also contributing to the effective promotion of a company's image by use of distinctive design. While computer and printing technology continues to improve, the digital camera has already paved the way for enhanced color materialization and epoch-making photographic imagery. The future of photography in advertising design may reveal a myriad of potential applications.

국소 뇌외상에 의한 뇌부종의 실험적 연구

최창화,이영우 대한신경외과학회 1984 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.13 No.1

This study was undertaken to identify acute changes and mechanism of traumatic brain edema in the rabbit by measuring the regional specific gravities and water content with Evans blue dye staining. After delivery of brain injury on the frontal area, animals were sacrificed at 30 minutes, 2,4 and 6 hours. Specific gravity data collection of regional brain tissue was taken in the serial copper sulfate gravity solution. The regions tested included frontal lobe, occipital lobe, basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons and medulla. Specific gravity data and Evans blue dye staining with spread were compared with those from similar areas in the uninjured anesthetized rabbits to test for brain edema. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Immediately following brain impact, almost all animals in this study demonstrated temporary respiratory arrest. The mean duration of respiratory arrest in experimental animals was 15±3 seconds. There was no correlation between length of respiratory arrest and either gross intracranial pathology or brain edema data. 2) The specific gravities in both hemispheres were same in control animals and were not affected by the duration of anesthesia. 3) Significant decrease of specific gravity was identified in the both supratentorial regions at 30 minutes, 2 and 4 hours after trauma. This finding was more prominent in the contused side. No significant changes occurred in the cerebellum but significant decrease of specific gravity occurred in medulla at 6 hours. 4) Almost brain water content was increased as the time course and arrived on peak value at 4 hours and decreased at 6 hours after trauma in the supratentorial regions. 5) Evans blue dye staining occurred in the contusion area at 30 minutes after trauma and spread to surrounding cortex and subcortex but dye density was decreased with time. These results suggest that traumatic brain edema may originate from vasogenic mechanism due to dysfunction of blood-brain barrier and this edema may spread to both cerebral hemispheres and brain stem.

Hospice지 창간을 축하하면서

최창화,이소우,Choe, Chang-Hwa,Lee, So-U 한국가톨릭호스피스협회 1992 호스피스 Vol.1 No.-

후두와 뇌경막외혈종

최창화 釜山醫師會 1987 釜山醫師會誌 Vol.23 No.11

척추경나사못을 이용한 척추체전전위의 정복 및 고정

최창화 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.5

There were many methods to treat spondylolisthesis since the past but completely satisfiable method was not developed until now. Recently, many spinal instruments were introduced and used worldwidely to treat spondylolisthesis. The author reports the experience of nine patients of transpedicular screw instrumentation to obtain reduction and fixation of the spondylolisthesis. Follow-up period was between 7 to 33 months after operation with average 19 months. The result was as follows : 1) The age of the patients was 46 years in average ranging from 29 to 61 years. 2) Types of spondylolisthesis were isthmic type in 6 cases and degenerative type in 3 cases. The level of lesion were L4-5 in 5 cases. L5-S1 in 3 cases and L3-4 in 1 case. 3) Preoperative clinical feature include low back pain(100%), sensory disturbance(78%), radiating pain(67%), neurologic claudication(56%). 4) The amount of displacement measured by Boxall was 22.6% preoperatively to 7.3% postoperatively and the amount of angle by Meschan was from 12.7 degree preoperatively to 4 degree postoperatively. 5) Postoperative complications were urinary tract infection(3 cases), screw loosening(1 case), superficial wound infection(1 case), deep wound infection(1 case), and meralgia paresthetica(1 case). 6) The overall result was satisfactory except 1 case due to screw loosening, and satisfiable bony fusion was obtained except 1 case.

원발성 뇌실내출혈의 임상분석

최창화 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2002 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.11

在日本 韓人들의 歷史, 現況 및 將來問題 /

최창화 大邱大學校 東西歐問題硏究所, 1993 歐洲論叢 Vol.7 No.-

노인환자에서 흉요추부 압박골절의 임상분석

최창화,김정호 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2007 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.21

Objective: Compression fracture of the vertebral body is common, especially in the elderly patients. Osteoporosis is one of the main risk factor of vertebral compression fracture. Traditional conservative treatment includes bed rest, pain control, and physical therapy. But, interventional procedure such as vertebroplasty can be considered in those who do not respond to conservative therapy. We report our experiences about vertebral compression fracture in the elderly patients. Material and Methods: We reviewed the clinical and radiologic data in 33 patients with symptomatic compression fracture of the vertebral body from January 2001 to December 2004. They have categorized into three groups determined by age(group A 50-59, group B 60-69, group C more than 70). Group A were 5, Group B were 13, Group C were 15. Bone mineral densitometry was performed in all patients. The ratio of height loss in compression fracture of the vertebral body was calculated in all patients. Percutaneous vertebroplasty was used in 13 patients(l group A and 6 group Band 6 group C). The remaining 20 patients received conservative treatment. The mean follow-up period was 12 months(from 6 to 27). Results: The most common cause of fracture was slip down and the most common site of vertebral compression was T12 in women and Ll in men. Mean T score of bone mineral density(BMD) was measured -1.58 in group A(range 0~-2.8), -2.65 in group B(- 1.0~-3.8), and -2.88 in group C(-1.3~-4.6). The mean ratio of height loss in compression fracture of the vertebral body was calculated 21.54% in group A, 29.81% in group B, and 33.91% in group C at initial diagnosis. Their mean increasing ratio of height in the vertebral body was 0.95% in group A, 2.12% in group B, and 2.81 % in group C who performed percutaneous vertebroplasty, but mean increasing ratio was 4.14% in group A, 6.07% in group B, and 12.21% in group C who did not performed percutaneous vertebroplasty. In the follow-up study, degree of decrease in back pain showed better results in patients with vertebroplasty than in patients with conservative treatment. Conclusion: Thoracolumbar compression fracture is common in the elderly patients with osteoporosis. The vertebral BMD was decreased as patients grew older. The lower T score of BMD were, the more increased height loss ratio of vertebral body was. The height loss ratio of vertebral body was more increased in patients without percutaneous vertebroplasty than in patients with it. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a valuable procedure to prevent progression of height loss in the treatment of vertebral body compression in the eldely patients.

외상성 뇌실내출혈에 대한 임상분석

최창화 釜山醫師會 1990 釜山醫師會誌 Vol.26 No.3

뇌실질내출혈을 동반한 중대뇌동맥류 파열 환자의 예후 인자

최창화 釜山醫師會 2001 釜山醫師會誌 Vol.37 No.10