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니클라스 루만의 '체계이론'과 그 교육학적 수용의 문제
최재정 교육철학회 2003 교육사 교육철학 Vol.29 No.-
Die 'Systemtheorie', die indieser Abhandlung den Gegenstand ausmacht, ist eine Denkungsart, die seit den 60er, aber hautsa¨achlich 70er Jahren von Niklas Luhmann vertreten wurde und vom Geburt an einen groβen Wirkungskreis gebildet hat und mittlerweile in der wissenschaftlicehen Bereiche den Stellenwert als einer sog. "Supertheorie' genieβt. N. Luhmann schrieb mit seinem Kollegen Karl-Eberhard Schorr 1979 sein pa¨dagogisches Opus Magnum <Reflexionsprobleme im Erziehungssystem>. Der unvera¨nderte,nurmit einem zusa¨tzlichen Nachwort versehene Nachdruck des Buches 1988 zeigt, daβ Luhmann im wesentlichen seine Analyse des Erziehungssystems bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt zutreffend betrachtete. Die Ansicht, die er in seiner Schriften verterten hatte, fu¨hrte sie damals zur heftigen Auseinandersetzung mit den Erziehungswissenschaftlern o¨ffentlich in <Zeistchrift fu¨r Pa¨dagogik> und auch wa¨hrend einer Tagung. Die Konfrontation der Pa¨dagogik bzw. Erziehungswissenschaft mit der Systemtheorie markiert im positivsten Sinne einen weiteren Schritt auf dem Weg won der 'Allgemeine Pa¨dagogik' zur Sozialwissenschaft. Im groβen und ganzen wurde Luhmanns und Schorrs Position Jedoch im erziehungswissenschaftlichen Gebiet andererseits als eine 'freche Provokation' ausgelegt, was daru¨berhinaus Pa¨dagogik als ein wissenschaftliches Fachgebiet sogar zur schweren Identita¨tskrise fu¨hrte. In dieser Abhandlung ging es um die eben genannten Auseinandersetzungen zwischen N. Luhmann und Wissenschaftlern im Bereich der Erziehung und Pa¨dagogik und die Wirkungsgeschichte Lumannscher Systemtheorie auf dieselben Bereich. Um auf diese Thematik na¨her einzugehen, wurden drei Gesichtspunkte wie folgt behandelt. Erstens, wurden der Grundgedanke von Luhmans Systemtheorie dargestllt, indem hauptsa¨chlich die grundlegende Begriffe in seiner Theorie behandelt werden. Zweitens, wurde das Verha¨ltnis von 'Systemtheorie' und Erziehungswissenschaft in zweierlei Hinsicht gekla¨rt. Einerseits wurden die Kritikpunkte, wo sich Luhmann hinsichtlich der 'Defizit' in der Erziehungswissenschaft befunden hatten, behandelt und ihre Auffassung u¨ber Erziehung als ein System in der Gesellschaft, die theoretische Stellungnahme der Erziehungswissenschaft in seiner ganzen Gedanken. Andererseits wurde sich mit der Rezeptionsgeschichte von seiten der Pa¨dagogen befaβt. Zum Schluβ wurden Jene Einschra¨nkungen und Ma¨ngeln gekla¨rt und kritisiert, die Luhmannsche Systemtheorie unvermeidlich in sich enthalten muβ und besonders dann gefa¨hrlich werden kann, wenn man sie in die Erziehungswissenschaft, wo es gerade um Bildung und Erziehung des Menschenwesens geht, importieren soll.
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최재정,강봉주,차은숙,김성헌,이지혜,제수경,박용구,정승희,임현우 대한영상의학회 2010 대한영상의학회지 Vol.62 No.6
Purpose: To retrospectively compare the MRI findings of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and contrast-enhanced imaging (CEI) of breast lesions. Materials and Methods: From June 2005 to June 2007, 159 patients with 159 biopsy-proven breast lesions underwent breast MRIs including DWI and CEI. Two breast imaging radiologists reviewed the MRI findings by consensus for the presence of a high signal intensity on DWI and enhancement on CEI. The MRI findings and concordance of DWI and CEI findings were correlated with the pathologic diagnosis. Results: Of the 159 lesions 141 were malignant and 18 were benign. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI for detecting breast cancer was 96.5% (135/141) and 21.4% (5/18), respectively, compared to CEI, whose detection rate was 99.3% (140/141) and 33.3% (6/18), respectively. Larger lesions (> 1 cm) were more frequently detected by DWI. Of the enhanced malignancy, 96.4% (135/140) showed high signal intensity on DWI. The concordance of DWI and CEI findings in malignant lesions was significantly higher than benign lesions (95.7% vs. 61.1%, p<0.0001). Conclusion: High signal intensity on diffuse-weighted MRI shows a high degree of sensitivity for detecting breast cancer. 목적: 유방의 양성 및 악성 병변에서 확산강조영상과 조영증강영상의 소견을 비교하였다. 대상과 방법: 2005년 6월부터 2007년 6월까지 본원에서 조직 확진된 159명 환자의 159개 유방 병변을 대상으로 하였다. 환자는 모두 확산강조영상과 조영증강영상을 포함한 유방 자기공명영상을 시행하였다. 두 명의 유방영상 전문의가 확산강조영상에서 병변의 고신호 유무와 조영증강영상에서 조영증강 유무를 합의로 결정하였고, 조영증강과 고신호 소견 유무가 일치하는 경우 일치한다고 정의하였다. 유방암에 대한 두 영상 소견의 민감도, 특이도를 비교하였다. 악성과 양성 병변 각각에서 두 영상의 소견의 일치율의 차이가 있는지 보았다. 결과: 159개 병변은 141개 악성 병변과 18개 양성 병변이었다. 확산강조영상의 민감도, 특이도는 각각 96.5%(135/141), 27.8%(5/18), 조영증강영상은 각각 99.3%(140/141), 33.3%(6/18)였다. 확산강조영상의 민감도는 크기 1 cm 이상 병변(97.7%)일 때 1 cm 미만 병변(84.6%)에 비해서 높았다. 조영증강 된 악성 병변의 96.4%(135/140)가 확산강조영상에서 고신호였다. 악성 병변이 양성 병변보다 두 영상 소견 일치율이 높았다(95.7% vs. 61.1%, p < 0.0001). 결론: 확산강조영상은 유방 병변의 발견에 민감도가 높은 검사로 유방암 발견에 도움이 될 수 있다.
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CT 달무리 징후를 보인 폐 상피양 혈관내피종: 1예 보고
최재정,박현진,임수아,박석희,이교영 대한영상의학회 2007 대한영상의학회지 Vol.57 No.4
Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (PEH) is a rare low-grade malignant vascular tumor of minimal clinical expression in young women. Bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules, up to 2 cm in size, are typical CT findings. We describe an atypical case of PEH with a fatal outcome in a 65-year-old male, showing multiple pulmonary nodules with a typical CT halo sign by pulmonary hemorrhage. 폐 상피양 혈관내피종(Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma)은 낮은 악성도를 보이는 드문 혈관성 종양으로, 무증상의 젊은 여성에서 우연히 발견되는 경우가 많다. 전형적으로 전산화단층촬영(CT)에서 양측 폐의 다발성 폐결절로 보이며, 이때 결절들은 대개 2 cm 이하의 크기이다. 저자들은 객혈을 주소로 내원하여 빠른 경과진행으로 사망하였던 65세 남자 환자의 전산화단층촬영(CT)에서 다발성 폐결절과 함께 폐출혈로 인한 특징적인 CT 달무리 징후를 보였던 비전형적인 폐 상피양 혈관내피종의 증례를 경험하였기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.
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최재정,김성헌,강봉주,송병주 한국유방암학회 2016 Journal of breast cancer Vol.19 No.4
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the detectability and usefulness of automated whole breast ultrasound (AWUS) and to compare it with handheld breast ultrasound (HHUS) in cases with suspicious microcalcifications identified by mammography. Methods: Forty-two patients with 43 suspicious microcalcifications (25 malignant and 18 benign) detected by mammography underwent AWUS, HHUS, and histologic examination. With knowledge of the mammographic findings, HHUS was performed to assess the visibility of the microcalcifications and the presence of associated masses or ductal changes. Two radiologists reviewed the AWUS images in consensus using the same methods employed for HHUS. Detectability of AWUS was compared with that of HHUS and was correlated with histologic and mammographic findings. Results: Of the 43 lesions, 32 (74.4%) were detectable by AWUS and 31 (72.1%) by HHUS. No significant differences in sensitivity were found between the two methods (p=0.998). AWUS detected 96% (24/25) of malignant microcalcifications and 44.4% (8/18) of benign microcalcifications. AWUS was more successful in the detection of malignant vs. benign lesions (96.0% vs. 44.4%, p=0.002), lesions >10 mm vs. ≤10 mm in size (86.7% [26/30] vs. 46.2% [6/13], p=0.009), lesions with a fine pleomorphic or linear shape vs. a round or amorphous or coarse heterogeneous shape (94.7% [18/19] vs. 58.3% [14/24], p=0.021), and lesions associated with a mass or architectural distortion vs. without obvious changes on mammography (100% [19/19] vs. 54.2% [13/24], p=0.022). Conclusion: Detectability of AWUS was comparable to that of HHUS in cases where suspicious microcalcifications were identified on mammography. Therefore, AWUS might be helpful in the performance of ultrasound-guided percutaneous procedures for highly suspicious microcalcifications.
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