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저장성 용액에 노출된 햄스터 난자에 관찰되는 이온전류의 변화
최원영,김양미,한재희,허일오,박춘옥,홍성근,류판동,김종수,Choi, Won-yeong,Kim, Yang-mi,Haan, Jae-hee,Huh, Il-oh,Park, Choon-ok,Hong, Seong-geun,Pyu, Pan-dong,Kim, Jong-shu 대한수의학회 1996 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.36 No.2
Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are usually disclosed by exposure of cell to anisotonic media. If a cell is suddenly exposed to hypotonic media, it swells initially like an osmometer but within minutes regains its original cell volume. This behavior has been labelled as regulatory cell volume decrease(RVD). RVD is believed to result from the loss of permeable ions through the membrane. In this study, we examined hypotonically induced changes in the membrance currents involved in RVD by using whole cell voltage clamp technique in the unfertilized hamster egg. At -40mV of the holding potential, the stationary current was maintained in the hamster egg exposed to isotonic solution composed of, mainly, 115mM NaCl and 40mM mannitol. Hypotonic solution was prepared by removing mannitol. Therefore, the concentrations of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ in this hypotonic media were the same as those in the isotonic solution. Following 30 to 60 sec after applying the hypotonic media to the egg, the inward current was evoked. This inward current was eliminated by $100{\mu}M$ 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostil-bene-2,2'-disulfonic acid(SITS), an anion channel blocker, leaving the small outward current component. Further addition of 2mM $Ba^{2+}$, a broad $K^+$ channel blocker, completely abolished the small outward current left even in the presence of SITS during hypotonic stress. These results suggest that $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ move out of cells, resulting in RVD. To test the involvement of $Na^+$ in RVD, 20mM Na-isethionate was substituted for mannitol in isotonic media(135mM $Na^+$) and Na-isethionate (20mM) was freed the hypotonic solution. Only $Cl^-$ concentration in both isotonic and hypotonic media was kept constant at 115mM, whereas concentration of $Na^+$ was lowered in hypotonic solution to 115mM from 135mM in isotonic solution. Hypotonic medium induced the outward current in the egg equilibrated isotonically. This current was reduced by $100{\mu}M$ SITS but was augmented by 2 mM $Ba^{2+}$. In terms of RVD, these results imply that $Cl^-$ efflux is coupled with $K^+$, maybe for electroneutrality during hypotonic stress and/or with $Na^+$ via unknown transport mechanism(s). From the overall results, the hypotonic stress facilitates the movement of $Cl^-$ and $K^+$ out of the hamster egg to regain cellular volume with electroneutrality. If there exist a difference in $[Na^+]_0$ between isotonic and hypotonic solution, another transport mechanism concerned with $Na^+$ may, at least partly, participate in regulatory volume decrease.
가속도 측정에 있어 고주파 잡음 제거를 위한 기계적 필터의 재료 특성에 관한 연구
최원영(Won-Yeong Choi),유승열(Seong-Yeol Yoo),차기업(Ki-Up Cha),김성수(Sung-Soo Kim),노명규(Myounggyu Noh) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11
When we analyze signal data, we use many techniques such as fast fourier transform method, low pass filtering, and so on. However, if noise signals of big amplitude are measured with the data signal, then the information in the measured signal may not be analyzable. The mechanical filter can be used to filter out signals of big amplitude. In this paper, we studied characteristics of some materials for the mechanical filter using accelerometer. We described general transfer function form of mechanical filter and measured transfer function of some materials for the filter.
가속도 측정에 있어 고주파 잡음 제거를 위한 기계적 필터의 재료 특성에 관한 실험적 연구
최원영(Won-Yeong Choi),유승열(Seong-Yeol Yoo),차기업(Ki-Up Cha),김성수(Sung-Soo Kim),노명규(Myounggyu Noh) 대한기계학회 2011 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.35 No.7
포신과 같은 충격하중을 받는 파이프 형태의 구조물 진동을 측정하기 위해 가속계가 널리 사용된다. 포약의 폭발로 인해 발생하는 응력파는 포신의 횡진동에 미미한 영향을 미치지만 매우 큰 가속도 성분을 가지고 있어 미세 진동의 계측을 어렵게 한다. 기계적 필터는 가속도계를 부착하는 기계적 구조물과 진동감쇠재료로 구성되어, 고주파의 응력파를 제거하고 횡진동에 관련된 가속도 성분만을 가속도계로 전달하는 역할을 한다. 진동감쇠재료는 비선형성이 강하여 수학적 모델링이나 수치적 해석에 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 9 가지의 진동감쇠재료의 진동특성을 실험적으로 확인하여, 기계적 필터에 가장 적합한 재료를 선택하였다. 또한, 압착에 따른 진동특성의 변화를 통해, 기계적 필터의 설계 데이터를 얻을 수 있었다. 기계적 필터를 설계 제작하여, 필터의 성능을 확인하였다. Accelerometers are widely used to measure the lateral vibrations of pipe-like structures such as a gun tube under impulse loads. Stress waves that precede the lateral vibrations due to the explosion within a gun contribute little to the vibrations, but saturate the accelerometer input. A mechanical filter eliminates this high-frequency stress wave and only transmits the signal corresponding to the lateral vibrations. The mechanical filter consists of a mechanical structure for mounting the accelerometers and a damping material. The low-pass filter characteristics are determined from the equivalent damping and stiffness property of this damping material. In this paper, we tested nine commercially available damping materials for their vibration characteristics by using a test rig. We also observed the change in the vibration characteristics while compressing the material. We designed and manufactured a mechanical filter and verified its filtering performance.
연속적 역변환이 가능한 힘 모델을 이용한 환형권선 셀프베어링 BLDC 모터의 부상 제어기 구현
최원영(Won-yeong Choi),최정규(Jung-kyu Choi),노명규(Myounggyu Noh) 대한기계학회 2013 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.37 No.7
셀프베어링 모터는 하나의 자기 구동기(magnetic actuator)로 회전 구동과 자기부상을 동시에 구현한 전동기로 베어링리스모터 혹은 베어링 내장 모터로 불리기도 한다. 셀프베어링 모터에서 자기부상제어를 구현하기 위해 부상력과 제어전류 간의 모델을 역변환하여야 하는데, 힘-전류 간의 모델을 결정하는 변환행렬이 정방행렬이 아니며, 의사역행렬(pseudo-inverse) 또한 회전자의 각도에 따라 특이점을 가지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 힘-전류 모델에 제한조건을 추가하여 연속적 역변환이 가능한 새로운 방법을 제시하고, 역변환 행렬을 해석적으로 구하였다. 연속적 역변환을 이용한 부상제어기를 구현하여 안정적 부상제어가 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 힘-전류 모델에 추가한 제한조건으로 상전류의 총합이 0 을 유지하여 전류에 의한 고정자 자속밀도를 제거함으로써, 이전 연구에서의 자기포화 문제를 근본적으로 해결하였다. A self-bearing is an electric machine that achieves both rotational actuation and magnetic levitation using a single magnetic structure. To be able to stably levitate the rotor in a self-bearing, one needs to have an inverse of the force-current model. However, the force-current model in a self-bearing motor is typically not square. Furthermore, the elements of the matrix vary with respect to the rotational angle, resulting in singularities of the pseudo-inverse at various angles. In this paper, we propose a new force-current model that eliminates the singularities by adding a constraint in coil currents. This constraint eliminates the flux density in the stator core so that the saturation problem in the previous study is avoided. By implementing this force-current model, we are able to implement a levitation controller for a toroidally-wound self-bearing BLDC motor. The model inversion and levitation are validated experimentally.