Disciplinary Sport History : 선사시대 인류의 신체발달에 대한 이론적 모델

최영덕,유권재 ( Young Douk Choi,Kwon Jae Yoo ) 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.1

SSP 주파수 진폭변조가 Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide와 $\beta$-endorphin, cGMP에 미치는 영향

최영덕,심규리,장문경,Choi Young-duk,Shim Kyu-Rhee,Chang Moon-kyung 대한물리치료학회 2002 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a very potent dilatator and a nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the peripheral and the central nervous systems. The mechanisms of action of VIP were examined in aortic circular and in uterine longitudinal smooth muscle strips of the rat. The effects of sympathetic neurotransmitter were investigated in gastric and aortic circular muscle strips of the mouse and the rat. The effects of silver spike point, SSP, low frequency electrical stimulations of VIP, sympathetic neurotransmitter and $\beta$-endorphin were examined in plasma, serum and 24h urine from the healthy volunteer. In gastric smooth muscle strips from the mouse, adrenergic neurotransmitter norepinephrine was inhibitory effected, followed by caused phasic and tonic contraction to the, muscrine receptor agonist carbachol and acetylcholine, respectively. In urine from the healthy volunteer, both norepinephrine and epinephrine were significantly decreased in continue type and low frequency (3 Hz) of SSP electrical stimulations. The contractile responses to S-HT in uterine longitudinal smooth muscle strips of the rats were completely decreased by a VIP 1 $\mu$M. The contractile responses to PGF2$\alpha$ were not decreased by a VIP. In plasma and serum from the healthy volunteer, both VIP and $\beta$-endorphin were significantly increased in continue type and low frequency (3 Hz) of SSP electrical stimulations. Therefore, this study demonstrate that VIP has the capacity to relax vascular or gastric smooth muscles in part by stimulating the generation of NO, and silver spike point low frequency electrical stimulation has the capacity both to decrease sympathetic neurotransmitters and to increase VIP, $\beta$-endorphin.

스포츠 經營管理의 實務 樣相에 關한 考察

崔英德,丁泳權 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1995 體育硏究 Vol.- No.8

The purpose of this study was to provide practical recommendations for effective administration and management of sports related business organization. Based upon this study, the followings were speculated 1. The administrators should be familiar with business of sports. And, thus, it was desirable that sports organization should be a mechanical and interrelated structure in order to produce an effective administrator. 2. The process, rather than the outcoms, should be emphasized for effective decision - making, readership, and communication. 3. The one - track administration would be one of the most effective structures for efficient management of finance. 4. Some considerations should be given to liability for sports related accidents.

세계 축구 전술 SYSTEM 변화에 따른 관람객의 숫적 변화 분석

최영덕,최만희 한국스포츠산업경영학회 1997 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구는 1998년 프랑스 월드컵 축구대회와 다가올 2002년 월드컵 국내 개최로 인하여 국민들의 관심이 집중되고 있는 현실에서 축구 팬들에게 System의 발전과정의 장,단점을 살펴보고 이에 따른 관중들의 숫적 변화를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 첫 번째 경기 규칙이 정해진 1983년부터 시스템이 생겨나기 시작하여 변화를 가져왔는데 1930년부터 4년마다 열리는 월드컵 경기로 세계축구 팬들이 증가하고 있고 전략적인 형태의 시스템의 변화로 많은 관중이 증가되고 T.V나 매스컴을 통해서 전 세계인들에게 관심이 고조되고 경제적인 스포츠로 발전되어 이제는 스포츠 축제를 넘어서 국가 경제를 발전시키는 계기가 되고 있으며 다가올 21세기에는 새로운 시스템의 변화로 멋진 경기력을 보여 줄 것이다. 또한 많은 축구팬들을 확보하는 이상적인 경기를 할 수 있다고 본다. This purpose of study to inquire into the historical development process of world football through a system in the present condition that nations' concern is concentrating to football due to France World Cup Football Games in 1998 and holding 2002 World Cup Games in Korea and to examine the good and bad points of systems. First, a system originated from 1983 when the game rules were regulated and from 1930 when World Cup Games had begun, the system showed many changes. In accordance with his, the strategic type of football is changing. The system in modern football is an important thing to determine the victory of depeat of a game. So now, an ideal game can be achieved by making the player carry out his position according to individual ability and by planning the system which divides the area for the player not to consume physical strength due to moving the whole ground.

인체생리와 수영지도의 실제

최영덕 中央大學校 1969 논문집 - 중앙대학교 Vol.14 No.1

劍鬪士 競技가 로마末期의 社會的 變化에 미친 影響

崔榮德 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2000 體育硏究 Vol.- No.13

The goal of this study is to try to reason then social and cultural change factors, by studying the Gladiatoral Combat(sports of fighter with sword) at the end of Rome historically. The sports program has been frequently used as the means for making the models of examples for attaining any social goal and about the surrounding society be able to see easily. So as to continue the Gladiatorial Combat, much expense was required. And, this bad custom liked to the continuance of corrupt power, after all. Generally, the competitive sports becomes intense. And, it gets to advance toward the aggressive and combative unfolding method, so as to attract the spectators. It this side, the Gladiatorial Combat had the factors which are compelte to stimulate the interest of Roman citizens continuously, by coinciding with then Roman society. In conclusion, the Gladiatoral Combat which had been liked in Roman was used the government or statesmen, so as to calm the masses or solve the unrest. And, it acted as one factor of change which becomes confused extremely.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)의 통증관련물질-유도근 수축반응의 억제와 은침점 저주파 전기자극의 VIP 증가

최영덕,김중환,Choi, Young-Deog,Kim, Jung-Hwan 대한물리치료학회 2003 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of silver spike point (SSP) low frequency electrical stimulation on plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) activities measured by radioimmunoassay from volunteer and the effects of VIP on pain substance-induced contraction investigated by isometric tension methode in animal. The current of 3 Hz continue type, but not 100 Hz continue type, of SSP low frequency electrical stimulation significantly increased in plasma VIP from normal volunteer. The pain substance, such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and prostaglandin $F2{\alpha}$, increased vascular smooth muscle contraction, respectively. These responses were inhibited by VIP applied cumulatively (1 nM - $1\;{\mu}M$), but not serotonin-induced contraction. In addition, serotonin, and prostaglandin $F2{\alpha}$ induced uterine smooth muscle contraction from rat. However, these responses were inhibited by VIP ($1\;{\mu}M$), only serotonin-induced contraction. These results suggest that the VIP regulates pain substance in part and that the SSP low frequency electrical stimulation, specifically current of 3 Hz continue type, significantly increases plasma VIP from volunteer.

中世體育의 特性에 관한 考察·

崔榮德 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 1990 한국교육문제연구 Vol.- No.6

餘暇福祉와 生活의 質的 推移에 關한 考察

최영덕,구본행 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1999 體育硏究 Vol.- No.12

Leisure as an outgrowth of industrial society has an important effect upon establishment of society welfare. The purpose of this study is to suggest scheme about qualitative improvement of live & society welfare by examining leisure welfare qualitative shift of life. 1. A program which sustain equilibrium that could develop leisure resources and facility between regional groups must be needed. 2. According to the structure becomes as the one's of advanced nation, it became to be needed to improve leisure facility to contribute to self-realization. 3. To have right knowledge and recognition about leisure, intensive leisure education in school, society and work place must be needed. 4. To pursuit qualitative life on a society welfare level, guide post structure must be needed to independent of leisure section. 5. Leisure policy for leisure welfare and life's quality which control on facility of extravagance and enjoy must be needed.

한국축구지도자 교육과정의 현황분석

최영덕,최만희 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1997 體育硏究 Vol.- No.10

This study purpose to analyze Korean football leader education course and to establish developing and systematic education course. In this study, modesl for leader education being executed by Asia Football clup have been suggested and the present condition of the course being executed by advanced countries. Japan, China, etc. has been examined. As the result, it is actual state that most of the countries regard it to be important and that they are enforing education by systematic method. We should educate professionals step by step after escaping from teaching by experience and developing new programs appropriate to Korean situation and then depend on victory and depeat by systematic teaching for nations' concern not to be vain in accordance with holding 2002 World Cup in Korea. In coming 21st century, connected leader education is being keenly requested for Korean football team to rise in the rank of advanced countries.