다양한 관점에서 「참혹한 사건」 읽기: 제목과 신문기사를 중심으로

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2011 제임스조이스저널 Vol.17 No.2

Unlike an expository essay, a literary text can be read from multiple perspectives and can be interpreted in diverse ways. Among literary texts, Joyce`s works are noteworthy because of their ambiguities and social backgrounds, which enable us to interpret each work in diverse ways. “A Painful Case,” a story that was dismissed as one of his two weakest stories by Joyce himself, contains two discussion points the interpretations of which are open to readers: the title of the work and the newspaper article in the story. On the surface, the title, “A Painful Case,” appears to refer to one particular incident: ``the train accident`` that caused Mrs. Sinico`s death. From the perspective of the whole story, however, the title might be interpreted in two different ways: ``a heartbreaking story`` and ``oppressive social mores.`` The meaning of the title depends on from what perspectives the text can be read. After evaluating each interpretation, readers can decide which one is the more logical or can choose their own interpretation. The newspaper article in the story has been read as an implication of how Mr. Duffy`s rebuff of Mrs. Sinico had brought about her death. But such an interpretation is challenged when the article is examined from diverse viewpoints. After reading the article, Mr. Duffy was misled to believe that he was responsible for her death. Whether his misconception is presented to demonstrate his narrow views of the world or simply exposes Joyce`s inability to tell a coherent story is also open to interpretation.

「짝패들」에 나타난 유기적 통일성과 심미적 질서

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2012 제임스조이스저널 Vol.18 No.1

Since Aristotle, writers and critics have paid a lot of attention to the organic unities of literary works. In an organically unified work, each part of the story is meaningful, contributing in some way to the making of the whole. After completing "Counterparts," Joyce was exceptionally satisfied with the work and did not want to change any part of the story. The story is a good example of an organically unified work. The title, which plays a pivotal role in organizing the story, has two meanings: "a duplicate copy" and "a person who has a similar function or position to another in a different place." The former refers to the duplicate copies of the contract and correspondence transcribed by Farrington. Interestingly, from those copies Farrington`s life as one of nonexistence can be inferred. The latter is concretized in the correspondences between the powerful and the powerless; Farrington`s roles change according to his circumstances. Even in the repeated words and phrases throughout the story, those meanings of the title are scrupulously embedded. By creating "Counterparts" as an organically unified work, Joyce tried to embody aesthetic order in the story. However dismal and hopeless Farrington`s life is now or in the future, readers are encouraged to envision an organized world by exploring aesthetic order in the story. This is what artists are supposed to do and what Joyce achieved in "Counterparts."

조이스의 탈식민 의식 : 『더블린 사람들』, 『젊은 예술가의 초상』, 『율리시즈』에 나타난 제국주의 비판 A Postcolonial Study of Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, and Ulysses

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국영미문화학회 2001 영미문화 Vol.1 No.-

권력관계로 읽는 「죽은 사람들」: 약자에게 힘을 부여하기

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2009 제임스조이스저널 Vol.15 No.2

When a text is read from a critical literacy stance, the emphasis is placed on how to criticize power relations embedded in the text. The reading methodology aims at constructing "more egalitarian, equitable, and ethical educational and social environments." To English literary works accepted and taught as canons in school, critical literacy needs to be applied in order to stop those works from endorsing the interests of the powerful. "The Dead," in which power is given to the powerless, can be read as an alternative text to those English works. By presenting the tradition of hospitality as a strong point of Ireland, Joyce demonstrates his positive view of Ireland. Gabriel, who feels superior to guests invited to Misses Morkan`s Christmas party, is humiliated by three women who are associated with the West of Ireland, the symbolic place of Irish independence. Women, in general, and disadvantaged women, in particular, are empowered in the work. By setting Lily, a housemaid, as the first character to appear in the story, Joyce points out that a housemaid is strong enough to defy Gabriel, an Irish intellectual. And though Aunt Kate and Aunt Julia are treated as two old ignorant women by Gabriel, they evince that they are not weak and ignorant. Minor characters such as Freddy, Browne, and D`Arcy are presented as more positive characters than the main character, Gabriel. Though marginalized for different reasons, Freddy and Browne contribute to the success of the party. D`Arcy, though he was not recognized as a good tenor by the guests, was influential enough to move Gretta. As implied by the title of the story, the dead are more important and influential than the living. Gretta is immersed in the memory of Furey, while other characters praise the dead Italian singers. In "The Dead" Joyce empowers people who are powerless or voiceless in Irish society. As one of the best texts that can be read from a critical literacy stance, it presents power relations very different from those of many English literary works.

단편 소설을 통한 문학과 영어교육 : 윌리엄 포크너의 「에밀리에게 바치는 장미」 가르치기

최석무(Choi Seok-Moo) 신영어영문학회 2003 신영어영문학 Vol.25 No.-

Due to the teaching of literary works in terms of their literary and historical backgrounds, English literature has been widely criticized as impractical. To escape from the current dilemma of English literature education, we need to use teaching methodology with which to improve English learner's four language skills - reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Literary texts in the language classroom provide us with a variety of teaching methodology which cannot be attained through non-literary material. We are able to contrive a wide range of unique teaching methodology appropriating literary elements, including setting, plot, characterization, theme, and literary techniques. Such literary elements, according to some TESOL scholars, are an obstacle not only to language learner's understanding of literary works in particular but also to the use of literature for English language education in general. On the contrary, it is the literary elements that bring students great interest and enthusiasm in the language classroom. With literary texts we can successfully carry out both literary education and English language education. The selection of good literary works is a prerequisite to the successful accomplishment of both English and literary education at the same time. Short stories with sophisticated literary elements are ideal for the language classroom because they can more easily satisfy students' desire for reading than novels. "A Rose for Emily" is an excellent example of short stories well-equipped with sophisticated literary elements. For students in the English program, we need to select literary works which contribute to practical language education.

「하숙집」에 나타난 애매모호성을 활용한 문학교육

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2010 제임스조이스저널 Vol.16 No.1

To create puzzles, quizzes, and uncertainty, James Joyce incorporated ambiguities into his writings, even in one of his best-known short stories, "The Boarding House." In this paper, a teaching framework for the story will be suggested for both the literary field and the English education field, with such textual ambiguities working as the backbone. Until now, relatively few studies have been conducted on how to teach Joyce`s works in a university setting. The class can be begun with a discussion topic, "Should Mr. Doran marry Polly or run away?"-a question that students are asked several times while reading the story in class. Motivated by such a controversial issue, students will explore the relationship between Mr. Doran and Polly based on evidence from the text. It is found that they had sexual relations and that Polly may be pregnant, despite a lack of definite evidence. The latter issue is explored further in Ulysses. Though the narrator in "Cyclops" said that Mr. Doran had been forced to marry Polly because of her pregnancy, his statement cannot be accepted as truth because he was not a trustworthy narrator. Through textual ambiguities Joyce tried to demonstrate that we cannot reach the truth, a proposition he shared with both philosophers and scientists at the beginning of the twentieth century. When students are encouraged to explore how he used textual ambiguities, they can actively participate in lively discussions in order to expose undiscovered meanings of his writerly text.

논문 : 크리티컬 리터러시를 활용한 동화 비판적 읽기교육 -등장인물과 문화모델-

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국영어영문학회 2008 영어 영문학 Vol.54 No.5

조이스의 모험소설 도전하며 다시쓰기: 「뜻밖의 만남」

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2014 제임스조이스저널 Vol.20 No.2

At the turn of the twentieth-century, adventure fiction was widely appropriated to encourage boys to be adventurous enough to participate in the expansion of the British Empire. In “An Encounter,” Joyce succinctly demonstrates how boys during this period read adventure stories and acted on those stories, exposing the political intention of the genre. In the story there were two boys-the narrator and Mahony -who read adventure stories, conducted mock battles, and went on an adventure for one day. By demonstrating that their adventure was totally different from what they had expected, Joyce challenges adventure fiction and its underlying political intention. Far from winning some final prize, the two boys went through such a nightmarish encounter with a queer old josser that they might not dream of going on another adventure for quite a while. Homosocial bonding, which was often emphasized in adventure stories was not expected from the two boys after the adventure because they found out that they could not always trust each other in times of emergency. Furthermore, they were unable to prove their manliness, a kind of quality often expected from boys who went through thrilling adventures. Joyce’s interest in adventure stories is probably not confined to “An Encounter.” Further systematic study is required for his other stories and novels. As Joyce wrote in the heyday of adventure fiction, he appropriated the genre to convey his subversive message.

크리티컬 리터러시를 활용한 "백설공주" 읽기 교육 : 원작과 영화, 패러디 작품을 중심으로

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국영어영문학회 2009 영어 영문학 Vol.55 No.5

『율리시즈』에 나타난 제임스 조이스와 아일랜드 문예부흥운동

최석무 ( Seok Moo Choi ) 한국영미문화학회 2003 영미문화 Vol.3 No.1