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차세대 메모리 소자를 적용한 신경망 처리장치의 성능 분석
최상운,박성준,박재용,홍석인,윤명국,오윤호 대한전자공학회 2023 전자공학회논문지 Vol.60 No.7
Recent deep neural networks (DNN) contain an increasing number of parameters. To provision the parameters to neural processing units (NPU), off-chip memory requires a larger capacity and higher bandwidth. Conventional NPUs employ DRAM as the off-chip memory, but DRAM cannot achieve a sustainable scalability in density. To overcome this challenge, prior work has investigated emerging memory technologies as alternatives to DRAM. However, the emerging memory technologies often exhibit lower bandwidth and longer latency than DRAM. As such, designing neural network acceleration systems with NPUs and emerging memory technologies requires a detailed design space exploration in terms of performance and area. This paper performs evaluations the performance per area with various memory technologies while running neural network inference workloads. 최근 심층신경망의 파라미터 수가 증가함에 따라, 심층신경망 연산을 처리하기 위한 신경망 처리장치는 더 많은 메모리 용량과 대역폭을 요구한다. 기존 신경망 처리장치는 오프칩 메모리로 DRAM을 주로 사용한다. DRAM은 무어의 법칙이 종료된 현재 지속적으로 소형화하는 것에 한계가 있다. 따라서, 증가하는 메모리 요구사항에 맞추어 대용량의 오프칩 메모리를 확보하기 위해서는 DRAM이 아닌 다른 메모리 기술을 기반으로 오프칩 메모리를 구성하는 대안을 고려하여야 한다. 차세대 메모리 소자들은 대체로 DRAM 대비 높은 bit density를 가지는 이점이 있다. 그러나 이러한 기술들은 DRAM에 비해 대역폭과 레이턴시 특성이 좋지 못한 경우가 많다. 따라서 차세대 메모리 소자를 적용한 신경망 처리장치를 설계하기에 앞서 성능과 면적 두 가지 면에서 면밀한 분석이 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션을 통해 다양한 메모리 소자의 성능 및 면적 대비 성능을 분석한다.
A journey to explore the health properties of traditional Korean diet: a commentary
최상운 한국식품연구원 2023 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.10 No.9
Modern food consumption in Korea has been modified to the Western style in parallel with the rapid globalization and economic growth, which might be a cause of skyrocketing increase of cardiometabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This is not a Korea-specific phenomenon but also a worldwide common public health problem. A plausible mechanism underlying the unhealthy changes could be genetics, especially metabolic genes that cannot adequately respond to the fast dietary changes and are unable to deal with the high intake of animal fat and calorie. If this is true, then the following questions are raised: (1) do we need to go back to the traditional K-diet (K-diet) to reduce the development of these unhealthy cardiometabolic disorders?, (2) if so, what could be the underlying mechanism by which K-diet may convey those health effects?, and (3) if the K-diet is not sufficient enough to solve the current problem, how can we modify the K-diet to fit our purposes?
최상운,송인성,김정룡,이한주,정훈용,윤용범,정현채,최규완 대한소화기내시경학회 1990 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.11 No.1
It is not uncommon that an endoscopist should differentiate metastatic or invasive cancer to the colorectum from primary colorectal cancer with its endoscopic appearances. This study reviewed the endoscopic appearances of 7 patients who were proved to have metastatic or invasive cancers to the colorectum, both clinically and pathologically. The primary cancers were uterine cervix cancers in 3 patients, advanced gastric cancers in two, and prostatic cancer in one. The endoseopic appearances of metastatic or invasive cancer showed several characteristic features with regard to those of primary colorectal cancer, as follows. 1) Multiplicity of lesions 2) Nodular lesion with unaffected mucosa or with mild degree of erosions 3) Concentric defarmities with conical extremities and the absence of shelving margins 4) Inflammatroy lesions with mucosal hyperemia, erosion, ulceration, and bleeding, but without definite mass formation.