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ADINA를 이용한 FRP-보강근 콘크리트 보의 처짐 해석
최봉섭 청운대학교 건설환경연구소 2012 청운대학교 건설환경연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.1
In this study, a two-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis model using the commercial general-purpose FEA software ADINA was developed for the prediction of deflection. Also the proposed analysis model was validated using six selected test beams composed of three beams with rectangular section and three T-shaped beams, conducted by the another before. The FEA model reasonably predicted in that there was a good agreement between the results of FEA model and the experimental results. As results, It was investigated that the equation of Rafi was improved for CFRP-beams although it was still overestimated for GFRP- and AFRP-beams. 본 연구에서는 처짐을 예측하기 위해 유한요소법을 적용한 범용 구조해석 소프트웨어인 ADINA를 이용하여 2차원 비선형 해석모델을 제안하였다. 또한 이전에 수행된 실험결과들 중 3개의 장방형단면과 3개의 T형단면으로 구성된 6개의 보를 사용하여 검증하였다. 해석모델의 해석결과 값들과 실험결과 값들은 상당한 일치함을 보였다. 결과적으로 라피의 식은 비록 GFRP와 AFRP-보에서는 여전히 과대평가하고 있지만 CFRP-보에 대해서는 향상된 결과를 나타냈다.
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人齒胚의 琺瑯 및 象牙質形成期에 있어서 組織化學的 燐酸反應
崔奉燮,姜信亨,高在丞 최신의학사 1970 最新醫學 Vol.13 No.10
The demonstration of phosphoric acid in amelogenesis and dentinogenesis were analized histochemically using Okamoto's ammonium molybdate strychine method, von Kossa method and methylgreen pyronine stain. The phosphoric acid reactions showed marked activities at ameloblast and odontoblasts which were engaged in preenamel and predentin formation. On calcifyig in the preenamel and predentin, phosphoric acid reactions were increased in ameloblasts and odontoblasts.
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FRP-보강근 콘크리트 보에 대한 ACI 440.1R-15 장기처짐 모델 평가
최봉섭 국제차세대융합기술학회 2020 차세대융합기술학회논문지 Vol.4 No.1
ACI 440.1R-15에서는 장기처짐을 ACI 318 기준에서 사용된 시간종속계수에 0.6을 곱하여 계산하도록 제시하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 상수로 제시된 수정계수는 장기처짐에 영향을 줄 수 있는 다양한 변수들을 적절히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 단면형태별로 각각 한 개씩 의 철근콘크리트 비교시험체를 포함하여 4 개의 장방형보와 4개의 T형보로 구성된 총 8개의 시험체를 제작하여 1년간 4점 가력 장기 휨실험을 수행하였다. 결과로서 즉시처짐에 대한 1년 후 총장기처짐의 비는 1.7∼2.6의 범위에서 FRP-보강근보다는 철근이, 장방형보다 는 T형단면에서 크게 나타났다. FRP-보강근 시험체의 경우 ACI 440 장기처짐 제안식에 의해 계산값은 실험값에 비해 과소평가 되어 나타났는데, 특히 T형단면에서는 매우 과소평가된 결과로 인하여 제안식을 직접 적용하기 어려울 것으로 판단된다. ACI 440.1R-15 design guide provides the formulation which can be computed the long-term deflections with the time-dependent coefficient multiplied by 0.6 in ACI 318. However, a modification factor recommended as a constant was not reflected many variables affected to long-term deflections. The work presented herein includes the results from 8 beams composed of four rectangular beams and four T-beams reinforced with FRP bars tested for a year under four-point bending. It was investigated that over a year period, the ratio of total long-term deflection to short-term deflection was represented in the range of 1.7∼ 2.6 which is larger steel-reinforced specimens than FRP-reinforced specimens and T-shaped specimens than rectangular specimens. For FRP-reinforced specimens the results calculated by the equation of ACI 440 were underestimated comparing to the experimental results. Especially, it is hard to use it for T-shaped beams directly due to underestimating much more than rectangular beams
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人齒胚의 琺瑯 및 象牙質形成期에 있어서 組織化學的 蛋白反應에 關한 硏究
崔奉燮 최신의학사 1971 最新醫學 Vol.14 No.4
It has been suggested that several organic components have important roles in the formation and the mineralization of dental hard tissue matrices. Many studies on the distribution of proteins were carried out, but the results were different. So this investigation dealed with the localization of the proteins (amino acids) in the developing tooth germ, and correlated their appearances in terms of chronology. The developing tooth germs were removed from the upper and lower deciduous molar regions of 6 human fetuses, ranging from 14 to 22 weeks of age. They were fixed in 10% formalin, absolute alcohol and Warren et McManus' solution, and, without decalcifying, embedded in paraffin of vaccum bottle. The serial sections were histochemically stained by alloxan-Schiff reaction (a-amino acid groups), Pearse's method (-SH and -SS groups), Millon reaction of Bensley et Gersh (phenolic groups), xanthoprotein reaction (phenyl groups) and Warren et McManus' method (guanido groups). The comparative staining methods were PAS reaction, Lillie's basophilia and hematoxwlin eosin stain. The results were as follows: 1) a-Amino acid, -SH and phenolic group reactions had marked activities in the preenamel, but -SS and phenyl groups had lesser activities in the preenamel than in the ameloblasts. 2) a-Amino acid and phenyl group reactions had marked activities in the predentin, but -SS groups had lesser activities in the predentin than in the odontoblasts.
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FRP-보강근 콘크리트 부재의 처짐계산을 위한 개선된 ACI 440 모델의 제안
최봉섭 청운대학교 건설환경연구소 2013 청운대학교 건설환경연구소 논문집 Vol.8 No.1
The objective of this study is to evaluate the applied range of deflection model and the existing problems in the ACI 440.1R-06 design guide and propose the improved deflection model. For this purpose, the results of ACI 440 model and Rafi model were analysed and compared with eight test beams composed of six beams with rectangular sections and two beams with T-shaped sections. Also, though the parametric study with the results obtained from comparison, the reduced cracking moment was suggested and the modification factor, 1.2 for fully cracking moment of inertia was proposed. 본 연구에서는 ACI 440.1R-06 설계지침에서 제안된 처짐모델의 적용범위와 그에 따른 문제점들을 파악하고 개선된 처짐모델을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이전에 수행된 실험결과들 중에서 6개의 장방형단면과 2개의 T형단면으로 구성된 총 8개의 보를 사용하여 ACI 440모델과 라피의 모델로 부터 계산된 결과들과 비교‧분석 하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 변수분석을 통하여 저감된 균열모멘트의 필요성과 더불어 완전균열단면2차모멘트의 보정계수, 값을 1.2로 수정 제안하였다.
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