친환경농업 농지 임대차 제도의 개선방향

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2009 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.17 No.4

Switching to organic farming practices in agricultural production reaches the end of the period it takes an average of five years. During this period, agricultural soil management to improve the investment must be sustained. Results of the survey of environment-friendly agricultural lease rates appear to approximately 54.2% lower than agricultural practices. Environmentally friendly agricultural land is leased on a long transition period of the contract cost, many buried incompleteness, uncertainty of contract fulfillment(opportunistic behavior) occurs when the transaction costs. This ultimately can hinder the spread of organic farming. Thus, the qualitative development of organic farming and land leasing in order to minimize transaction costs, should that occur. The alternative ‘cooperative long-term lease contract’ is a system.

은행의 소유·지배구조에 따른 은행경영의 효율성 분석

최덕천 아태경제학회 1998 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.1

In this study, index of the measure of ownership structure is that based on major holder's shares, governance structure is that based on management characteristics chairman), bank efficiency is based on profitability and stability. To estimate the above theory, this analysis is used panel data in which pooling with 20 case of bank's cross-sectional and 11 year's time-series data. A causal sequence estimate among bank efficiency and ownership and governance structure : The motivation and goals of bank chairman and major stockholders, for instance, are likely to be a determinant of bank efficiency According to the multi-regression result: It was showed through the view of the relation between stockholder's share ratio by big business group and bank efficiency, profitability and stability, coefficients had a negative, moreover statistically insignificant. And, the relation between average being in office period of bank chairman and bank profitability, coefficients had a negative, moreover statistically insignificant. But, the relation between average being in office period of bank chairman and bank stability, coefficients had a positive, significantly. In turn, it was found that main cause of bank inefficiency in korea is agency problems.

소규모 경축순환 유기농가의경제적 최적규모 조합 실증 분석

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2018 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

Organic agriculture seeks sustainable agriculture. Organic agriculture is based on circulating agriculture of a family farm unit. However, as of the end of 2016, only 33 out of the total organic farming farms were implementing Crop-Livestock cycling organic farming. The reason seems to be a matter of income after all. The optimal size combination refers to the scale by which family farms can maintain their quality of life while engaging in farming activities. In other words. it is a farm scale that maintains optimal income through stable labor costs. In the meantime, there has been no previous study on the optimal economical combination of Crop-Livestock cycling farming. Choi (2016) analyzed whether the economies of scope (EOS) were realized in the combined production by using the management data of the farmers who practiced Crop-Livestock cycling organic farming for four years. As a result, it has been revealed that the EOS measurement value is 0 or more so the economies of scope are being realized. Therefore, the purpose of this empirical analysis is to identify farm incomes under this circumstance. It is assumed that the optimum production is achieved by balancing the total income curve and the total cost curve in the optimal scale production range. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the income after the conversion to Crop-Livestock cycling farming was 44,789,280 won, the sum of the seedling-livestock sector, which was 17,873,120 won higher when the non-Crop-Livestock cycling farming was assumed. The same is true for 2014 and 2015. The reason for this is that pig droppings were composted from organic seedlings, and the cost of selling pork was 150,000 won/per pig more expensive even though the manufacturing cost of organic feeds was higher than the purchasing cost. Secondly, this study simulated the result that the economic index varies when the farm size combination is changed by the farm size of 100% standard (S100) as of 2014. S130 is the increase in size from 100% of 2014, whereas S30 is the result of 3ha crop and 66 livestock (pigs). As a result of this simulation, Crop-Livestock cycling farming income decreased more than non-Crop-Livestock cycling farming as the farm size decreased, whereas the income decreased as the farm size increased. When the size was reduced below S50, the income tended to decrease. In this situation, EOS changed in the same direction. The results showed that when the farming size was reorganized and reduced to 50% compared to 2014, the income and income difference was the highest. At the same time, economies of scope (EOS) were the highest at 0.12985. In other words, it was found that the income of farm houses in a family farm unit sector was the best in the combination of 1.5ha crop agriculture and 110 livestock (pigs).

유기농식품의 건강증진가치 평가를 위한 Human Biomonitoring 실증모형 개발

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

The organic foods is the terminology calling the organic products, the organic livestock and the organic processing food. The value of organic food may be evaluated as the index of the nutrient content, the safety and the health promotion. The reason why consumers prefer the organic food in the market is because the value of health promotion to be obtained through its consumption is expected to be bigger than the expense according to the purchase of organic food. This study has the significance in developing the direct evaluation model like the human biomonitoring method. The hypothesis for this study is summarized, “If the metabolome of metabolic syndrome of decreases, the exposure of substance of health harm decreases, the number of hospital care decreases and the quality of life shall be improved if the organic food is incepted in the long term and the health care is managed well”. The consumer’s cooperative and the health consumer's cooperative select the experimental group of 100 persons and the comparative group of 100 persons in 5 areas in the whole country at the same time to verify this hypothesis. Its rate of change is compared and analyzed by measuring the blood and urine of each biomarkers such as the exposed agriculture pesticides, the nitrate in the body at intervals of 2 months for 1 year. Also, by letting participants in the experiment record the major activity such as the dietary intake and the exercise, etc., in the questionnaire and the performance evaluation form, the statistical analysis for the correlation of this with the metabolome, etc., is conducted. The time that is called minimum 1 year and a lot of expense are required to implement this model. Accordingly, the cooperative study by composing the consortium of the interdisciplinary and the interagency is desirable.

소규모 경축순환 유기농가 경영에서의 범위의 경제성 실증 분석

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2016 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

Theoretically, it is said that economies of scope can be realized in the cropelivestock cycling organic farming. Thus, it is also used as the principle of organic farming. However, it is difficult to find the cases of the empirical analysis of it in Korea. In that sense, this study is meaningful in that it analyzed the agricultural data of case farms of obtaining the approval of both organic agricultural products and organic animal products and practicing cycling farming for 4 years and tested the hypothesis. This study measured economies of scope by using the actual measurement value and estimation value farming performance statistics for 4 years of case farms. This farmhouse conducted nutrient cycling in the farm like selfmanufacturing and injecting organic agricultural byproduct and wild grass as organic livestock feed and fermenting organic livestock manure to organic compost to return it 100%. The results can be summarized as follows: According to the result of cycling farming of combining and producing organic agriculture and organic livestock, economies of scope were found to be realized in this case farmhouse. That is, although not strong, EOS>0, there were economies of scope. The measurement value appeared as 0.0722, 0.00378, 0.04667 and 0.13127 in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. It was improved as time passes and the scale gets smaller. Therefore, in order to further improve economies of scope, there should be measures of reducing duplication costs between agriculture-livestock as low as possible and lowering the production cost of organic feed. That is, there is a need for the management strategy to adjust the import function and cost function according to the change in management paradigm and cropping system.

소규모 경축순환농업 육성을 위한 인증제도 개선 방안

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.4

This study was conducted field surveys and theoretical discussion whether small farmers thinks there are economics of scope in small organically grown crops-livestock farming cycling system. The discussions are summarized as follows. At the end of October 2011, the cycling agriculture farms are only a total of 15 farmers, 0.1% of total organic farms in Korea. The FMD disease, FTA, family farm structure, the importance of animal health and welfare, agricultural cycles, when considering the valuation of the multifunctionality, alternative agriculture is small farming cycling system. Organic agriculture is a ‘cooperation-cycling-family farm’ in the interaction it is important to understand. The two groups were surveyed. Group 1 is 6 farmers who practicing cycling fanning system, and Group 2 is the 33 farmers who wish to cycling fanning system. Interview survey and the survey results was obtained as follows. First, We find that there are strong economies of scope, due to a decreased costs have increased net profit. Second, the multi functional values is realized also cycling farming system. Third, but some certification standards leads to high transaction cost. Thus, a small family farm who wishing to target organic livestock certification standards need to improve.

원주지역에서의 유기농업 활동과협동조합 역할과의 관계 연구-Delphi Technique을 활용한 인식조사-

최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

This study started with two questions. The first question is ‘Why does organic agriculture want to be linked with cooperative?’ The second is ‘What is the charac-teristics of the mutual relationship between organic agriculture and cooperative?’, especially in Wonju. Up to now, there have been various kinds of discussion about cooperation between organic agricultural campaign and cooperative in Wonju. But there are few concrete data showing what role cooperative plays in the cyclical process of production -distribution-consumption of organic agriculture. Thus, we conducted a survey applying the Delphi technique to the 35 organic agricultural specialists active in Wonju. First, small-scale family farm producers established a social economic cooperative network in around 2003 to perform ‘the activities of innovators’ through forming an organization. Producers moved from the stage in which they were supported one-sidedly by consumers to the stage where they could ‘lead’ cooperation. Each farm organization built a vertical integration, and horizontal cooperative systems with other farm organizations. But, practical cooperative activities have remained in the doldrums. They tend to show trends deviating from the principles of organic agriculture and cooperative. Second, the relationship between producers and consumers in Wonju can be described as ‘producer-consumer cooperative type’. In Wonju, the producers’ organization is not a sub-contractor which simply deliver organic agricultural products to producers’ cooperative, but is an equal subject which creates its own value chain. The cooper-ative (cooperative organization) leads distribution and consumption of organic agricultural products and mutual communication. But, the closeness between pro-ducers and consumers has got loosened. And, it is problematic that the proportion of local food consumption in Wonju is very low. There is a very strong tendency to ride the central distribution system of producers’ cooperative coalition. Conse-quently, it is necessary for producers’ cooperatives in Wonju to run a local food distribution system based on the ‘cooperative system among cooperatives’.

경종-축산 순환 유기농업의 가치 증진을 위한 농가 간 협동조직화 모델 연구 - 경종-축산 순환 양돈 농가를 사례로 -

최덕천 ( Choi Deog-cheon ) 한국유기농업학회 2020 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

The significance of this study was to analyze the quality value of organic livestock pork for the first time based on the results of managing and testing the cycling organic farming of black pork and vegetables within farm for two years. The results of analysis could be summarized as follows. First, the pork of experimental group with crop-livestock cycling farming showed the excellent quality and high consumer preference compared to the control group of general pork or pork from non-crop-livestock cycling organic farming. In the content ratio of Omega-3 as a representative essential fatty acid, it was 1.46 that was about 2.8 times more than general pork (0.52). In case of Omega-6, it had about 2.5 times more than general pork. Especially, the U/S ratio value which was the content ratio of Unsaturated Fatty Acid (UFA, U) of Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA, S), was largely shown in pork (2.93) from cycling organic farming. Second, it would be necessary to maintain the economies of scope shown in crop-livestock cycling organic farming, and the high quality value of livestock products. For this, there should be a value chain model that could realize the economies of scope and economies of scale at the same time based on scaling and diversification through cooperative organization between farmers. Through this, it would be possible to establish a cycling model called ‘community cooperative agriculture’ by forming local internal markets through cooperation of production-processing and integration of distribution-sale-consumption. For the managerial activation of this cooperative organization, the government should promote/support the small crop-livestock cycling organic farming cooperative organization in local unit. For securing the reliability of crop-livestock cycling organic agricultural products and crop-livestock cycling organic livestock products, it would be necessary to review the introduction of Participatory Guarantee System (PGS).

사회적 경제블럭과 지역사회협동농업 -원주지역에서의 유기농업과 의료생협의 융합 사례-

최덕천 ( Deog Cheon Choi ) 한국협동조합학회 2011 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.29 No.3

This study discussed the organic agriculture movement practices in Wonju, to realize that the value of organic agriculture through Social Economy Bloc and Community Cooperative Agriculture. In Wonju, the organic agriculture movement and the cooperative movement began with in the mid-1960s, and finally, 22 organizations gathered to Wonju Social Economy Bloc(WSEB) in March 2011, and mutual assistance was initiated within the Social Economy Bloc. WSEB`s sales of 24.6 billion, employment of 475 persons, members of 31,000 by 2010. In the current, the characteristics of organic agriculture movement in Wonju is as follows: First, organic farmers should serve as an innovator in the Social Economy Bloc. Second, urban-rural communities activities are sustained by ecological governance and cooperative network. Third, organic agriculture has a more advanced value through the support of the Health Care Consumers Cooperative(HCCC). Fourth, the value of organic agriculture is able to realize through a system of Community Cooperative Agriculture (CCA). Fifth, as a result, the Social Economic Bloc has built the foundation of circular economy & society.

지역순환농업을 위한 분뇨단위 설정과 질소부하 평가

류종원,최덕천 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

In this study, the assessment of livestock manure nitrogen loading for recycling farming in Yeoju-Gun carried out comparing manure units based on the cultivation areas and the N-amount of manure that are generated from livestock manure. Manure units (MU) are used in the permitting, registration, because they allow equal standards for all animals based on manure nutrient production. An MU is calculated by multiplying the number of animals by manure unit factor for the specific type of animal. The manure unit factor for MU determination was determined by dividing amounts of manure N produced 80kg N/year. In this study, manure unit by nitrogen concentration and amount of animal manure was calculated as follows: Hanwoo multiplied by 0.36, dairy cows multiplied by 0.8. swine multiplied by 0.105. The laying hens and broilers multiplied by 0.0079, 0.0049, respectively. The analysis of liquid manure unit per ha shows that the N loading by LMU is quite different by region. When it comes to nitrogen loading, the LMU per ha of cultivated land in excess of the N-amount was the highest in the Bukne-myeon province with 2.76 MU/ha, which is higher than the appropriate level. The Ganam-myeon province came next with 2.53 LMU. To be utilized as a valid program to build the environmentally friendly agricultural system, diverse measures shall be mapped out to properly determine manure units, evaluate N-loading and to properly manage their nutrient balance of each region.