신문과정에서의 영상녹화에 대한 경찰관의 인식도 연구

최대현(DaeHyun Choe) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2016 경찰학연구 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 피의자 신문과정의 영상녹화에 대한 실무 전문가들의 의견을 설문조사 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 경찰관들은 영상녹화가 인권보호, 실체적 진실발견, 수사과정의 투명성 확보, 불필요한 공정성 시비 등을 막는데 도움이 된다고 인식하고 있다. 부정적인 시각도 있었는데 시간이 많이 걸리고 절차가 복잡하며 감시를 받는다는 부담감 때문에 수사에 방해를 준다는 것이다. 그러나 대다수의 경찰관들은 방해요인에도 불구하고 진술의 영상녹화가 필요하다는 인식을 가지고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 피의자 신문과정에 대한 영상녹화는 부적절한 조사방법으로부터 피의자를 보호하고 피의자의 기본권을 보장할 수 있는 중요한 장치이며 동시에 수사과정의 투명성 확보를 통해 불필요한 공정성 시비를 줄일 수 있는 효과적인 수단으로 평가할 수 있다. This study aims to explore police officers’ perspective into the audio-visual recordings of criminal interrogation. For the study, 204 police officers have been surveyed. They generally feel that audio-visual recordings are effective in terms of protecting human rights, securing objectivity of police investigation, and making a more informed judgment. Electronic recordings may require police officers to spend more time, deal with more complicated procedures, and have burden to be monitored by third parties. However, they have a perception of necessity with regard to audio-visual recordings of criminal interrogation. Audio and visual recording leads the interviewers to be aware that their interviewing methods will be closely scrutinized. It enables the courts to make a more informed judgement by indicating what occurred during the interrogation. Audio-video recording does not jeopardize any legitimate law enforcement interest. Consequently, electronic recording can be a safeguard providing protection against the admission of false confessions. At the same time, this safeguard can give the significant benefits to the law enforcement by reinforcing the results of interviews.

범죄수사에서 절차적 공정성과 업무성과가 시민들의 만족도에 미치는 영향 연구

최대현(Choe, Dae Hyun) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2017 경찰학연구 Vol.17 No.1

법집행기관의 효과적인 활동을 위해서 시민들의 지원과 자발적 참여는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 이번 연구는 시민들이 경찰활동을 경험하면서 나타난 개별적인 반응도를 절차적 공정성과 업무성과로 구분하여 조사하고 그 요인들이 범죄 수사와 관련된 민원인의 신분(피의자, 피해자, 참고인 등)에 따라 달라지는지 여부를 조사하였다. 또한 절차적 공정성과 업무성과라는 요인들이 미국, 호주 등 주요 영미법계 국가들에서처럼 시민들의 경찰활동에 대한 만족도에 영향을 주는 요인인지 알아보았다. 연구결과, 미국과 호주에서와 같이 우리나라에서도 절차적 공정성과 업무성과가 시민들의 만족도에 영향을 주는 요인으로 확인되었다. 그러나 절차적 공정성과 업무성과에 대한 평가에서 민원인의 신분별 차이, 즉 피해자, 피의자, 참고인 그룹의 인식도에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 절차적 공정성과 업무성과 모두 시민들의 경찰활동에 대한 만족도에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로 확인 되었기 때문에 절차적 공정성과 업무성과를 구성하는 요소들에 대한 깊이 있는 이해를 바탕으로 이를 개선하기 위한 지속적인 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. To be effective, policing requires the ongoing support and voluntary cooperation of the public. Part of this support and cooperation has been found to stem from the evaluations people give the police during personal encounters with them. Therefore, understanding how people evaluate the police is important for not only understanding how the police perform their jobs, but can also provide insights into how they may respond to police during a personal encounter. The focus of this article is to ascertain how public satisfaction with police can be created, enhanced and maintained. Research has shown that a broad range of factors can influence public confidence and satisfaction with the police. Using cross-sectional survey data collected from a national sample of Korean citizens, the present study has examined the role that procedural justice and job performance can play in predicting public satisfaction with police. This study aims to explore the citizens’ satisfaction with the police based on their status by focusing on the procedural justice and job performance. For the study, 201 citizens have been surveyed. They were separated into three groups: victims, witnesses, and suspects. In summary, regression analyses demonstrated that across all contacts both relational and instrumental factors were important to people when formulating evaluations about the police. Specifically, both procedural justice and police performance predicted satisfaction with police during encounters regardless of their status: victims, witnesses and suspects.

범죄수사를 위한 진술과정의 영상녹화에 대한 시민들의 인식도 연구

최대현 ( Dae-hyun Choe ) 한국경찰법학회 2016 경찰법연구 Vol.14 No.1

This study aims to explore citizens’ perspective into the audio-visual recordings of criminal interview. For the study, 201 citizens have been surveyed. They were separated into two groups: Group 1 was citizens who experienced audio-visual recordings; Group 2 was others who had no experience. Citizens in Group 1 responded more positively that audio-visual recordings were effective in terms of securing objectivity of police investigation and making an informed judgment than people in Group 2. In relation to intervention of audio-visual recordings, citizens in Group 1 felt more burden from being electronically recorded than people in Group 2. Those differences were found to be statistically significant. Citizens who have experienced audio-visual recordings responded more negatively that their investigation were interrupted by electronic recordings since they felt monitored in a secret way. But when it comes to the necessity, there was no significant difference. In other words, notwithstanding the burden from being monitored, people responded that audio-visual recordings were necessary to protect human-rights, secure objectivity of police investigation, make an informed judgement, and prevent inappropriate interrogation methods.

경찰서 수사사무환경개선 이후 시민들의 인식도 변화 연구

최대현 ( Choe Dae-hyun ) 한국경찰법학회 2018 경찰법연구 Vol.16 No.1

Since 2015 Korean National Police Agency has conducted a reform of the office environment for the criminal investigation. This study aims to explore the effect of the reform and its impact on citizens. To do the research 898 citizens have been surveyed. According to analysis of the survey, since there is a separated interview room it may have some effect of reducing noise and helping citizens to focus on interviews by the police investigators. In addition improvement in facilitates such as parking lot and toilets may increase citizens’ satisfaction in part. However, most citizens respond that there is a lack of appropriate signs indicating directions to offices and no enough spaces where they have to wait before interviews. In relation to protecting interviewer’s privacy many citizens still have some worry about their interview records. They do not want their stories to be open to anyone because they are very private information. Finally, citizens still have some concern that they have to meet other dangerous persons in interview rooms. For effective interviews police investigators often employ a method of confrontation. Under this circumstance, citizens may feel worry about their safety. Such worries should be removed from a process of interviewing by developing environmental and systematic methods. Interview records should be preserved in an appropriate method which should be informed to interviewees in advance. In addition, there need to establish various methods to guarantee interviewees’ safety in a separated interview room.

경찰의 소년범 처리절차에 대한 비교법적 연구

최대현 ( Dae Hyuan Choe ),장응혁 ( Eung Hyeok Chang ) 한국경찰법학회 2013 경찰법연구 Vol.11 No.1

On the basis of a comparative perspective, this study has explored the distinctive features of the youth justice system in South Korea. In particular, the research focuses on the investigation process by the police. There are a lot of studies which show the necessity of the police diversion for the young offenders at the early stage of the investigation. However, in South Korea, no explicit provisions are in laws, which allow the police officers to deal with juvenile delinquency by diverting them from normal criminal process. As a consequence, the police are in general reluctant to employ a diversion with various rehabilitation programmes. Young offenders as well as their guardians are not very cooperative with the authorities. As there is no legal provision for the police diversion including conditions and process, the juvenile diversion by the police cannot be conducted both efficiently and effectively. Furthermore, this cannot lead young offenders to be actively involved in rehabilitation programmes. In order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of diversion for young offenders, as in England and Wales, Germany, and Japan, various conditions and process must be clearly and precisely provided in the relevant laws. More importantly, legal grounds for the police diversion should be created in the juvenile law.

슬관절의 박리성 골연골염에서 소절개를 이용한 생흡수성 핀 고정술

최대현(DaeHyun Choe),양재혁(Jae-Hyuk Yang) 대한정형외과학회 2022 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.57 No.1

박리성 골연골염은 연골하골의 병변으로 그 위의 연골까지 영향을 끼치는 질환이다. 많은 경우 수술적 치료를 요하게 되며 다양한 방법이 보고되고 있다. 본 보고에서는 박리성 골연골염에서 생흡수성 핀을 이용한 고정술과 관절경만으로 정복이 어려운 증례에서 소절개를 통한 정복술을 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 외상력 없이 발생한 무릎의 통증을 주소로 내원하였다. 대퇴골 내과 부위에 골 연골성 병변이 확인되었으며, 절편은 관절 내에 유리체로 확인되었다. 관절경을 통해 생흡수성 핀을 이용한 고정술을 계획하였으나, 절편의 섬유화로 정복되지 않았다. 이에 슬관절 전방에 소절개를 추가하여 유리체를 다듬은 뒤 생흡수성 핀을 이용하여 고정하였다. 추시에서 합병증 없이 유합을 얻을 수 있었다. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a pathologic condition of the subchondral bone which involves the articular cartilage. Unstable OCD can be fixed with various implants, including bioabsorbable materials. Bioabsorbable materials have several advantages. Removal of the implant is not required, and they have low interference on imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This paper reports a case of surgical treatment using bioabsorbable pins for OCD lesion. MRI showed a displaced osteochondral lesion at medial femoral condyle. Arthroscopic reduction and fixation were attempted initially, but additional mini-open incision was needed to reduce the fibrotic fragment. The fragment was trimmed and fixed with two bioabsorbable pins. Union was achieved at the follow-up without complications. The use of bioabsorbable pins for OCD treatment may be one of successful treatment method.

한국에서 민주주의의 발전과 형사절차 개혁방향에 대한 소고 -영미(英美)법학의 적정절차모델을 참고하여-

최대현 ( Dae Hyun Choe ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2013 서울대학교 法學 Vol.54 No.2

본 연구는 한국에서 민주주의의 발전과 형사절차의 개혁방향을 범죄통제모델과 적정절차모델을 통해 살펴보고 이론적 분석도구를 제시하였다. 팩커가 제시한 위 두 모델은 다양한 가치들이 공존하고 있는 형사절차를 평가하는 도구로서 영미법학에서 가장 널리 사용되어지는 방법 중 하나이다. 형사절차의 특징, 특히 검찰의 권한과 역할을 고려할 때 한국의 사법시스템은 범죄 통제모델에 매우 가깝다. 그러나 일반적으로 민주주의의 발전은 형사절차를 범죄통제 모델에서 적정절차모델로 그 중심을 이동시키고 한국의 형사절차도 이러한 경향에 따라 변화하고 있다. 수사절차가 아닌 공판절차를 통해 실체적 진실을 발견하고자 공판중심주의를 강화하고 있다. 또한 개인의 자유를 보장하기 위하여 법집행기관들의 공권력 행사를 통제하는 장치를 마련하고 국가와 개인 사이의 무기의 평등을 보장 하기 위한 제도들을 구비해왔다. 이러한 변화에도 불구하고 한국에서 형사절차 참여기관들의 역할이나 권한에 대한 개혁은 다소 소홀하게 다루어졌던 측면이 없지 않다. 결과적으로 검찰의 권한은 계속해서 확대되어 왔으며 독점적이고 광범위한 권한은 민주주의 발전을 저해하는 요소로 자리 잡고 있다. 현행 형사절차에서 검찰 권한의 분산과 공소권자로서의 역할의 재정립은 한국 민주주의의 발전에 중요한 전제임을 인식할 필요가 있다. When considering the development of democracy in Korea, Packer`s two models (the crime control and due process models) and Sung`s analysis on the relationship between those two models and democracy provide a significant theoretical framework to compare and critique the roles and powers of the Korean prosecution service. On the basis of this theoretical framework, the study aims to explore the direction to which the Korean system of criminal justice flows. Packer`s models are basically exploited to evaluate criminal proceedings. The two conflicting models of the criminal justice have been widely regarded as some of the most important contributions to systematic thought about criminal procedure. However, Korea is a developing democracy and this needs to be reflected in the criminal justice system, for instance public accountability, checks and balances, and separation of powers. As a consequence, the correlation between these elements and Packer`s models needs to be explored. The crime control and due process models are opposite of the spectrum and represent simplified models that in practice coexist to various degrees and with different blends. The crime control model places emphasis on the conviction of the guilty. To this goal, the model accepts some human errors, which may lead the innocent persons to be convicted. In addition, the liberty of the suspects can be limited to the extent that the society accepts. In contrast, the due process model focuses on the need for the acquittal of the innocent. To achieve this value, the model accepts the acquittal of the guilty. The protection of the civil liberties is regarded as the most crucial value to uphold the whole grounds for integrity of the system. In particular, the democratization process is characterized by a simultaneous transition of the criminal justice system from crime control-oriented structure to due process-oriented organization. The Korean system of criminal justice has been reformed with the development of democracy. Such reforms have mainly focused on making a provision for protecting the basic rights of the defendants. But the provision itself cannot protect such rights. The roles and powers of the legal actors, in particular, of the prosecution service in Korea must be reformed to be compatible with the values of the due process model.

수사와 기소 기능분리의 원칙과 한계

최대현(Choe Dae Hyun) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2012 경찰학연구 Vol.12 No.4

The English legal system is representative of the common law tradition. In England and Wales, the modern public prosecution system was only created in the last quarter of the 20th century which was very recent when compared to other countries. This study aims to explore why the English system of criminal justice established the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). The CPS was created by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. This set up an independent public prosecution system in order to improve efficiency and protect the interests of the defendants by separating the prosecution from investigation and preserving the filtering role of the prosecutors. Before the establishment of the CPS, the police in fact exercise the prosecution. However, the prosecution by the police created an unclear border between the investigation and prosecution. Such a functional mixture caused problems such as the prosecutions of evidentiary weak cases or ‘overcharging’ because police involvement restricted the prosecutor’s role as a filter to screen the results of the investigation. The development of the CPS shows the direction to which the Korean system of criminal justice should flow. Korean prosecutor’s direct involvement in the investigation can cause problems which were already observed in the English system as it leads to the functional mixture of investigation and prosecution. The roles and powers of the prosecution service must be reformed to recover their role as a significant filter in screening the result of investigation.

민간조사 관리제도에 대한 국가별 비교 연구

최대현(Choe, Dae Hyun),장응혁(Jang, Eung Hyuk) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2018 경찰학연구 Vol.18 No.2

현재 우리나라의 민간조사활동은 개개의 특정 법률에서 제한하고 있는 소재탐지, 사생활조사, 탐정이라는 용어 사용, 민형사상 소송과 관련 증거수집 등을 제외하면 거의 무제한적인 활동이 가능하다. 이 연구에서는 외국의 최신 사례를 통하여 민간조사 관리 시스템 마련에 필요한 제도적 주안점을 알아보고자 한다. 우선 조사 대상 모든 국가에서 기본적으로 민간조사원의 활동이나 민간조사업에 대한 관리 규정을 두고 있다. 민간조사업을 영위하기 위해서는 조건 등에 있어서 다소 차이는 존재하지만 민간조사원면허나 영업허가 등 정부의 승인이 필요하며 민간조사의 업무범위에 대해서는 대부분 구체적으로 면허가 필요한 민간조사 업무범위를 제한하고 있다. 공통적으로 ‘타인으로부터 의뢰를 받아 특정한 사람이나 상황에 대한 정보, 특정한 사람의 소재에 대한 정보, 절도 등으로 인한 재산의 손실이나 피해 상황에 대한 손해를 보상하기 위한 정보 등을 수집하는 일체의 행위를 의미’하는 경우가 보편적이다. 민간조사원 면허 발급을 위한 자격시험이나 교육 등은 국가의 정책방향에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 민간조사활동이 사생활침해 등의 문제를 야기할 수 있다는 것은 모든 국가들의 공통적인 우려로 해석되며 같은 이유에서 체계적인 관리시스템을 마련하려는 노력을 보이고 있다. 우리나라도 예외는 아니며 지속적인 논의를 진행하고 있는데 이제는 본격적인 제도의 시행이 필요하다고 생각한다. The current arrangements, under which the system is not regulated, allows anyone to work as a private investigator, regardless of their skills, experience or criminal convictions. This presents a high risk of rogue investigators unlawfully infringing on the privacy of individuals. In order to find an alternative, this study has explored various regulations of private investigations. For the study, five countries have been chosen, such as United Kingdom, United States of America, Germany, France, and Japan. In most countries, there is a two-tier system of licensing of private investigators and private investigation companies and registration of others undertaking investigative work. Full licensing should apply to individuals operating or employed as full-time investigators and to private investigation companies. In terms of skills, the core of any training regime for investigators ought to be knowledge of the Code of Conduct and the legal constraints that govern the industry. With this in mind, any contravention of data laws should result in the suspension of a licence and prohibition from engaging in investigation activity, linked to meaningful penalties for the worst offences. The role of private investigators has some difference in jurisdictions. However mostly their work focuses on fraud detection, recovery of stolen goods, maintenance of public order and major investigations with a statement of the risks associated with the involvement of private investigators in each of these areas. It is vital to establish a proper regulation of private investigators to ensure rigorous standards in this sector and the respect of individuals’ rights to privacy. The new system should make it a criminal offence to operate as a private investigator without a licence. Anyone with a criminal conviction for instance protection offences can expect to have their application for a licence refused.

미생물 일반 , 생리 및 대사 김치 Starter 용으로 개량된 Leuconostoc paramesenteroides 의 내산성 변이주가 갖는 내산성 특성

김영찬,정은영,김은해,정대현,최대현,최태부,권태종,강상모 ( Young Chan Kim,Eun Yung Jung,Eun Hae Kim,Dai Hyun Jung,Tae Boo Choe,Tae Jong Kwon,Sang Mo Kang ) 한국미생물생명공학회 1998 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.4