후복막부 자궁외임신 1예

차상섭,윤영돈,오성택,변지수 대한산부인과학회 1988 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.31 No.8

Land-use changes and practical application of the land degradation neutrality (LDN) indicators: a case study in the subalpine forest ecosystems, Republic of Korea

차상섭,김찬범,김정환,이아림,박기형,구남인,김용석 한국산림과학회 2020 Forest Science And Technology Vol.16 No.1

Recent estimates show that land degradation is rapidly progressing worldwide. Therefore, efforts are being made in Korea toward Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) to extend the development of green areas. As part of this effort, artificial ecosystems created through landuse changes are restored to forests. We examined grassland created through land-use change, an afforested site planted for forest restoration, and a nearby primary forest according to the LDN indicators. The grassland created about 40 years ago showed higher bulk density and available phosphorus compared to the forest and showed relatively low carbon and nitrogen contents. According to the assessment of LDN indicators, the soil organic carbon stock and productivity calculated from the normalized difference vegetation index of the afforested site for restoring the grassland to forest did not change. The assessment of the restoration effect was not made in the short-term, but in near future, the planted trees are expected to grow, restoring the land to forest. This study shows that the LDN program of Korea should follow carefully established restoration policies and strategies to achieve positive results.

후복막부 자궁외임신

차상섭,윤영돈,변지수 대한산부인과학회 1987 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.60 No.-

The effect of simulated acid rain on microbial community structure in decomposing leaf litter

차상섭,임성민,Bahitkul Amirasheba,심재국 한국생태학회 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.4

Acid deposition is one of the most serious environmental problems in ecosystems. The present study surveyed the effects of simulated acid rain on leaf litter mass loss and microbial community in the decomposing leaf litter of Sorbus anifolia in a microcosm at 23°C and 40% humidity. Microbial biomass was measured by substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and the microbial community structures were determined by composition of PLFAs at each interval of decomposition in litter sample and at each pH treatment. The microbial biomass showed peaks at midstage of decomposition, decreasing at the late stage. The leaf litter mass loss of S. anifolia decreased with decreasing pH during early and mid- decomposition stages; however the mass loss becomes similar between pH treatments at late-decomposition stage. The acidification remarkably lowers the microbial biomass of bacteria and fungi; however, microbial diversity was unchanged between pH treatments at each stage of litter decomposition. With changes of decomposition stage and pH treatment there were considerable differences in replacement and compensation of microbial species. Fungi/bacteria ratio was considerably changed by pH treatment. The PLFA profile showed significantly larger fungi/bacteria ratio at pH 5 than pH 3 at the early stage of decomposition, and the difference becomes smaller at the later decomposition stage. At low pH, pH 3 and pH 4, the fungi/bacteria ratios were stable according to the litter decomposition stages. Simulated acid rain caused decreases of 10Me17:0, 16:1ω7c, 18:1ω7, 15:0, but increase of 24:0. In addition, litter mass loss showed significant positive correlation with microbial biomass measured by SIR and PLFA on the decomposing leaf litter.

일반연제 발표 : 비임신 백서 자궁에 대한 자궁수축 억제제의 복합 투여 효과

차상섭,윤영돈,변지수 대한산부인과학회 1987 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.59 No.-

동백나무(Camellia japonica L.) 낙엽의분해와영양원소의동태1

차상섭,이경의,이상훈,최문종,심재국 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.30 No.1

낙엽은 육상 생태계에서 영양원소의 주요 원천이며, 낙엽의 분해는 토양의 비옥도를 유지하고, 식물의 생장을 위한 영양원소의 방출 뿐 아니라 이산화탄소의 배출을 조절하는 생물계에서 가장 중요한 과정 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 지구온난화로 인해 그 분포역의 확대가 예상되는 상록활엽수인 동백나무를 대상으로 낙엽의 분해율 및 분해과정에 따른 영양원소의 함량 변화를 파악하기 위해 진행되었다. 실험은 전라남도 완도군 주도 상록활엽수림에서 2011년 12월부터 2013년 12월까지 731일간에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 동백나무 낙엽은 기타 상록활엽수 낙엽에 비해 작고 두꺼우며 단단한 재질을 가지고 있고, 비교적 높은 수용성물질과 셀룰로즈, 리그닌의 함량을 나타내었다. 분해 시작 후, 731일 경과 된 동백나무 낙엽의 잔존율은 42.6%이고 분해상수(k)는 0.427으로 나타났다. 동백나무 낙엽의 탄소 함량은 44.6% 를 나타내었고, 분해과정에 따른 탄소의 잔존량은 낙엽 잔존량의 변화와 거의 일치하는 경향을 나타내었다. 질소와 인의 초기 함량은 각각 0.47%와 324.7mg/g을 나타내었다. 질소의 잔존량은 분해 초기 증가하여 최고 1.66배까지 증가하였지만, 점차 감소하여 731일 후 초기양의 1.18배를 나타내었다. 인의 경우 최고 1.64배까지 증가하였고 731일 후 1.15배를 나타내었다. 동백나무 낙엽의 칼슘, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 나트륨 잔존량은 분해과정에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 칼륨의 경우 빠르게 감소하여 8.9%의 잔존율을 보였다. C/N, C/P 초기 비율은 각각 94.87과 1368.5로 나타났지만, 분해가 진행됨에 따라 현저하게 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 질소와 인의 함량이 초기 함량에 비해 최대 2.78배와 2.68배까지 증가하였기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과 동백나무의 낙엽은 조사기간 동안에 질소와 인에서는 부동화가, 나머지 원소에서는 무기화가 진행되는 것을 확인하였다. Litter fall is a source of nutrients and carbon transfer in terrestrial ecosystems. Litter decomposition provides nutrients needed for plant growth, sustains soil fertility, and supplies CO2 to the atmosphere. We collected the leaf litter of evergreen broadleaf tree, Camellia japonica L., and carried out a decomposition experiment using the litterbag method in Ju-do, Wando-gun, Korea for 731 days from Dec 25, 2011 to Dec 25, 2013. The leaf litter of C. japonica remained 42.6% of the initial litter mass after experiment. The decay constant (k) of C. japonica leaf litter was 0.427 yr-1. The carbon content of C. japonica leaf litter was 44.6%, and the remaining carbon content during the decomposition tended to coincide with the changes in litter mass. The initial nitrogen and phosphorus content was 0.47% and 324.7 mg/g, respectively. The remaining N in decaying litter increased 1.66-fold in the early decomposition stage, then gradually decreased to 1.18-fold after 731 days. The content of P showed the highest value (1.64-fold of initial content) after 456 days, which then fell to a 1.15-fold after 731 days. The remaining Ca, K, Mg and Na content in C. japonica leaf litter tended to decrease during decomposition. The remaining K showed a remaining mass of 8.9% as a result of rapid reduction. The initial C/N and C/P ratio of C. japonica leaf litter was 94.87 and 1368.5, respectively. However, it tended to decrease as decomposition progressed because of the immobilization of N and P (2.78 and 2.68-fold of initial content, respectively) during the leaf litter decaying. The study results showed that N and P was immobilized and other nutrients was mineralized in C. japonica leaf litter during experimental period.

동백나무(Camellia japonica L.) 낙엽의 분해와 영양원소의 동태

차상섭 ( Sangsub Cha ),이경의 ( Kyung Eui Lee ),이상훈 ( Sang Hoon Lee ),최문종 ( Moonjong Choi ),심재국 ( Jae Kuk Shim ) 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.30 No.1

낙엽은 육상 생태계에서 영양원소의 주요 원천이며, 낙엽의 분해는 토양의 비옥도를 유지하고, 식물의 생장을 위한 영양원소의 방출 뿐 아니라 이산화탄소의 배출을 조절하는 생물계에서 가장 중요한 과정 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 지구온난화로 인해 그 분포역의 확대가 예상되는 상록활엽수인 동백나무를 대상으로 낙엽의 분해율 및 분해과정에 따른 영양원소의 함량 변화를 파악하기 위해 진행되었다. 실험은 전라남도 완도군 주도 상록활엽수림에서 2011년 12월부터 2013년 12월까지 731일간에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 동백나무 낙엽은 기타 상록활엽수 낙엽에 비해 작고 두꺼우며 단단한 재질을 가지고 있고, 비교적 높은 수용성물질과 셀룰로즈, 리그닌의 함량을 나타내었다. 분해 시작 후, 731일 경과 된 동백나무 낙엽의 잔존율은 42.6%이고 분해상수(k)는 0.427으로 나타났다. 동백나무 낙엽의 탄소 함량은 44.6% 를 나타내었고, 분해과정에 따른 탄소의 잔존량은 낙엽 잔존량의 변화와 거의 일치하는 경향을 나타내었다. 질소와 인의 초기 함량은 각각 0.47%와 324.7mg/g을 나타내었다. 질소의 잔존량은 분해 초기 증가하여 최고 1.66배까지 증가하였지만, 점차 감소하여 731일 후 초기양의 1.18배를 나타내었다. 인의 경우 최고 1.64배까지 증가하였고 731일후 1.15배를 나타내었다. 동백나무 낙엽의 칼슘, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 나트륨 잔존량은 분해과정에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 칼륨의 경우 빠르게 감소하여 8.9%의 잔존율을 보였다. C/N, C/P 초기 비율은 각각 94.87과 1368.5로 나타났지만, 분해가 진행됨에 따라 현저하게 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 질소와 인의 함량이 초기 함량에 비해최대 2.78배와 2.68배까지 증가하였기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과 동백나무의 낙엽은 조사기간 동안에 질소와 인에서는 부동화가, 나머지 원소에서는 무기화가 진행되는 것을 확인하였다. Litter fall is a source of nutrients and carbon transfer in terrestrial ecosystems. Litter decomposition provides nutrients needed for plant growth, sustains soil fertility, and supplies CO2 to the atmosphere. We collected the leaf litter of evergreen broadleaf tree, Camellia japonica L., and carried out a decomposition experiment using the litterbag method in Ju-do, Wando-gun, Korea for 731 days from Dec 25, 2011 to Dec 25, 2013. The leaf litter of C. japonica remained 42.6% of the initial litter mass after experiment. The decay constant (k) of C. japonica leaf litter was 0.427 yr-1. The carbon content of C. japonica leaf litter was 44.6%, and the remaining carbon content during the decomposition tended to coincide with the changes in litter mass. The initial nitrogen and phosphorus content was 0.47% and 324.7 mg/g, respectively. The remaining N in decaying litter increased 1.66-fold in the early decomposition stage, then gradually decreased to 1.18-fold after 731 days. The content of P showed the highest value (1.64-fold of initial content) after 456 days, which then fell to a 1.15-fold after 731 days. The remaining Ca, K, Mg and Na content in C. japonica leaf litter tended to decrease during decomposition. The remaining K showed a remaining mass of 8.9% as a result of rapid reduction. The initial C/N and C/P ratio of C. japonica leaf litter was 94.87 and 1368.5, respectively. However, it tended to decrease as decomposition progressed because of the immobilization of N and P (2.78 and 2.68-fold of initial content, respectively) during the leaf litter decaying. The study results showed that N and P was immobilized and other nutrients was mineralized in C. japonica leaf litter during experimental period.

멧돼지(Sus scrofa coreanus Heude)의 임상 교란이 토양의 생물학적 활성에 미치는 영향

차상섭 ( Sang Sub Cha ),이상훈 ( Sang Hoon Lee ),채희명 ( Hee Myung Chae ),심재국 ( Jae Kuk Shim ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.6

한반도 낙엽활엽수림에서 멧돼지(Sus scrofa coreanus Heude)는 그 수효가 날로 증가하고 있으며 그들의 임상 교란은 광범위하게 일어나고 있다. 본 연구는 멧돼지의 임상을 파헤치는 교란이 토양생태계의 기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 환경부 장기생태연구지소인 점봉산 지역에서 미생물량 C와 토양 효소의 활성 측정을 실시하였다. 멧돼지에 의해 생성된 교란지형은 표층토양과 하층토양이 섞인 흙더미와 파인 구덩이의 노출된 바닥 2종류로 구분하였고, 인근의 교란을 받지 않은 지역을 대조구로 설정하였다. 토양 유기물 함량은 유기물 함량이 높은 표층의 토양과 하층의 토양이 섞이면서 대조구에서 20.22%로 가장 높은 값이 나타났고, 흙더미와 구덩이의 바닥은 각각 16.91%, 15.52%를 나타내었다. 용적밀도는 구덩이 바닥 토양에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 미생물량 C와 토양 CO2의 발생은 교란을 받지 않은 대조구에서 가장 높이 나타났으며 이는 토양의 유기물 함량과 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 토양의 cellulase와 invertase의 활성은 미생물량 C와 높은 상관관계를 나타내어 유기물의 함량이 토양 효소 활성에 영향을 미침을 나타내었다. 질산환원효소는 구덩이 바닥 토양에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 용적밀도와 높은 상관관계를 나타내어 토양 공극이 적은 다소 혐기적 조건에서 그 활성이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 멧돼지의 파헤치는 교란은 토양의 물리적 특성을 변화시키고, 토양 효소의 활성에 영향을 미쳤다고 판단된다. This study has been carried out to determine the effects of disturbances from wild boar grubbing on the functions of ecosystem, The experiments was performed in Mt. Jumbong of Long-term Ecological Research Sites of the Ministry of Environment. We measured soil physical properties, soil respiration (CO2), microbial biomass C, and soil enzyme activities from both disturbed and control plots. The disturbance sites were divided into two parts, mounds and pits. Soil organic matter contents were highest value at the control plots and lowest at the pit plots, respectively at 20.22% and 15.52%. The soil bulk densities were highest at the pit plots. Soil microbial biomass C and CO2 evolution were significantly higher at the control plots compared to the disturbed plots. The results were positively correlated with soil organic matter contents. The cellulase activity and invertase activity in the soil showed similar pattern as the microbial biomass C and CO2 evolution results. The cellulase activity and invertase activity in the soil were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass C. Soil organic matter contents seemed to affect the soil enzyme activities. The nitrate reductase activities were highest at the pit plots, which showed positive correlation with soil bulk density. The study results showed that the grubbing disturbances by wild boars induced the changes in soil properties, which affected soil microbial activities.

Effects of simulated acid rain on microbial activities and litter decomposition

임성민,차상섭,심재국 한국생태학회 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.4

We assayed the effects of simulated acid rain on the mass loss, CO_2 evolution, dehydrogenase activity, and microbial biomass-C of decomposing Sorbus alnifolia leaf litter at the microcosm. The dilute sulfuric acid solution composed the simulated acid rain, and the microcosm decomposition experiment was performed at 23°C and 40% humidity. During the early decomposition stage, decomposition rate of S. alnifolia leaf litter, and microbial biomass, CO_2 evolution and dehydrogenase activity were inhibited at a lower pH; however, during the late decomposition stage, these characteristics were not affected by pH level. The fungal component of the microbial community was conspicuous at lower pH levels and at the late decomposition stage. Conversely, the bacterial community was most evident during the initial decomposition phase and was especially dominant at higher pH levels. These changes in microbial community structure resulting from changes in microcosm acidity suggest that pH is an important aspect in the maintenance of the decomposition process. Litter decomposition exhibited a positive, linear relationship with both microbial respiration and microbial biomass. Fungal biomass exhibited a significant, positive relationship with CO_2 evolution from the decaying litter. Acid rain had a significant effect on microbial biomass and microbial community structure according to acid tolerance of each microbial species. Fungal biomass and decomposition activities were not only more important at a low pH than at a high pH but also fungal activity, such as CO_2 evolution, was closely related with litter decomposition rate.

대한 콜포스코피,자궁경부병리학회부 : 자궁경암 조기진다시 콜포스코피(Colposcopy)의 가치

송향,차상섭,최호선 대한산부인과학회 1986 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.58 No.-