Mega Double Wall 공법을 통한 지하 외벽 설계 및 시공안전 개선 연구

지경환,최병정 한국방재학회 2019 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.19 No.1

건축물공사의 뼈대에 해당되는 골조공사 중 지하 외벽공사는 외벽 높이도 높고 작업환경도 열악하고 안전위험도 매우 높은 공사이다. 이러한 공사를 수행하는 공법으로는 재래식 형태의 거푸집공법이 있다. 기존 공법은 비계공사, 철근공사, 거푸집공사, 콘크리트 타설공사 등의 기술인 투입이 많고 공사기간도 증가되며 안전사고의 위험성이 높고 품질저하 요인도 발생한다. 이러한 단점을 개선하고자 초기 설계단계에 발주자, 설계자, 시공자간 회의를 거쳐 공장제작 프리캐스트 형태인 대형벽체부재 공법을 개발하여 현장 적용함으로서 기존 공법의 단점인 기술인 투입의 절감, 공기단축, 안전사고 저감, 품질향상 등의 효과가 나타났다. 이는 설계단계에서 부터 안전을 고려한 공법을 제안하는 설계안전 개념을 도입하여 시행한 결과이다. 향후 지하 외벽공사뿐만 아니라 마감공사에서도 설계안전 개념을 도입하여 보다 안전한 공사가 되도록 해야 한다. Underground wall construction that is an under-the-frame construction constituting the skeleton of a building, involves a construction with a high outer wall, poor working environment, and high safety risk. A conventional formwork method exists for such construction. The existing method requires several technicians working in different areas such as scaffolding, rebar construction, formwork construction, and concrete casting construction. In addition, it requires longer construction periods with higher risk of accidents and deterioration in the quality. To overcome such drawbacks, in this work, mega double wall construction method that involves a factory-made precast form, has been used for the initial design stage after discussions between the client, designer, and builder. This method reduces the number of required technicians and construction period, lowers the risk of accidents, and improves the quality, and is a result of introducing the concept of design for safety at the early design stage. In the future, it is necessary to introduce the concept of design for safety not only for underground wall construction, but also for finishing work, thus, allowing for safer overall construction.

정신병원에 근무하는 행정직원의 정신장애인에 대한 태도 연구 : 국립정신병원 직원과 사립정신병원 직원의 비교

지경환,왕은식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.3

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes toward the mentally ill, identify the factors influencing their attitudes of administration clerks in national and private mental hospitals, and to get basic data to develop education program and the strategy to treatment of mental illness. Methods : Total 166 administration clerks working in the two national mental hospital and four private mental hospital were interviewed by Community Attitudes to the Mentally III (CAMI) scale. Results : The administration clerks who working in the mental hospital showed generally sympathetic and positive attitudes in all CAMI scales like other community residents and mental health personnels. Administration clerks working in national mental hospitals showed more positive attitudes in authoritarianism subscale than those in private mental hospitals. Females who live in township areas (myeon), are low educated and have shorter duration of employment in national mental hospitals had relatively negative attitudes toward the mentally ill. Administration clerks working in private mental hospitals showed less significant differences according toward demographic characteristics. Conclusion : It will be necessary to give information and systematic education about mental health for those who have negative attitude toward mentally ill, especially in the early period of employment, further investigations should include comparison between characteristics of administration clerks working in national and private mental hospitals and change in attitudes after Systematic education.

uT 컴퓨팅 환경에서의 에이전트 시스템 적용 사례

지경환,김성태,양정진 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2005 자연과학논문집 Vol.26 No.-

유비쿼터스 시대의 컴퓨팅은 사용자의 의향과 상황을 인지해 동적으로 목표를 설정하고 자동으로 협력해 목표를 달성하게 된다. 앞으로 곧 다가올 새로운 컴퓨팅 환경에서 주된 역할을 하게 될 개체인 에이전트와 이들이 상호 협력하는 기반구조인 다중 에이전트 시스템에 관하여 활발히 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 연구는 uT 컴퓨팅 환경에서 응용될 수 있는 에이전트 시스템의 적용 사례들을 분석하고 기존 연구의 방향, 목적, 장단점을 파악하여 앞으로의 에이전트 연구에 도움이 될 수 있는 기술적 근거를 조사하고 uT 컴퓨팅 환경에서 다중 에이전트 시스템 설계를 위한 방법론을 모색한다. Computing in ubiquitous era introduces that a goal is dynamically set by recognizing user's intention and situational information and that the goal is achieved better through collaborative wok by different components. Agents are the components that take critical roles in the new computing era, the study of multi-agent systems, that is, working through interaction and collaboration among agents is actively pursued along with the current demand. Our work focuses on the case studies of multi-agent system applications in ubiquitous computing environment. The study of the analysis enables us to extract rational direction of multi-agent system research in the future and the methodology of developing multi-agent system in ubiquitous computing environment.

설계안전성 검토 시행에 따른 국내 건설업 주체의 안전개선 연구

지경환,최병정 대한안전경영과학회 2017 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.19 No.4

This thesis provides background information on DFS carried out by the government in an effort to reduce the accident rate, cases of DFS in other advanced countries to study their risk detection, risk assessment, risk control measures, and cases in which application of DFS during the designing phase succesfully led to reduction of the accident rate. Till now, the focus has been on incident responses after the occurance of accidents, it describes the importance of considering safety during the desining process through safety results and cases.

미용성형수술 환자의 심리적 특성과 미용수술이 이에 미치는 영향

지경환,이상익 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

최근 일반인의 미용수술에 대한 인식이 달라지게 되면서, 많은 수의 일반인들이 미용성형 수술에 대해보다 긍정적인 태도를 가지게 되었다. 하지만 지금까지의 연구 결과는 미용성형 수술을 받은 환자의 경우 정신과적 이상이 있다는 보고가 많았다. 본 연구는 미용성형수술을 받은 환자군을 대상으로 다양한 심리학적 평가를 실시하여, ① 미용성형수술환자의 정신과적·심리적 특성을 밝혀낸 후 ② 재건수술군 및 일반 대조군과의 비교를 통해, 최근 미용성형수술을 원하는 환자들의 변화되었을 것으로 추정되는 성형과 ③ 미용성형수술이 이들에게 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 방 법 : 충북대학교병원 성형외과와 청주시내의 두 개인 성형외과를 방문하여 미용성형수술과 재건수술을 받은 환자군 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 각 집단의 심리적 특성을 알아보기 위해 기초 설문조사, 신체상 척도, 자아주체성, 간이정신진단검사 등의 측정도구로 수술 전과 수술 후의 심리상태를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 재건수술 환자군이 미용수술군 및 대조군에 비해 신체적 문제로 인한 심리적 스트레스를 더 심하게 받고 있었다. 2) 신체상 척도, 자아주체성 척도, 간이정신진단검사에 미용수술군과 대조군 간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 미용수술군은 수술 후 신체화, 강박증, 대인예민성, 우울, 불안, 적대감, 편집증 GSI, PSDI, PST등 간이 정신진단검사의 거의 모든 항목에서 호전이 있었다. 4) 미용수술군에서 수술후 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 자아주체성 척도의 자기수용, 도특성 항목과 간이정신진담검사의 강박증, 신체와 척도가 있었다. 자기 수용이 낮고, 자신에 대한 독특성이 높을수록 만족도가 높았고, 신체적 증상 호소가 많을수록 만족도가 낮았다. 5) 미용수술군에서 수술전 기대감이 높을수록 만족도가 낮은 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론. 이상의 결과에서 미용성형수술은 원하는 환자들이 정신 병리적으로 일반인과 차이가 없었으며, 미용성형수술이 환자들의 정신건강을 호전시킬 수 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또 신체적 증상 호소 정도와 자신의 건강에 대한 생각, 그리고 안전성과 강박성에 대한 평가를 할 수 있는 간편한 검사 방법이 개발된다면 수술 후 만족도가 낮거나 재수술을 반복할 경향이 있는 환자를 선별할 수 있는 좋은 도구가 될 것이다. Objectives : Along with the fact that people change their attitude on aesthetic surgery, many people become to have positive viewpoint on aesthetic surgery. However, according to the recent study result, it showed that aesthetic surgery patients tend to have psychopathology. To investigate effects of aesthetic surgery and tendency of aesthetic surgery patients which is presumed to be changed, various psychological evaluations were performed in the sample who had undergone aesthetic surgery. Also psychiatric and psychological attributes of aesthetic plastic surgery patients were compared with those of reconstructive surgery group and those of normal controls. Method : 50 of reconstructive surgery group and 50 of normal control group were selected from Dept. of Plastic Surgery of Chungbuk National University Hospital and two private plastic surgery clinics in Cheong-ju. To find out each group's psychological attributes, pre-and post-operative psychological conditions were evaluated by administering basic survey, body image scale, ego identity scale, and SCL-90-R. Result : 1) Patients in the group of reconstructive surgery received more stress than those in the group of aesthetic surgery and normal controls. 2) There were no significant differences in the scores of body image scale, ego identity scale and SCL-90-R between reconstructive surgery group and normal control group. 3) After aesthetic surgery, aesthetic surgery group showed improvement in almost every item in SCL-90-R, such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, GSI, PSDI and PST sub-scales. 4) The factors which affected on the satisfaction after surgery among group of aesthetic surgery were self-acceptance, uniqueness in self-identity scale and obsessive-compulsive, somatization in SCL-90-R. When self-acceptance was low and self-uniqueness was high, satisfaction was high. And the more patients complained about physical symptom, satisfaction was low. 5) The factors which influenced on the opinion of re-operation among group of aesthetic surgery were stability in self-identity scale, obsessive-compulsive and somatization in SCL-90-R, and physical health in body image scale. When stability was low, complaints about physical wymptoms were high, viewpoint on one's health was negative and the chance of re-operation was high. 6) In group of aesthetic surgery, the higher the expectation was before surgery, the lower the satisfaction was after surgery. Conclusion : As described in above study result, patients who planned to have aesthetic surgery were not different from common people in terms of psychopathology. And it was also found that aesthetic surgery could improve patient's mental health. If simply administrable evaluation method to measure complaints about physical symptoms, viewpoint on one's health, stability and obsessive-compulsive is invented in the near future, it will be possible to screen patients who are likely to have low satisfaction after surgery and high tendency to have re-operation.

A Comparison of Measured Entrance Doors’ Data with those of Airtightness Standards

지경환,이동석,조재훈 ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF KOREA 2014 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.30 No.3

설계안전성 적용을 통한 안전사고 예방을 위한 안전개선 연구

지경환,최병정 한국방재학회 2019 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.19 No.2

This study focuses on the necessity of a review system for design safety to reduce safety accidents in the construction industry, and discusses the background that motivates the introduction of such a system. It also emphasizes the study of serious accident cases that have occurred in a two year period in the recent past (2015-2016). In these cases the cause of the accident was not just due to construction error, but was also because of faulty design. In addition, the study examines the design safety systems implemented in advanced countries. Further, it studies the risk factors, risk assessment, and risk reduction measures to be carried out on an ongoing basis to ensure continual design safety after the system's initial introduction into the domestic construction industry. The need for a review system for design safety is explained through case studies where safety accidents were reduced due to the safety reviews carried out in the initial design and later construction phases. The data from these studies can be used to build an illustrative framework that facilitates a reduction of safety related accidents. Such a reduction requires that not only must contractors take precautionary measures and special care in a building's construction phase, but designers too must do so in its design phase. 본 연구는 최근 건설업에서의 안전사고 저감을 위해 시행하는 설계안전성 검토 제도의 필요성과 도입배경에 대해 설명하였으며, 최근 2년(2015~2016)간 발생한 안전사고 중 중대재해 사례중심으로 사고원인이 시공측면뿐만 아니라 설계측면에도 많은 비중을 차지함을 연구하고자 하였다. 또한, 선진국에서 시행되고 있는 설계안전제도를 살펴보고 국내 건설업에서의 설계 안전제도 도입 후 설계안전을 위해 실시해야 하는 위험요소 도출, 위험성평가, 위험저감 대책에 대한 내용을 연구하고 대규모 프로젝트를 수행하면서 초기 설계단계, 시공단계에서부터 설계안전성검토를 적용하여 안전사고를 낮춘 실제 적용사례를 연구하여 초기 단계에서의 설계안전성검토가 필요한 이유에 대하여 설명하였다. 적용사례를 통해 안전사고를 저감 시키는 주체는 시공자뿐만아니라 발주자, 설계자 모두가 관심을 갖고 참여할 때만이 가능하다는 것을 보여줄 수 있는 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

국내 고층 공동주택의 기밀성능 특성 분석 및 누기부위 조사

지경환(Ji, Kyung-Hwan),신현국(Shin, Hyun-Kook),조재훈(Jo, Jae-Hun) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2016 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.4

In this paper, airtightness is measured using fan pressurization method in order to analyze the airtightness characteristics of residential buildings. Airtightness for 857 units of 5 complexes is measured. From the result, average ACH50 is 2.47 (1/h) and air permeability is 2.40 (m³/h·m²). ACH50 and air permeability have similar values, and it relates to S/V ratio. In addition, ACH50 tends to be low the larger floor area. The average n-value is 0.61, which indicates the characteristics of cracks where leakage happens. The key leakage points are entrance doors and windows frame connection, pipe penetration, and AD/PD dry wall.

공동주택 단위 세대의 기밀 품질 시공에 따른 기밀성능 비교

지경환(Ji, Kyung-Hwan),이동석(Lee, Dong-Seok),조재훈(Jo, Jae-Hun) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2021 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.3

Recently, interest in passive building techniques has been increased to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Accordingly, airtightness has become increasingly emphasized to reduce energy costs of heating and cooling attributable to infiltration and exfiltration. In this study, we compared airtightness value for apartment and mixed-use residential buildings, and evaluated the airtightness according to the airtightness quality construction. We conducted airtightness measurement using fan pressurization method for 37 units in 3 residentail buildings. As a result, the airtightness of the apartment unit was measured airtight. The airtightness was poorly measured for units with a drywall. And the airtightness was measure at a level of about one-third of the building with airtight quality construction.

설계안전성검토를 통한 지하외벽공사의 안전개선 연구

지경환(Kyung-Hwan Ji),최병정(Byong-Jeong Choi) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.4

설계안전성검토 제도 도입으로 현장공사수행 시 안전을 고려한 설계를 도입해야하나 실제 현장에서 설계안전성검토를 적용하여 수행하기에는 아직 미흡한 점이 많다. 본 연구에서는 설계안전성검토를 적용하지 않은 현장과 적용을 한 현장을 비교연구하였다. 적용공종은 건축물공사의 뼈대에 해당되는 골조공사 중 지하외벽공사에 대하여 연구하였다. 지하외벽 공사는 대부분 작업 조건이 외부 환경에 노출되어 작업조건이 열악하고 작업단계도 비계공사, 거푸집공사, 철근공사, 콘크리트타설공사 등을 거쳐야 완성되므로 안전사고 위험요소가 매우 높은 공종이다. 이에 각단계별 위험요소를 도출하고 위험성 평가를 실시하여 이를 저감하기 위한 대안공법을 선정하였다. 대안으로 선정된 공법의 위험요소를 도출하고 위험성평가를 실시하여 설계안전성검토 미적용현장과 적용현장을 비교하여 위험성평가 가중치를 산출하고 저감효과를 연구하여 설계안전성검토가 필요한 사유를 설명하였다. 또한, 대안으로 수립된 공법을 실제 적용한 사례를 연구하여설계안전성검토 필요성을 제시하였다. Safety-conscious design on site is required for site constructions because of the introduction of the design for safety, but it still leaves much to be desired. This study compared the site where the design was applied and the site where it was not applied. The applied case examined the underground wall construction during frame construction, which corresponds to the skeleton of the building construction. The underground wall construction is quite risky due to the exposure to exterior environments and involvement of various stages, such as scaffolding, formwork, reinforcing work, and concrete casting work. Therefore, the risk factors for each stage were identified and a risk assessment was carried out to select an alternative method to reduce the risk. The risk factors of the selected alternative construction method were also identified and a risk assessment was conducted. The risk assessment weight was calculated by comparing the site where the construction method was applied and the site where it was not, explaining the necessity of the design for safety in reducing the risk. In addition, an actual case where an alternative construction method was used was studied to highlight the necessity for a design for safety.