영산호 주위의 수질 및 생물 군집 구조에 관한 연구

주흥규,박봉헌 한국물환경학회 1991 한국물환경학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The investigation of Physico-chemical water quality and the composition of aquatic organism communities were made from August to September 1988 in the fresh water and seawater areas of Kei-do island, Nabul-do island and Oey-do island around the Young-san Dam. We could get the results as follows ; 1. The consumption of KMnO_4, in the underground water and the criterion of drinking water of general bacillus, and the group of colon bacillus is based on the lack of the hygienic sense for the underground water control of this residents. 2. It is not seemed that the condition of pollution of small river, flowing from the Nabul-do island and Oey-do island to the Young-san Dam, is serious on the physico-chemical point of view, Coliform Group appears high as 4.4×10^3~1.8×10^4 which will affect to the pollution of Young-san dam. 3. The rate of dissolved oxygen in the surface water is rate high as 8.1~9.8ppm, in bottom water as 7.2~9.4ppm. Because the geographical condition of the Young-san dam is different from that of other area in this country there is no higher mountain around it, the dam of Young-san is very wide, affected by the wind, the surface of water runs high, the air contact of water is so wide. 4. BOD and COD make little difference in the surface water and intermediate water, and points of investigating areas. That is ; BOD is 1.5~3.4ppm in surface water, 1.4~3.4ppm in intermediate water, COD is 3.1~5.7ppm in surface water, 3.2~5.2ppm in intermediate water. This result shows that there is no particular outlet source which causes the point source contamination around the Young-san dam. 5. The floating materials show the various distribution at the points of investigation are-as, however that site 2 appears 24~29ppm, the highest rate, is that the widely prevalent fishing net fishery is more source of pollution than the many kinds of shellfish lives in this area. 6. The nutritive salt that is the important materials to decide the nutrition is 0.33~0.61ppm in total nitrate, 0.11 ~0.23ppm in total phoshate with comparatively low. The reason that T-N is 0.58~0.61ppm and T-P is 0.21~0.23ppm with the highest rate of measurement on August in site 1 is because very wide farm land locates in this area and the mixed fertilizer is flowing into this dam during this month. 7. Salinity is not affected by the tied after the construction of the dam, but it is indicating the 78~150ppm in surface water, 83~248ppm in intermediate water by the seawater mixing with freshwater through the outlet gate and gate for shipping and that shows as-pects of water quality of estuary area. 8. District Kwangju city, Naju city, and many small towns are located in upper the Young-san, dam, so that domestic sewage is flowing into the dam without sewage theatment. E. coil indicates the 1.0×10~5.2×10^3 at every points of investigation. Thus this dam is dangerous lake with the pollution of bacillus. 9. A small amount of heavy metal is detected by the clark number because there is no such a big industrial estate around the Young-san dam that will make the water of the Young-san dam be polluted. 10. The quality of seawater around the Young-san dam is comparatively good, but is pol-luted a little by the floating materials, E. coil and n-Hexane. In case of inflow of the tide, the floating material around Mokop harbour will give an in-fluence to the dam. 11. Although the Young-san dam was constructed 7 years ago, this dam has a very different character from the other inland lakes. That is ; this dam is a kind of mixing water with seawater and freshwater everyday with oceanic plankton and fresh water's plankton living together. The species which are observed 69 species of 40 genera belong to 6 families among which phytoplankton is 54 species, 76% of all species. Especially bacillariophyta among phytoplankton is 46 species that is 85% of all. On the other hand zooplankton among the species is 15 species, among which rotifera is 9 species, that is 60% of all. 12. The investigation showed that fish 27 species of 25 genera of were found in this dam. Carassious auratus was dominant species and 21 species of 17 genera. Coilia ectens were found in lower seawater area, Almost the fish in the dam were the primary freshwater fish, it showed that the quality of the water in the dam was purified remarkably, but we found that the fish between in the seawater and fresh water were living there.

工場廢水 處理에 따르는 水質의 變動과 그成分 相互間의 相關性에 관한 硏究

朱興珪 朝鮮大學校 1976 綜合論文集 Vol.1976 No.-

In the 4 kinds of industries (2 factories for each industry), the qualities of waste water and treated water by the various waste water treating methods in 8 factories were investigated. The results are as follows: 1. All of the waste water of factories were over the standard levels for waste water. 2. Flocculation-Sedimentation method is most favorable in treatment of waste water in the textile factories, because in such factories with dyeing processes, it isn't desirable by the metbods of sand filtration, Sedimentation and flocculation-sedimentation with aeration. In the food factories the methods of flocculation-sedimentation with aeration are desirable. In paper manufacturing the methods of sand filtration, sedimentation and flocculation-sedimentation can be applied but the method of flocculation-sedimentation is most favorable among these methods. The method of flocculation-sedimentation with aeration can be applied in the fermentation factories. 3. Thecharacteristics of treated waste water of each factory were understood by the calculation of their coefficient of correlation among the determined values. 4. Calculation from the equations among the strong correlationships of items, can widen the range of interpretation and these calculated values can be applied to the judgement of the normal values or not. 5. Instead of the complicated BOD, the turbidity of simple experimental items can be applied in food, fermentation, textile and paper industries.

주암호 상류지류의 수질에 관한 연구 : 사평천을 중심으로 On The Sapyung River

주흥규,홍승호,백종오 조선대학교 약학연구소 1998 藥學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

The water quality of Sapyung stream, one of four branches of Lake Chuam, was investigated in August and October. 1995. The results are as follows : 1. The pH of all the investigated sites was ranged from 5.5 to 7.6 which is similar to ordinary streams in Korea, which is an evidence that there it was no source to change the pH significantly 2 In the first investigation DO was ranged from 5.5 to 7.4 ppm, which was slightly lower ppm than other streams, because it was higher atmospheric temperature(35℃) and water temperature(30.5℃) It was ranged from 7.3 to 7.4 ppm in the second investigation, indicating that site is relatively stable and clear area. 3. BOD during all the investigation was ranged from 1.0 to 2.7ppm, indication that it is good water quality. 4. NH₃-N, indicator of water pollution was ranged from 0.03 to 0.07ppm, It is believed that the source was not the contamination of the water 5. NO₂-N and NO₃-N were slightly higher in the first investigation than the second investigation. This is a result of better nitrification in the first investigation because it was longer daylight time and higher water temperature. 6. Chlorine ion concentraton, total hardness, and PO₄-P were detected homogeneously in all investigated area. It is believed that they are due to characteristics of the ground and are not the evidence of point source contamination when compared to other streams. 7. The level of contamination due to general bacteria and E. coli was much lower than other streams, however, in the detection of 7.9x10² E. coli at sites 5, water quality of main stream of Lake chuam needs to be monitored closely.

光州川 水質의 經時變化에 관한 比較硏究

朱興珪,姜壽鐵 조선대학교 약학연구소 1989 藥學硏究誌 Vol.11 No.1

Along with rapid expansion and population rise of Kwangju City, it is inevitable that the urban sewage and industrial waste pollute Kwangju Stream. Having the Kwangju Stream partitioned into three areas ; the upper, middle, and down stream, the writer investigated ten items of water quality, and compared the water quality of 1986 to that of 1981, and 1984. From this investigation, results are obtained as the following: The pH of Kwangju Stream is 6.8 to 7.6, which is almost the same as those of the common streams in Korea. This means that there is not so much of special industrial waste causing the pH of water to change greatly yet in Kwangju. Remarkable increase of NH_3-N and BOD, components indicating pollutionity of urban stream, is observed in the downstream, which shows that the stream is polluted by the urban lifne sewage here. NO much differece of NO_2N is observed from area to area, but it is lowered a little in the downstream. This means that organic substances in the urban life sewage are oxidized and decreased due to aeration. The DO is observed the less as going down the stream, but a little increase of it is observed in the downstream, maybe, owing to the small brooks flowing into the stream from the nearby hills. Number of normal bacteria, and MPN are increased rapidly up to 4.96×10^4, and 5.78×10^4, respectively, in the middle stream because almost a half of the urban life sewage from Kwangju City flows into this area. In comparing the analytical values of the three different research years, rapid increase of NH_3-?? is noticed in the upper stream. This means that this area is polluted by the urban life sewage as the population around this area, recently developed, has increased for the while. The NO_2-N is noticed in almost the same phenomenon as NH_3-N in the upper stream, yet the pollutionity is decreased a little bit or remained in almost the similar degree in the middle and down stream. This shows that the areation has been stimulated by the faster velocity of water and extension of water surface owing to the irrigation ponds recently constructed on the beds of Kwangju Stream. The residue on evaporation and suspending solids raise a significant problem in the water area between Nam Kwangju Station and Yuduk-dong. This is caused by litterbugging of citizens having no sense of public order, which is also one of the charateristics of the urban stream. The BOD is also noticed in almost the same pattern as NH_3-N. The analytical value for 1986 is 2.8 times as mich of that of 1981, and 1.6 times as much of that of 1984 in the upper stream ; 1.7 times, and 1.1 times, respectively, in the middle stream ; and 1.9 times, and 1.2 times, respectively, in the downstream. That is to say, more increase of pollutionity is noticed in the upper stream than the area near the urban center. Number of normal bacteria and the MPN are also noticed in almost the same pattern as NH_3-N. Number of normal bacteria in the upper stream was 9.0×10^3 in 1981, but it is increased to be 2.7×10^4 in 1986, about three times of the former. The MPN was 3.6×10^3 in 1981, but it is increased to be 3.4×10^3 in 1986, 9.7 times of the former. This is owing to urban life sewage increased along with the population rise. Any remarkable increase of normal bacteria number is not obserbed over the whole stream, but MPN is increased almost double from the previous research year. This means that much fecal excrete is included in the urban life sewage, by which the urban stream is characterized. These data may serve as important materials in deducing components of water quality of other streams under natural conditions similar to those of Kwangju Stream in this research.

汚染된 水資源을 利用한 上水道急速 濾過에서 Flock生成 促進에 관한 硏究

朱興珪,徐華中,趙幸男 조선대학교 약학연구소 1979 藥學硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

The water of Dong Bog Dam, the water works source of Gwang Ju city, was analyzed physical chemically and bacteriologically to gain a information about the drug treatment of water works during four seasons in 1978. According to the results, the water quality had somewhat characteristic pattern which had markedly difference between surface and bottom water layer. The surface layer had a fairly good quality but the bottom layer of the central part of the Dam, being Comparatively deep, show deficiency of DO and increase of BOD, KMnO_4 consumed, bacteria number, NH_3-N, total hardness and low value of pH, which are due to the precipitant of turbid from upper streams or orginated in the Dam. The high content of NO_2-N in the station 4 seems that high degree of autopurification has finished on the way before it reached the Dam water. According to the temperature effect on coagulation, the optimal temperature was 12∼24℃. Out of above range about 30% of coagulant required had to be increased. Flock formation by Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O, FeSO_4·7H_2O and Fe_2(SO_4)_3 made little any difference each other at same temperature. Fecl_3·6H_2O made the flocculation rapidly at 10∼15℃ but showed down at other range of temperature. Optimal pH and alkali degree were pH 6.0∼7.8 for 3∼5 minutes when 25ppm of Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O and 12∼18ppm of alkali were added. Flock formation by FeSO_4·7H_2O and Fecl_3·6H_2O was possible only at high pH range(pH8∼11). The most part of Fe^?? remained in the suppernatant liquid under condition of pH 9.5. Flocculation by Fe_2(SO_4)_3 required comparatively large range of pH, but was more rapid at pH 6.3. In order to elevate the coagulating effect author shake first for 3 minutes at 100rpm and then for 2 minutes at 10∼20rpm, So this procedure shorted the time required for flocculation.

榮山湖 上流支流의 水質에 관한 硏究 : 黃龍江에 대하여 On the Hwang Ryong river

朱興珪,朴勝吉 조선대학교 약학연구소 1994 藥學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

Physico-chemical and microbiological research of water quality of Hwang ryong river, one of the tributary streams of the upper stream from Lake Youngsan, was performed twice in May 1991, and June 1991, and results are obtained from this research as the following: 1. The pH of the whole research area is 7.0 to 7.4, on much difference from those of common rivers in Korea, which says that there is no special factors to change the pH around Hwang ryong river noticeably. 2. The DO is a little bit lower at the second observation than at the first observation, but it is considered that it is due to the difference of water temperature. Distribution of the DO throughout all research sites is in similar pattern at both observations, the first and the second one. 3. The BOD is 2,21ppm to 3.80ppm that makes comparatively stable quality of river water except from Site 1 to Site 3 where urban life sewage flows in from Songjung-dong and branch streams of Geukrak river join mixed with urban life sewage from Kwangiu City. 4. Some N_2 compounds, nutritive salts, observed are 0.04ppm to 0.09ppm of NH_3-N, 0.06ppm to 0.40ppm of NO_2-N, and 1.30ppm to 4.50ppm of NO_3-N, except from Site 1 to Site 3. There is no water layer polluted by special point source contamination. But 0.08ppm of 1.40ppm NH_3-N, 0.35ppm to 0.73ppm of NO_2-N, and 2.60ppm to 5.20ppm of NO_3-N, are abserved from Site 1 to Site 3, higher than other areas due to the same cause as in case of BOD. Here PO_4-P, is observed almost homogenously to be 0.01ppm to 0.03ppm. This says that nutritive aslts in Hwangryon river are not increased by cause of special point source contamination, but by pollutants dissolved from chemical fertilizers used on farm land. 5. Each of CI-ion and hardness are 21.02ppm to 68.38ppm, and 60.00ppm to 75.50ppm, respectively, a little different from site to site of research, but it is considered that this is not due to point source contamination, compared to other rivers of Korea, but mainly due to soil quality or Clark Number. 6. Normal bacteria and E. Coli are rather low compared to other rivers of Korea. However, the fact that 1.6×10^4 to 1.8×10^4 of E. Coli is analyzed at this research is enough to demand our attention to the management of water quality of Hwangryong river even on the viewpoint of water conservation of the main stream from Lake Youngsan, considering that the water area around this river is the closet to the main stream from Lake Youngsan and also where urban life sewage flows in from Kwangju City including Songjung-dong.

臨海工團 廢水가 沿岸海水에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究 : 영양염류를 中心으로 on the nutrititional salts

주흥규,김남종 조선대학교 환경연구소 1989 環境公害硏究 Vol.6 No.-

This is the conclusion of the study on some nutritional salts included in the wastewaters and the sewages through 2 years, from 1986 to 1987. These are the wastewater being treated and discharged to the neighboring kwangyang Bay from the factories which are discharging the wastewater in the internal area of Yeochon Industrial Estate(Y.I.E), the sewage of Ssangbong area, the external area of Y.I.E, being discharged to the neighboring kamak Bay, the water treated by the night-soil treated plant in Yeosu city, the wastewater of Factory-H in this area and the sewage of the Yeondeung stream being flowed into Yeosu Harbor. 1. In Contents of PO_(4)-P and TKN in the wastewater being treated and discharged to the kwangyang Bay from 14 factories in Y.I.E the PO_(4)-P showed respectively 2.348mg/l at factory D and 2.020mg/l at factory A-I (main plant), and TKN showed 38.862mg/l and 71.337mg/l. These are the highest contents compared with the other factories. In the other factories, PO_(4)-P is 0.08-0.149mg/l and TKN is 0.350-11.994mg/l. 2. The ratio of treatment on PO_(4)-P and TKN by the current wastewater treatment is irregular and the average ratios of treatment in general show 85.4% in PO_(4)-P and 66.4% in TKN. 3. The loading amounts of the nutritional salts loaded the neighboring kwangyang Bay from the waste and treated waste of 14 factories in Y.L.E are 16.77kg/l, in PO_(4)-P and 484.46kg/l each when the water is originally wasted. 4. The contents of the nutritional salts in the Ssangbong sewage A and B of the external area Y.I.E discharged to kamak Bay, the treated water of the night-soil treated plant in Yeochnn city and the waste and treated water of factory-H in Yeosu are as follows. PO_(4)-P are 0.689mg/l, 1.085mg/l, 1.103mg/l and 0.0027mg/l in order and TKN are 15.654mg/l, 24.194mg/l, 28.675mg/l and 0.980mg/l. 5. The contents of PO_(4)-P and TKN in the Yeondeung stream which han an indirect influence on kamak Bay are 0.884mg/l and 15.234mg/l each, and the loading amounts by one day are 38.633kg and 665.756kg. 6. According to the measurement result, the entire area of kamak Bay close by the land also is the same. But the other areas belong to the Eutrophicated sea area.

光州市 地下水의 水質汚染에 관한 硏究

朱興珪,崔炯一,洪榮基 조선대학교 환경연구소 1987 環境公害硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The study on the physical, chemical and bacteriological examination for the characterictics of ground water quality at 15 sites in kwangju city from August to September 1986 The results obtained on as follows. 1. The monthly average water temperature of ground water in Kwangju city shows no drastic change, compared with 17.93±4.07℃ of August, and 17.8±1.8℃ of September, and it shows the Homothermous line. 2. Throughout the all survey sites, PH was 6.1∼7.2 and it shows the slightly acidic water. 3. NH_(3)-N was detected a little over the whole15 sites but a little more NH_(3)-N in the site 11 and 15. These seem to be due to the soil pollution originated the formland in the past. 4. Results of physical and chemical examination was generally under the standard water quality. 5. The monthly average of Normal bacteria Number and E. Coli were a little more quantity than the standard water quality of drinking water. These seem to be due to the contamination phenomenone resulting from the user's lack of the hygienic sence and the improper management of pumping tube. So it is vitally demanded that management should be enlightened.

榮山湖 上流支術의 水質에 관한 硏究 : 極藥江을 中心으로 On the Geuk-Rak river

朱興珪,文大中 조선대학교 약학연구소 1992 藥學硏究誌 Vol.14 No.1

Physico-chemical and microbiological research of water quality of Geukrak River, on of the three tributary streams of the upper stream from Lake Youngsan, was performed in February 1992, on March 1992, and results are obtained from this research as the following: 1. The pH of the whole research area is 7.0 to 7.6, comparatively homogeneous of all area, which says that there is no special factors to change the pH around Geukrak River noticeably. 2. The DO is 5.7ppm to 9.0ppm at the first observation, and 5.4ppm to 8.8ppm a little bit lower at the second observation, but it is distributed in similar pattern througout all research area. 3. The BOD is 2.9ppm to 3.7ppm except Site l and Site 3 during the whole research period, that makes comparatively stable quality of lake water. But it is 4.1ppm and 4.8ppm at Site l, and 4.7ppm at Site 3, owing to the influence of various untreated organic substances from the outlets of the urban life sewage treatment plant of Kwangju City. 4. Except Site 2 and Site 3, 1.0ppm to 5.8ppm of NH_3-N, 0.08ppm to 0.29ppm of NO_2-N, 1.15ppm to 3.20ppm of NO_3-N, and 0.01ppm to 0.04ppm of PO_4-P are observed, all comparatively low. But NH_3-N and PO_3-P are observed to be 5.5ppm to 8.0ppm, 8.3ppm to 10.5ppm, and 0.06ppm to 0.08ppm at Site 2 and Site 3, higher than other areas due to the same cause as in case of BOD. 5. Each of Cl-ion and Hareness are 27.02ppm to 36.87ppm and 22.40ppm to 37.52ppm, respectively, at the first observation, and 33.01ppm to 41.48ppm, and 44.14ppm to 76.01ppm, respectively, at the second observation. A little bit of increase is found at the second observation from the first observation, but it is considered that this increase is not due to dangerous point source contamination, compared to other rivers, but maily due to the quality of soil. 6. Normal bacteria and E. Coli are 1.8×10^2 to 2.4×10^4, and 1.2×10^2 to 1.9×10^4 over the whole research area. It shows diverse distribution, but pretty low compared to other rivers. However, 2.2×10^3 to 1.9×10^4 of E. Coli analyzed from Site l to Site 3. and this fact draws special attention to the management of water quality of Geukrak River, considering that these sites are the closest to the main stream of Lake Youngsan.

合成洗劑의 毒性에 關한 硏究

朱興珪,崔炯一,吳昌吉 조선대학교 환경연구소 1987 環境公害硏究 Vol.4 No.-

This studies were carried out to investigate the effect of synthetic detergent concentration on the activation level of activated sludge, the removal rate of COD, and LAS removabilty to BOD and MLSS induction. The results were as follows: LAS removability, activated sludge accerlated more 36.35% than simple aeration in 2 days. At 50 ppm of LAS concentration level, difference came out from activated slduge treatment, while there was 9% difference in simple aeration due to the fact the activity level of activated sludge fell(was lowered) because the toxicity of LAS itself affected(influenced on) the acitivity of microoganisms in the water. Activated sludge had normal sludge-moving in 30ppm bat decreasing effect of its moving in 40 ppm and each sludge was crowded around one side and expanded in 50 ppm LAS concentration. COD removal rate was showed decreasing effect from 60∼70ppm, and less the 50% at 140 ppm in LAS concentration. The bubbling phenomena was occured in 0.4g of BOD and MLSS, compared to the 0.2g of BOD and MLSS in 30ppm LAS, it is suggested that LAS removability was greatly influenced by the induction of BOD and MLSS.