한국경제학의 모색 (연구조사자료4) 121~161

주종환,김준보,조용범 한국경제연구원 1983 한국경제연구원 연구조사자료 Vol.YJ1983-001 No.-

營農規模增大方案에 關한 硏究 : 水稻專作地帶를 中心으로

朱宗桓,車洪均,鄭弘祐 동국대학교 농림과학연구소 1991 農林科學 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The objectives of this study is to make a survey on various ways of the Korean farmers to enhance their farming size in paddy field for rice production and thereby to propose to the government for some policy measures. The major findings through this survey are as follows; (1) The independent enhancement of farming size without any cooperative organization between farmers shows many limitations, such as the bottlenecks due to shortage of farm labour supply, the difficulties of buying lands due to high land price, the too much scattered locations of paddy fields, the instability of the lease contracts of lands, etc. (2) The collectivized farming based on collectivization of land, capital and labour for farming group seems to be unable to sustain due to difficulties of adjustment of mutual interests between member farmers. (3) Current enhancement of farm size is pursued between farmers mainly in the following directions ; 1) the enlargement of the leased land 2) formation of the organization for cooperative utilization of farm machines 3) formation of the organization for custom works by farm machines. The above ways for enhancement of farming size, however, have many limitations to secure competitiveness of rice farming of Korean farms in the international dimentions. This study, therefore, propose to the government as follows; (1) Regional farming organization for integration of paddy land covering a wider range of village members should be stimulated by government support mainly to the young successors of farmers. (2) The government policy in the past for fostering small scale of individual farm mechanization groups should be renovated to the policy to stimulate formation of regional farming organizations covering wider ranges of area to realize scale economics in rice production.

스칸디나비아 諸國과 EFTA

朱宗桓 동국대학교 유럽연구소 1985 유럽硏究 Vol.3 No.-

韓國農業金融政策의 性格과 構造에 關한 硏究

朱宗桓 동국대학교 농림과학연구소 1986 農林科學 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

This paper was initially prepared for the invited resource paper for the International Seminar on Farm Creait held in Tokyo during 17th-29th August, 1986 by the Asian Productivity Organization (APO). This is the translation of the above paper into Korean, The contents are as follows : 1. Essential features of Farm Credit policies. 1) Roles of farm credit policies in the national economry as a whole. 3. Specialities of farm credit in general. 4. Roles of farm credit policies in Korea. 5. Structure of farm credit policies in Korea. 6. Structure of policy-oriented farm credit in Korea. 7. Diversities and problems of farm credit Supplies. 8. Policy proposals on farm credit.

韓國에 있어서 「土地公槪念」政策의 現狀과 課題

朱宗桓 동국대학교 농림과학연구소 1991 農林科學 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

韓國의 現行農地制度에 관한 考察

朱宗桓 韓國農業政策學會 1976 농업경영정책연구 Vol.3 No.1

덴마크의 農業政策과 土地政策

朱宗桓 동국대학교 유럽문화연구소 1983 유럽硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This study aims to take lessons for implementing the future agricultural policy and land policy in Korea by reviewing those policies in Denmark. Chapter 1 is a brief over-view on the over-all economy of Denmark. It is noted that the per capita GNP of Denmark in 1980 is US$ 11,435, the 6th highest in the world and the income distribution is highly equalized. These good performances of the economy seem to be based on the Denmark's policies that have put the first priority to development and stability of income of family farms. Chapter 2 makes a brief over-view on the Danish Agriculture with emphasis on the structural changes that happened in the process of industrial development after World War Ⅱ. A century ago Denmark had about 180,000 farms and small holdings over a half hectare in area (1.23 acres). By 1946 a high point of 208,000 was reached through socially directed land laws. Since then many small holdings were amalgamated or swallowed up by the expanding towns. The decline has been particularly rapid since 1960. In 1981 the number of individual farming enterprises was down to about 112,000, of which 12,000 were less than 5ha. in area. The average size of farm was 18 ha. in 1960 but reached 29 ha. in 1981. The weight of the farms holding less than 20 ha. was 74.5% but decreased to 61.1% in 1972, and this declining tendency went further, in contrast with the corresponding increase of the weight of the farms holding more than 50 ha. from 3.2% in 1960 to 6.9% in 1972. As for the type of ownership, the owner-operating farm is still completely dominant. Tenant farmers were represented by only about 2,600 farms with 2.8% of the total agricultural area in 1981, while the renting of land by others occupied 13% of the total area of the agricultural land. From 1950 to 1980 Danish agricultural production was increased by 70%., while the number of people employed in this industry dropped to a third of the original work force. This meant that production per head was increased 5-fold. This was mainly due to increased mechanization. In 1981 there were 180,000 tractors, one-and-a-half per farm on average. Danish agriculture is worldly well known with her well organized agricultural cooperatives. Chapter 2 also makes a brief survey on the recent trend of the organizational changes of the cooperatives. Chapter 3 traces some changes occurred in the agricultural price policies since the Danish entry into EEC in 1973. Chapter 4 analyzes the characteristics of the agricultural land policy and the agricultural structural policy in Denmark. In fact the Agricultural Holding Act as amended and enforced in 1978 stipulated many restrictions on amalgamation, renting, parcelling and others of the farms. It also set the highest limit of the size of the farm(s) to 100ha. per farm. The local agricultural cooperatives and the agricultural councils in local areas have active powers on every deal on the agricultural lands. Chapter 5 deals with the Danish Regional Planning. The first planning reform was made by the Rural Zones Law of 1969, and the second reform by the laws on National and Regional Planning of 1973 as well as the laws on Regional Planning in the Metropolitan Area of the same year. The third stage of the Planning Reform was the 1975 Law on Communal Planning. By these laws all the lands in Denmark are put under public control. Chapter 6 concerns with the taxation policies on land in Denmark. These policies are classified into two categories; one is the land value incrementation tax and another is the separation of taxes between the natural land itself and the facilities built on land. By the taxation law on capital gain announced and enforced in 1958, 50% of the capital gain is taxed. Chapter 7 is devoted to the conclusion and the lessons from the above analyses. First, the prosperity of the Danish economy seem to be based on her traditional policies of the Agriculture-first. Second, the competitiveness of the Danish agriculture in international market seems to be mainly based on her traditional policies to maintain as much as possible the owner-operating family farms as her dominant form of agriculture. Third, It should be noted that all the lands in Denmark are being utilized under deliberate pubic control. The renting and leasing of land cannot be transacted between individuals without approval by the community organizations such as agricultural council and agricultural cooperative in the rural area. This seems to be very important lessons to policy-markers in Korea, in view of the fact that some scholars are recently advocating absolute and unlimited liberization of renting and leasing of lands with regard to the amendment of the current 1949. Land Reform Law.

新古典學派의 生産費 槪念 : 새로운 經濟學體系 樹立을 위한 批判的 考察 A Critical Consideration for Establishing a New System of Economics

朱宗桓 東國大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

農業近代化의 諸類型 : 韓國農業近代化問題와의 關聯下에서

朱宗桓 東國大學校 1968 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

不動産投機에 관한 土地經濟學的 硏究 : 本質과 對策 Its economical natural and thecounter-measures

朱宗桓 동국대학교 농림과학연구소 1983 農林科學 論文集 Vol.7-8 No.-

Tremendously inflated prices of real estates mainly due to speculation, which appeared in South Korea during the period from the fall of 1982 to the first half of 1983, has evoked a keen attention of the people concerned as well as of the policy makers. This paper attempts to clarify the essential concept of the real estate speculation in general and to present effective and workable counter-measures to prevent the hyper-speculation on real estates under the present situation in South Korea. The real estate essentially means the land and the accommodations attached to or built on the land. Thus, the essential features of real estate are closely connected with those of land. The land as a natural endowment is quite different from the capital goods which are produced by human labour. The speculation on land prices tends to distort so profoundly the allocation of resources that the peoductivity as well as the welfare structure of the economy are greatly deteriorated. Some of neo-classical oriented economists in Korea oppose to introduce the concept of public control for the purpose of preventing the real estate speculation, asserting that any state intervention will only lead to destruction of the Pareto opptimality in the economy. It should be recalled, however, that Adam Smith who originally systemized the lessez faire doctrines and opposed state intervention to the economy was the most fervent critics of any form of monopoly, on the reason that it will deteriorate the efficient allocation of resources. It should be further recalled that the fore-father of contemporary neo-classical doctrines, Leon Walras (1834-1910), advocated nationalization of land. based on th thought that the land (or natural resources) should not be privately monopolized but be owned by the state, since the land was not the product but the material basis of human labour, while the capital goods should be owned privately since these are products of human labour and diligence. Land nationalization, however, is not easy to adopt, since the compensation costs will be too large and the reasonable way of allocating the nationalized land to end-users is very difficult to find. The only one possible solution seems to lie in a compromise between land nationalization concept and market price mechanism of land. Based on the above reasoning, my proposal for preventing real estate speculation is as follows: 1) Excepting one residence for each family, which is not exceeding a certain maximum size and value. every owner of real estate, which is not directly used for his won residential purpose, should be obliged half-annually to report his idea of market price of the real estate to the taxation office, and this report are to be regrade as the owners' offer for sale of the real estate to the government. 2) Real estate ownership tax should be collected in proportion to the reported market price. Progressive tax rate system should be applied. 3) Taxation office makes comprehensive survey of the real estate prices all over the country, and those real estate which is reported at a price less than 90% of the government survey price should be compulsorily auctioned for sale to the public. 4) The above measures will ensure correct reporting of current prices of real estate and enable taxation office to catch the approximate capital gain accrued to the owners of the real estates. The capital gains so catched by the taxation office should be collected by the government as capital gain tax, after deducting a certain percentage of allowances for inflated price due to inflation. 5) The increased amount of taxes collected by the above measures should be spent by the government exclusively for housing projects for the poor income groups. (Otherwise. the people will not persuaded to accept the above measures.)