한국프로야구의 단체협상 현안 규명 연구: 델파이 기법을 중심으로

주종미 ( Jong Mi Joo ) 이화여자대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2004 이화여자대학교 스포츠과학연구소 추계 학술 심포지움 Vol.2004 No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify current collective bargaining issues facing the Korea professional baseball and, further, to examine these same issues in Major League Baselball (MLB). In order to help the Korea professional baseball plan for the future, this study was designed to forecast futurecollective Bargaining issues for the Korea professional baseball, particularly those that may prove important during the next decade. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, three research questions were formulated and tested by the Delphi technique. In conducting the Delphi technique, a survey questionnaire was used as the instrument. Thirty-seven experts, selected by a nominating procedure, responded to the questions. Over the two rounds, the collected data were analyzed by both median and interquartile range to determine the consensus of expert opinion. This study found that Korean experts perceived "the period of free agency, players`` equipIrellt, both medical and rehabilitation service, need of players association, player``s agent system, fairly sharing of profits for the players activities, teams`` requirerrent to buy disability insurance for players, and players`` requirement to buy disability insurance for themselves" as the most important labor managerrent issues. Most of the experts expected that the various collective bargaining issues of MLB will eventually appear in the bargaining agenda between players and owners of the Korea professional basebill It was found that the issues believed most important for the near future were arumal salary, pensions benefits, minimum salary, and arbitration. Given that these issues were dealt with by the MLB in the 1970`` s, this finding was considered evidence that the labor-management relations of the Korea professional baselxill are about thirty years behind those of the MLB. This finding suggests, therefore, that the forecasts of the experts related primarily to issues that were important at an earlier period for MLB. This finding provided supporting evidence for the importance of this study, in which the collective lmgaining process of MLB can be exemplified as a guideline for the collective lmgaining process of Korea professional baseball. If the path of the collective lmgaining process of the Korea professional baseball more-or-less follows the path of that of MLB, one can reasonably predict the next set of lmgaining issues of the Korea professional baselxill by examining the history and strategies of bargaining issues that appeared in MLB.

제조물책임법과 스포츠산업의 대응방안

주종미 ( Jong Mi Joo ) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2010 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 첫째 제조물책임법의 주요 내용을 스포츠제조물과 연계하여 고찰하고, 둘째 판례분석을 통해서 스포츠제 조물의 결함 문제에 대해 파악하고, 셋째 이에 대해 스포츠제조업자(기업)의 입장에서 대응방안을 제시하는데 있다. 이러한 연 구목적을 달성하기 위하여, 제 II장에서는 스포츠제조물이 제조물책임법에 어떻게 적용되고 해석될 수 있는지 그 법리를 해석 및 고찰하였다. 제 III장에서는 스포츠와 관련된 제조물책임에 관해 많은 경험과 이론을 축적해 온 미국의 판례를 분석하고, 이러한 분석을 통하여 스포츠제조물에서 발생할 수 있는 결함의 문제가 무엇이며, 또한 어떠한 교훈 및 시사점을 얻을 수 있 을지 고찰하였다. 제 IV장에서는 판례분석을 토대로 스포츠제조업자들이 제조물책임법에 대해 어떻게 대응할 것인지에 대해 논의하였다. 끝으로 제 V장에서는 결론을 제시하였다. 결론적으로 스포츠제조업자들은 자사의 제조물이 제조물책임법에 어떻 게 적용·해석되는지 명확히 인식하고, 기존의 판례들을 통해 어떠한 결함 문제들이 자사의 제조물에 발생할 수 있는지 파악하 는 것이 중요하다. 특히 판례에서도 알 수 있었듯이 표시상의 결함은 사안의 중대성에 비해 지나치게 소홀하게 취급되고 있어 이에 대한 주의가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 법률해석과 판례분석을 통하여 스포츠제조업자에게 다음과 같은 대응방안을 제시 하였다. 첫째, 스포츠제조업자는 그들의 제조물에 대한 책임성을 정확하게 인식하여야 한다. 둘째, 그들에게 주어진 입증책임 이 무엇인지 정확하게 인식한다. 셋째, 표시상 결함은 스포츠제조물에 있어 특히 중요한 문제이므로 이에 대한 합리적인 언어 선택과 명확한 의미전달이 될 수 있도록 한다. 넷째, 자체 품질안전관리 시스템을 구축한다. 다섯째, 결함제품에 대해서는 자 발적으로 리콜을 실시한다. 마지막으로 반드시 제조물책임 보험에 가입하여 기업의 경제적 손실을 최소화한다. The purposes of this study were to examine key contents of the product liability law dealing specifically with sport product, to identify possible defect problems in the sport product, and to provide various suggestions for the sport manufacturers to deal with the issues of the law. In order to achieve the purposes of this study, the second chapter examined how sport product is interpreted and applied to the product liability law through reviewing legal principle of the law. The third chapter explored what defect problems possibly take place in sport product and what lessons we could get through analyzing diverse American lawsuits due to the lack of product liability lawsuit in Korea. The fourth chapter provided several suggestions for the sport manufacturers in dealing with the law. In conclusion, sport manufacturers should clearly recognize how the law will be interpreted and applied to their manufactures. Also, it is important to know that what kinds of defect problems will be possibly occurred in their sport manufacture by analyzing previous lawsuit. Especially, more attention needs to be paid to the ``defect to warn`` because it tends to be neglected in spite of the importance of the lawsuit. Besides, each sport manufacturer should establish alternatives to meet the product liability issues as the matter stands. After review of the law and analysis of lawsuit, this study provided suggestions as follows. First, sport manufacturer should recognize responsibility for their manufacture. Second, it should understand their responsibility of proof. Third, it should also recognize the importance of ``defect to warn`` and perform reasonable language selection and clear meaning expression. Fourth, it should build the system of safety management for their manufacture. Fifth, it should voluntarily recall defected manufacture. Finally, it should buy product liability insurance in order to minimize their economic losses.

미국 야구선수의 노조파업이 관람객수에 미치는 영향

주종미(Jong mi Joo),최준영(Jun Young Choi),문선호(Sun ho Mun) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2004 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.9 No.1

시간의 연속선 상에서 어떤 사건이 하나의 변수에 미치는 영향력을 평가하기 위하여 우리는 주로 시계열 분석법 (Time Series Analysis)을 사용한다. 각기 나름대로의 장점을 지닌 여러 종류의 시계열분석법이 존재하고 있긴 하지만, 아직까지 모든 데이터 분석을 해결할 수 있는 최적의 시계열분석법이 존재한다고 말할 수 없는 상황이다. 그리고 이러한 상황은 어떠한 분석법을 사용하였느냐에 따라 연구결과가 달라질 수도 있는 가능성을 창출하였다. 이렇게 어떤 시계열분석법이 가장 우수한 방법론인지를 결정하기 위한 객관적인 기준이 없다는 사실로 미루어 볼 때, 특정 시계열방법을 가지고 찾아낸 경험적 발견을 다른 시계열방법으로 재차 테스트한다는 것은 그 경험적 발견이 얼마나 의미가 있는지 알아볼 수 있는 좋은 기회를 제공한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 Schmidt와 Berri (2002)가 자기회기이동평균(Auto Regressive Moving Average - ARMA)이라는 방법을 가지고 찾아낸 미국 메이저리그 선수의 파업이 관중수에 미친 영향에 대한 경험적 발견을 다른 시계열분석법을 통해 재차 검증함으로써 그들의 발견이 얼마나 의미가 있는지를 확인하는데 놓여있다. 이 연구는 다중간섭시계열 (Multiple Interrupted Time Series - MITS)이라는 방법을 사용할 것인데, 자기회기이동평균 (ARMA) 보다 훨씬 간결하지만 그 설명력에 있어선 그다지 뒤쳐지지 않는 이 방법을 소개하는 것이 이 연구의 또 다른 목적이다. 이 연구에서 발견한 결과는 다음과 같다. 미국 메이저리그 선수노조의 파업은 일시적으로 야구 관객수를 감소시키긴 하였지만, 장기적으로 볼 때 관객수에 별 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 자기회기이동평균 (ARMA)이라는 시계열분석법을 사용하여 본 연구와 똑같은 이슈를 검증하였던 Schmidt와 Berri의 연구와도 같은 결과를 도출한 것이다. 따라서 이 연구의 발견은 선수노조 파업이 일시적으로 야구 관객수를 감소시킨다는 사실을 보다 공고히 하였다는 의미를 지닌다. The purpose of this study is to introduce a readily accessible time series analysis. Multiple Interrupted Time Series (MITS), and to replicate, with this method. Schmidt and Berri (2002)'s findings that there is a direct link between the decrease in MLB fan attendance and the occurrence of strikes, at least in the short run. This study finds that strikes have only short-term, not long-term, impacts on MLB attendance and thereby enhance confidence in Schmidt and Berris findings. Since the MITS analysis produces the same results acquired by the much more complex Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) analysis, with respect to assessing the impacts of strikes, it may be inferred that this study successfully demonstrates the usefulness of MITS analysis. It is believed that this study introduces a useful statistical tool for researchers whose interests are involved in longitudinal data.

스포츠기자의 개인적 특성에 따른 전문성인식과 역할수행 및 보도성향간의 관계

주종미(Joo Jong Mi) 한국여성체육학회 1996 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.10 No.-

This is to look into sports journalist`s professional perception, role performance and reporting attitude by varying demographic trait, and to verify the correlation between and the impacts acres those 3 key factors, and, finally, to suggest a professionalization program for the journalists. Total 186 journalists were on the survey for this study. Questionnaire breakdown are 12 items for personal trait, 20 for professional perception, 12 for role performance, 15 for reporting attitude and 59 for total number of question. At the Analytical methods, data process : SAS/PC, differences of professional perception, role performance, and reporting attitude : ANOVA-test, correlation between/impacts across those 3 factors in the above : Pearson-correlation/multiple regression analysis. Following are the facts known by above questions and analytical methods. 1. Sports journalists of Korea have been found to take themselves as professional. It is quite true in the light of bringing the game results to the public that they are excellent informants. On the other hand, however, they are in need of better view of what has been going on during each game, and lack strong surveillance of spotting inherent problems of sports game. In addition, the articles they write are literally balanced, but personal, social and habitual biases in their selecting a news story often unsuccessfully let the public know the true meaning of sports games. 2. Among personal traits, such a journalist who has been an athlete or is participating enthusiastically in sports activities is found to be higher in professional perception, role performance and reporting attitude. It makes clear that those who have been in greater contact with sports experiences understand true meaning of sports. 3. In positive manner exists the correlation of level of professional perception with role performance and reporting attitude. Higher professional perception causes a journalist to become higher in role performance of an informant and to produce balanced, but, unexpectedly, socially biased news. 4. The production of balanced, but socially biased news depend on how accurately a journalist understands his/her job description, when the production of balanced, but personally biased news depend on how well a journalist act as a surveillance of spotting problems of sports games. Consequently, sports journalists of Korea understand that they are highly professional in their job, but they, in reality, need to go further way to function sufficiently as analytical body and surveillance, which may lead to the production of biased news with corresponding likeliness of the production of balanced news. The best way to improve sports journalist`s professional perception and role performance and reporting attitude is to restructure the newspaper company and to hire prospective journalists who have been sports in career or activities.

스포츠 산업 컨벤션 전시회의 서비스 품질이 만족도 및 추천의도에 미치는 영향

주종미(Jong Mi Joo),문선호(Sun Ho Mun) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.41

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of service quality factors(information usefulness, destination attractiveness, physical evidence, program excellence and human interaction) on customers` satisfaction and intention of recommendation in sport industry convention exhibition. Responses were collected from 346 out of the 400 questionnaires, A total of 346 responses were used in data analysis ; 56 questionnaires were excluded from data analysis because of incomplete or missing data. To conduct this study the stepwise multiple regression analysis were used by SPSS 12.0. The result of this study disclosed ; First, the factors of service quality such as human interaction, program excellence, destination attractiveness, and physical evidence were statistically causal relationship with customers` satisfaction in sport industry convention exhibition. Second, the factors of service quality such as physical evidence, information usefulness, and human interaction were statistically causal relationship with intention of recommendation in sport industry convention exhibition.

스포츠법 연구동향 고찰

손석정(Seok Jung Shon),주종미(Jong Mi Joo) 한국사회체육학회 2006 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.26

리틀야구 활성화를 위한 현안 규명 및 개선방안

전욱(Wook Jeon),박정근(Jeong Keun Park),주종미(Jong Mi Joo) 한국사회체육학회 2012 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.49

The purpose of this study was to identify current issues facing the little league baseball and thus suggest plans to revitalize it. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, 5 research questions were formulated and tested by the Delphi technique. In conducting the Delphi technique, a survey questionnaire was used as the instrument. Twenty-four experts selected by purposeful sampling responded to the questions. In-depth interview was used to support the results of Delphi technique. Three experts from 3 different interesting groups were selected for in-depth interview. Based on the identified current problems, this study suggested improvement plans to revitalize the little league baseball as follows: establishment of junior(or big) league; improvement of the current policy that only one club can be created per the one city; expansion of baseball facilities and infra; system improvement for the better treatment and status security of baseball coach; financial support for little league baseball; repeal of the system proving wining prize to enter upper level school; and introduction of league system rather than tournament at each local level.

2012런던올림픽 공식스폰서의 브랜드가치, 브랜드태도, 브랜드감정, 및 브랜드충성도의 구조적 관계

원춘림 ( Chun Lim Yuan ),유효뢰 ( Xiao Lei Yu ),주종미 ( Jong Mi Joo ) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2013 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.18 No.5

본 연구는 2012런던올림픽 공식스폰서로 참여했던 기업에 대해 소비자의 브랜드가치, 브랜드태도, 브랜드감정, 브랜드충성도의 구조적 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 경남 소재 C대학의 재학생을 모집단으로 설정하였다. 편의표본추출방법을 이용하여 총 250명의 학생들로부터 자료를 수집하였으나 이들 중 불성실하게 응답한 18명의 설문지를 제외한 총 232명의 설문지가 본 연구의 분석에 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 빈도분석, 신뢰도, 확인적요인분석, 상관관계 및 구조방정식모형을 실시하여 가설을 검증하였다. 자료분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 브랜드가치의 하위 변인 4개 중에 인식도 변인을 제외한 3개 하위변인 즉 상관성, 차이성, 존중도는 브랜드태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 브랜드태도는 브랜드감정에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째 브랜드태도는 브랜드충성도에 긍정적인 영향을 미티는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 브랜드감정은 브랜드충성도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 올림픽 공식스폰서로 참여하는 기업의 브랜드가치를 긍정적으로 평가한 소비자는 브랜드에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 지니게 되고, 긍정적인태도를 지닌 소비자는 브랜드를 소비할 때 긍정적인 감정이 생겨나게 되어 이는 궁극적으로 높은 충성도와 나아가서는 지속적인 구매행동으로 이어진다고 해석할 수 있다. 이러한 결론은 올림픽 스폰서십의 효과 측정이라는 연속선상에서 변인들의 경로를 확인하였고, 그리고 ‘브랜드감정’이 ‘브랜드자산’의 중요한 변수라고 하는 주장에 힘을 실어 주었다는 측면에서 본 연구는 의미가 있다 할 것이다. 그러나 ‘브랜드자산’에 영향을 끼치는 변수를 탐색한다는 측면에서 올림픽이라고 하는 매가스포츠 이밴트의 무대는 다른 일반 현장과 큰 차이가 없다고 해석할 수 있다. This study was conducted to verify structural relationships among brand value, brand attitude, brand affect, and brand loyalty for the companies participated as the 2012 London Olympic official sponsor. In order to achieve the purpose of study, students from ``C`` university were decided as a population and 250 students were sampled by convenient sampling method. 18 surveys with unfaithful answer were deleted and a total of 232 surveys were used for data analysis. With the collected data, frequency, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, relationship, and structural equation model were performed for hypotheses verification. The results were as follows: First, 3 out of 4 lower variables of brand value, ‘relationship’, ‘difference’, ‘esteem’, had a positive effect on the brand attitude. Second, brand attitude had a positive effect on the brand affect. Third, brand attitude had a positive effect on the brand loyalty. Lastly, Brand affect had a positive effect on the brand loyalty. In conclusion, if the consumers have a positive brand value for the olympic official sponsor, it results a positive brand attitude, the consumers with a positive brand attitude have a positive brand affect, it causes positive brand loyalty, and, at the end, it will be connected to the direct purchase behavior. This conclusion, in terms of measure of olympic sponsorship effect, is meaningful because it found the path of variables and it empowered the opinion that brand affect is important as one of the brand equity factors. However, it was found that in terms of exploring variable effecting on ``brand equity``, olympic stage as a mega sport event is not much different from general business stage.

팬 관여도, 팀 동일시, 광고태도, 브랜드 자산 및 브랜드 충성도 구조모형에 관한 한국 KBL과 중국 CBA 비교

원춘림(Yuan, Chun-Lin),유효뢰(Yu, Xiao-Lei),주종미(Joo, Jong-Mi) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.62

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare on the structural equation model of fan involvement, team identity, advertisement attitude, brand equity, and brand loyalty between KBL and CBA. In order to complete the purpose of this study, survey research was performed, and a total of 591 fans from KBL and CBA were sampled by convenient sampling method. With the collected data, frequency, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation model were performed for hypotheses verification. The results were as follows; First, the involvement of fans from KBL and CBA positively influenced on advertisement attitude. Second, the team identity of fans from KBL and CBA positively influenced on advertisement attitude. Third, the advertisement attitude of fans from KBL and CBA positively influenced on brand equity. Fourth, the advertisement attitude of fans from KBL and CBA has no significantly influenced on brand loyalty. Fifth. the brand equity of KBL fans positively influenced on brand loyalty, but CBA fans has no significantly influenced on brand loyalty.