Inhibitory Effects of 6-Gingerol on Cytochrome P450 in Human Liver Microsomes

주수연,임영채 대한임상약리학회 2011 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.19 No.1

a 배경: 일상 식이 생활에서 흔히 쓰이는 생강(ginger)의 한 성분인 6-gingerol은 질병 치료 과정 중에 사용하는 약물과 상호 작용을 일으킬 수 있다. 그러나 인체 간 대사 효소인 시토크롬 P450 활성도에 대한 6- gingerol의 효과는 아직 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 인체 간 미세소체에서 6-gingerol이 시토크롬 P450대사 효소에 미치는 억제 효과를 연구하고자 하였다. 방법: 인체 간 미세소체 모델을 이용하여 다양한 농도의 6-gingerol과 각각의 CYP450에 특이적인 기질을 함께 배양하였으며, 각각의 대사물을 HPLC로 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 CYP효소에 의해 촉매 되는 반응에는 CYP1A2에 의한 phenacetin O-deethylation, CYP2C9에 의한 tolbutamide 4-hydroxyltion, CYP2C 19에 의한 S-mephenytoin 4’-hydroxylation, CYP2D6에 의한 dextromethorphan O-demethylation, CYP2E1에 의한 chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation, 그리고 CYP3A4에 의한 midazolam 1-hydroxylation이었다. 결과: 6-gingerol은 IC_50가 100 μM을 상회할 정도로 CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 그리고 CYP3A4의 활성도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 6-gingerol은 CYP 2C19과 CYP 1A2에 대하여 Ki 수치가 각각 13 μM과 29 μM이 될 정도로 강한 억제 효과를 나타내었다. CYP1A2에 대하여 6-gingerol은 상경적인 형태의 억제를 초래하였다. 결론: 이러한 결과는 6-gingerol이 CYP1A2과 CYP2C19의 활성도를 잠재적으로 억제할 수 있음을 시사하였다.

코로나바이러스감염증-19 유행 중 치과 진료실 내 감염관리 수행도 관련 요인

주수연,신형호,박상신 한국보건정보통계학회 2022 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.47 No.3

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the related factors of adherence to infection prevention and control practices (IPCPs) in dental clinics during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods: We surveyed 137 dental hygienists working in dental clinics in November 2021. We considered demographic characteristics, workplace characteristics, COVID-19 experiences, and motivation to IPCPs as independent variables. We performed multivariable regression modeling for adherence to IPCPs using the stepwise-selection method. Results: Dental hygienists properly adhered to recommended IPCPs if they were 30 years old or above (B = 0.31, p = 0.014), if their clinic employed infection control practitioners (B = 0.79, p = 0.001), and if they gained a will to adhere IPCPs after treating patients who were very conscious about hygiene (B = 0.26, p = 0.020). The interaction between dental hygienists’ age and the employment status of infection control practitioners was significant (p = 0.047). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 epi- demic, dental hygienists’ age, the employment status of infection control practitioners in clinics, and their motivation to adhere IPCPs after treating patients who were very conscious about hygiene were significantly associated with their adherence to recommended IPCPs. .

지역 서점에서 사용자 경험에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

주수연,김승인 한국디지털정책학회 2019 디지털융복합연구 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 지역 서점에서 사용자 경험 만족에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구이다. 최근 증가하는 지역 서점에 대해 공급자 측면에서의 연구가 진행된 사례가 많다. 하지만 실제 사용자의 경험이 산업 발전에 중요하기 때문에 사용자 측면의 연구가 필요하다. 지역 서점을 독립서점, 전문서점, 복합서점으로 분류하여, 경험경제의 4가지 경험 영역의 구체적인 경험 요인을 설문을 통해 분석하였다. 경험 만족에 영향을 미치는 요인을 회귀분석을 통해 확인하였고, 통계적으로 가장 유의미한 수치를 보이는 요인으로 3가지 항목을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 기존 공급자 기준의 선행 연구들과 달리 실제 사용자인 고객 경험에 초점을 두고 주요 경험 요인을 파악하였으므로, 향후 지역 서점의 발전에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. This study is about finding factors affecting user experience satisfaction in Korean local bookstores which are increasing recently. Previous researches are concentrated on the aspect of supplier. However, a study for actual users is needed to help develop bookstore industry. The local bookstores were classified into independent, professional, and complex cultural bookstores. Based on the four realms of an experience by the Experience Economy, this study analyzed the experience factors through questionnaires. As a result of study, the three most significant factors influencing experience satisfaction were identified through regression analysis. It is expected that this study may help develop the local bookstores industry in the future by concentrating on the actual experience of the user and finding out the major experience factors.

Resveratrol attenuates 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal-induced oxidative stress in mouse cortical collecting duct cells

배은희,주수연,마성권,이종은,김수완 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.3

Resveratrol (RSV) may provide numerous protective eff ects against chronic inflammatory diseases. Due to local hypoxia and hypertonicity, the renal medulla is subject to extreme oxidative stress, and aldehyde products formed during lipid peroxidation, such as 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), might be responsible for tubular injury. This study aimed at investigating the eff ects of RSV on renal and its signaling mechanisms. While HHE treatment resulted in decreased expression of Sirt1, AQP2, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), mouse cortical collecting duct cells (M1) cells treated with HHE exhibited increased activation of p38 MAPK, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and increased expression of NOX4, p47phox, Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1) and COX2. HHE treatment also induced NF-κB activation by promoting IκB-α degradation. Meanwhile, the observed increases in nuclear NF-κB, NOX4, p47phox, and COX2 expression were attenuated by treatment with Bay 117082, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), or RSV. Our findings indicate that RSV inhibits the expression of inflammatory proteins and the production of reactive oxygen species in M1 cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

Increased Phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR in the Obstructed Kidney of Rats with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

마성권,주수연,김창성,최준석,배은희,이종은,김수완 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2013 전남의대학술지 Vol.49 No.3

The present study aimed to investigate changes in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the obstructed kidney of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally obstructed by ligation of the left proximal ureter for 7 days. Control rats were treated in the same way except that no ligature was made. The expression levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mTOR were determined in the kidney by semiquantitative immunoblotting. The protein expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1,Bax, and Bcl-2 were also determined in the kidney. The phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt,and mTOR was increased in the kidney of ureteral obstruction rats compared with the control. In the obstructed kidney, the protein expression of TGF-β1 and Bax was also increased, whereas Bcl-2 expression was decreased. In conclusion, the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR was increased in the obstructed kidney of rats with UUO.

Comparison of the medium cutoff dialyzer and postdilution hemodiafiltration on the removal of small and middle molecule uremic toxins

김창성,주수연,최홍상,배은희,마성권,김수완 대한신장학회 2023 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.42 No.6

Background: The medium cutoff (MCO) dialyzer increases the removal of several middle molecules more effectively than high-flux hemodialysis (HD). However, comparative data addressing the efficacy and safety of MCO dialyzers vs. postdilution hemodiafiltration (HDF) in Korean patients are lacking. Methods: Nine patients with chronic HD were included in this pre-post study. Patients underwent HD with an MCO dialyzer for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period using a high-flux dialyzer to minimize carryover effects, and then turned over to postdilution HDF for 4 weeks. Reduction ratios and differences in the uremic toxins before and after dialysis were calculated from the MCO dialysis, postdilution HDF, and high-flux HD. In the in vitro study, EA.hy926 cells were incubated with dialyzed serum. Results: Compared to postdilution HDF, the MCO dialyzer achieved significantly higher reduction ratios for larger middle molecules (myoglobin, kappa free light chain [κFLC], and lambda FLC [λFLC]). Similarly, the differences in myoglobin, κFLC, and λFLC concentrations before and after the last dialysis session were significantly greater in MCO dialysis than in postdilution HDF. The expression of Bax and nuclear factor κB was decreased in the serum after dialysis with the MCO dialyzer than with HDF. Conclusion: Compared with high-volume postdilution HDF, MCO dialysis did not provide greater removal of molecules below 12,000 Da, whereas it was superior in the removal of larger uremic middle molecule toxins in patients with kidney failure. Moreover, these results may be expected to have an anti-apoptotic effect on the human endothelium.

The Protective Effect of Curcumin on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

김용숙,박혜정,주수연,홍문화,김계훈,김주한,박형욱,정명호,조정관,박종춘,안영근,홍영준 대한심장학회 2008 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.38 No.7

Background and Objectives: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major causes of cardiac mortality. Curcumin, an active component extracted from turmeric in curry, inhibits inflammatory responses. This study was designed to investigate whether curcumin can exert beneficial effects on myocardial I/R injury. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats received a normal diet or a curcumin diet (80 mg/kg/d) for one week, and I/R injury was induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 30 min followed by release. After 24 hours, the myocardium was extracted to evaluate the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 protein level. The apoptotic cardiomyocytes and neutrophils were counted and quantified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining at 14 days after I/R. Results: In the infarcted myocardium of the curcumin-fed rats, the MPO activity (32.9±2.2% of the control, p=0.001) and the VCAM-1 protein (28.7±2.9% of control, p=0.001) level were significantly attenuated. The number of neutrophils was lower in the curcumin-fed rats (57±12% of the control, p=0.024). A reduction of the apoptotic cardiomyocytes was also observed in the curcumin-fed I/R rats (36± 9.2% of the control, p=0.032). Conclusion: The cardioprotective effects of curcumin on an I/R injury rat model could include anti-inflammation activities and inhibition of apoptosis that occurred in the cardiomyocytes. Our findings suggest that curcumin has a positive contribution as a dietary supplement for the prevention of heart disease.

A Predictive Model for Distant Metastasis in Patients With Breast Cancer Based on Machine Learning

권혜진,이민형,주수연,이관범,이승아,김승기,김이삭 한국유방암학회 2023 Journal of Breast Disease Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: Breast cancer starts as a local disease, but can metastasize to distant organs. In this study, we described an easy-to-use tool for predicting distant metastases based on clinical characteristics and gene expression profiles. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 326 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery and CancerSCAN^TM between January 2001 and December 2014 at the Samsung Medical Center. Additional retrospective data for 83 patients during 2015 were used for internal validation. CancerSCAN^TM, a next-generation sequencing-based targeted deep sequencing analysis, was used for gene analysis, and Azure Machine Learning (ML) was used for the ML processes. Results: The no-distant metastasis group comprised 267 patients, while the distant metastasis group comprised 59. Using the Azure ML platform, a predictive model was developed with 326 cases. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for predictive value was 0.917. Based on the internal validation performed using 83 patients, the true-negative was 81 and the true-positive was two when a threshold value of 0.5 was applied. Conclusion: Patients with breast cancer are at risk of metastasis and experience fear throughout their lives. Our predictive model is a valuable and easy-to-access tool for identifying patients with distant metastasis and it presents a way for each institution to achieve optimal results using its variables. Further evaluation with a larger patient population will improve the reliability of this model.

Activation of the Renal PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in a DOCA-Salt Model of Hypertension

마성권,최준석,주수연,김하연,김창성,배은희,이종은,김수완 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2012 전남의대학술지 Vol.48 No.3

The present study investigated the changes that occurred in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the kidney as a result of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Rats were implanted with DOCA strips (200mg/kg) 1 week after unilateral nephrectomy and were then supplied with 0.9% saline to drink. Four weeks after DOCA implantation, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by use of the tail-cuff method. The expression levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mTOR, as well as the protein expression levels of ED-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2, were then examined in the kidney by semiquantitative immunoblotting. DOCA-salt hypertensive rats were found to have significantly increased SBP as well as an increased kidney weight-to-body weight ratio. Moreover, the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR was increased in the kidney of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats compared with the control, as was the protein expression of ED-1, COX-2, TGF-β1, and α-SMA. The expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax were increased significantly, whereas Bcl-2 expression was decreased. In conclusion,the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR was increased in the kidney of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

복압성요실금 흰쥐모델에서 요도주위 간엽줄기세포주입의 효과

손경철,김선옥,주수연,안영근,이재혁,권동득 대한비뇨의학회 2008 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.49 No.5

Purpose: Several study trials have used stem cells to treat stress incontinence in an animal model. In this study, we compared injecting either periurethral mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) or normal saline(C) to increase the leak point pressure(LPP) and closing pressure(CP) in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats(250g each, 12 weeks old) were divided into the MSC group(n=5) and group C(n=5). They were anesthetized and the pudendal nerve was transected bilaterally via a ventral incision in order to denervate the external urethral sphincter. The MSCs were obtained from both femurs of Sprague Dawley rats(150g each, 6 weeks, n=10). After 1 week, the MSCs were stained by 4'-6-diamidino- 2-phenylindole(DAPI), which was injected into both sites of the proximal external urethra(n=1.5x106). At 3 weeks after injection, cystometry was performed and this was followed by cord transection at the T9-10 level with the rat under anesthesia. Visually identified LPP and CP measurements were evaluated with using a vertical tilt/intravesical pressure clamp. The urethral tissues of the rats were harvested for histology. Results: Both the LPP and CP measurements were significantly higher in the MSC group when compared with that of the C group(p<0.05). The mean LPP of the MSC group and group C was 42.3±2.1cmH2O and 25.8± 1.7cmH2O, respectively. The mean CP of the MSC group and group C was 31.7±2.5cmH2O and 21.3±1.1cmH2O, respectively. The existence of DAPI-stained MSCs in the injected periurethral tissue was verified by histology after the completion of the study. Conclusions: Injection of MSCs into the periurethal tissue after transection of the bilateral pudendal nerve in rats led to an increase in the LPP and CP. This finding suggests that MSCs can be used as one of the potentially effective cell therapies for stress urinary incontinence. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:432-438) Purpose: Several study trials have used stem cells to treat stress incontinence in an animal model. In this study, we compared injecting either periurethral mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) or normal saline(C) to increase the leak point pressure(LPP) and closing pressure(CP) in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats(250g each, 12 weeks old) were divided into the MSC group(n=5) and group C(n=5). They were anesthetized and the pudendal nerve was transected bilaterally via a ventral incision in order to denervate the external urethral sphincter. The MSCs were obtained from both femurs of Sprague Dawley rats(150g each, 6 weeks, n=10). After 1 week, the MSCs were stained by 4'-6-diamidino- 2-phenylindole(DAPI), which was injected into both sites of the proximal external urethra(n=1.5x106). At 3 weeks after injection, cystometry was performed and this was followed by cord transection at the T9-10 level with the rat under anesthesia. Visually identified LPP and CP measurements were evaluated with using a vertical tilt/intravesical pressure clamp. The urethral tissues of the rats were harvested for histology. Results: Both the LPP and CP measurements were significantly higher in the MSC group when compared with that of the C group(p<0.05). The mean LPP of the MSC group and group C was 42.3±2.1cmH2O and 25.8± 1.7cmH2O, respectively. The mean CP of the MSC group and group C was 31.7±2.5cmH2O and 21.3±1.1cmH2O, respectively. The existence of DAPI-stained MSCs in the injected periurethral tissue was verified by histology after the completion of the study. Conclusions: Injection of MSCs into the periurethal tissue after transection of the bilateral pudendal nerve in rats led to an increase in the LPP and CP. This finding suggests that MSCs can be used as one of the potentially effective cell therapies for stress urinary incontinence. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:432-438)