[토론] 「공진화를 위한 기술화된 몸이론의 가능성」에 대한 토론문

주기화 건국대학교 몸문화연구소 2020 건국대학교 몸문화연구소 학술대회 자료집 Vol.24 No.1

신유물론적 페미니즘 관점에서 본 엘리자베스 문의 <<잔류 인구>>

주기화 조선대학교 인문학연구원 2024 인문학연구 Vol.- No.67

This paper introduces New Material Feminism and proposes naming the symbiotic ethos essential for the alignment of multispecies or symbiosis, as posited by this theory, the ‘ethos of compost.’ Analyzing Elizabeth Moon's Remnant Population through the lens of New Material Feminism, this paper explores how Moon presents a new form of life with the ethos of compost in her work. New Material Feminism can be characterized as a theory centered around the feminine desire for sympoiesis with multispecies. It can be described as 'multispecies politics,' transcending the dichotomies of sex/gender, male/female, and human/nonhuman that modern humans have reinforced. The 'ethos of compost' refers to an ethos traditionally considered feminine and derogated, encompassing values such as giving, dying, vulnerability, exposure, passivity(patiency), empathy, trust, sharing, generosity, permission, care, dedication, gratitude, prodigality, promiscuity, opportunism, pleasure, mistakes, failure, waiting, politeness, and respect. New Material Feminism seeks to place the ethos of compost at the core of an alternative discourse that goes beyond the anti-ecological modern humanism, aiming to shift the paradigm. According to the analysis, this novel not only provides insight into the new form of life, 'multispecies compost community,' demanded by the climate crisis of the Anthropocene but also suggests the emergence of an ecological class composed of humans and nonhumans.

인류세의 지속가능한 육식에 대한 고찰

주기화 한국문학치료학회 2019 문학치료연구 Vol.52 No.-

This paper aims to investigate whether the newly emerged ‘in vitro meat’, or ‘cultured meat,’ is a sustainable alternative to the heavy meat diet in the Anthropocene. Advancements in biotechnology have led to the introduction of ‘in vitro meat’ as an alternative source of meat that does not require the slaughter of animals. Current meat production methods are not sustainable, and are harmful to the global environment. Sustainable options such as ‘in vitro meat’ that maintain the taste and level of nutrition, are animal friendly, and are commercially lucrative are in dire need. First, I investigate the possibility of a food democracy where ‘in vitro meat’ is a common good. Second, I explore the changing status of animals that will come with ‘in vitro meat’, and the changing relationship between humans and non˗human animals. Third, I propose that the decision to adopt ‘in vitro meat’ will act as an impetus for change in the Anthropocene. 이 논문은 자본이 길들인 육식 습관에 의해 날로 피폐해져가는 인류세의 지구 환경과 인간 건강, 그리고 동물들의 희생에 주목하여, 생명공학의 발달로 현재 새롭게 등장한 배양육(In Vitro Meat)이 인간의 파국을 타개할 지속가능한 음식, 하나의 대안일 수 있는지에 대한 탐색이다. 지금과 같은 고기 생산 방식은 지속가능하지 않다. 환경면에서 지속 가능하고, 인간의 건강과 미식취향도 유지하고, 윤리적이며, 상업적으로도 성공할 수 있는 대안이 필요하다. 인류세의 고기 중독을 치료할 대안으로 배양육을 제안하는 바이다. 필자는 첫째, 배양육 기술이 커먼즈와 연결되는 ‘커먼즈로서의 배양육’이 식량민주주의를 디자인할 수 있는 가능성을 타진해보겠다. 둘째, 배양육 기술로 도래할 동물들의 지위 변화, 더 나아가 인간과 비인간 동물의 변화하는 관계에 대해 살펴볼 것이다. 셋째, 인간의 배양육 선택이 인류세의 새로운 삶형태를 촉진할 문화적 요가이며 지식의 새로운 조직화일 수 있다고 주장할 것이다.

팬데믹과 미래주의: 마가렛 애트우드의 『매드아담』

주기화 한국동서비교문학학회 2022 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.- No.59

Employing Donna Haraway’s futurism as a critical lens, this paper surveys why and how the MaddAddamites in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam destroy the world by colluding to create a pandemic. The essay begins by analyzing the techno-apocalyptic beliefs and hopes of Atwood’s futurists, and traces the foundation of the anti-ecological “Church of PetrOleum” and “God’s Gardeners” back to Descartes’ dualism and the discourse of church-capital-science as a collusive construct. Thereafter, the paper explores how Atwood sets up annihilation as a response to the experience of despair, widespread among the futurists. Finally, the paper explores the novel’s descent into inevitability, and how this manifests as a collective inability to engage positive solutions, compounded by a politics of indifference. Reading in these ways, the text can be our roadmap toward sympoietic cooperation for, even, multispecies resurgence. Atwood’s novel asserts annihilation as the response power has to global emergencies (such as the current Covid-19 pandemic); Atwood’s futurists rewrite the self-indulgent and self-fulfilling myths of apocalypse, and succumb to wishful thinking by hoping for technological fixes to the symptomologies of deeper complexities. Her work serves as a warning that futurism, often misunderstood as an alternative, is not only never the solution, but indeed a destructive path that can lead to annihilation. This paper asks if we might in fact be tantamount to Atwood’s futurists: what is to be done in our age of the global pandemic, an age of mass death and extinction?

신유물론, 해러웨이, 퇴비주의

주기화 경희대학교(국제캠퍼스) 비교문화연구소 2022 비교문화연구 Vol.65 No.-

This paper examines the context in which Donna Haraway's 'we are compost' manifesto was conceived, how it changed our perception and understanding of the world, and why we need it now. First, I examine Haraway's concept of 'naturecultures', which deconstructs the dualism of René Descartes, in the context of New Material Feminism. Second, to scientifically and intuitively understand Haraway's ethics-onto-epistem-ology of 'we are compost' in ecological evolutionary developmental biology (EcoEvoDevo), by borrowing the concept of Lynn Margulis’s symbiogenesis, microbiome, and Vicki Hearne's animal rights, I examine the sympoietic companionship between gut microbes and humans. Third, I propose to call her new ethics-onto-epistem-ology, which criticizes posthumanism as human exceptionalism and abstract futurism, as 'compostism'. 이 글은 다나 해러웨이의 ‘우리는 퇴비다’라는 선언이 어떤 맥락에서 나왔고, 세계를 이해하는 관점을 어떻게 바꾸었으며, 그리고 왜 지금 이것이 필요한지 살펴본다. 이를 위해 첫째, 데카르트의 이원론을 해체하는 해러웨이의 ‘자연문화’ 개념을 신유물론 페미니즘 맥락에서 살펴본다. 둘째, ‘우리는 퇴비다’라는 해러웨이의 윤리-존재-인식-론을 생태진화발생생물학 차원에서 과학적ㆍ직관적으로 이해하기 위해, 린 마굴리스의 공생발생 이론, 마이크로바이옴 개념, 비키 헌의 동물권 인식을 차용하여, 장내 미생물과 인간의 공동생성적 반려 관계를 살펴본다. 셋째, 기존의 포스트휴머니즘을 인간 예외주의와 추상적 미래주의로 비판하면서, 포스트휴머니즘과 결별하는 그의 새로운 윤리-존재-인식-론을 ‘퇴비주의’로 부를 것을 제안한다.

세상 끝에 있는 여성들의 공생적 에토스와 삶형태: 마가렛 애트우드의 매드아담 3부작

주기화 한국동서비교문학학회 2022 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.- No.62

This paper analyzes the lives of women living in the climate crisis and pandemic disaster of the Anthropocene, as imagined in the MaddAddam trilogy by Margaret Atwood, using Donna Haraway’s Compostism, or a New Material Feminism. It also examines how Atwood presents a new human figure with the symbiotic ethos that prodigally, promiscuously, and opportunistically cooperates with multispecies in an era of mass death and extinction. New Material Feminism, in symbiosis, or the worldly articulation and alignment of multispecies, seeks to shift the paradigm by redefining the essential but previously disparaged feminine ethos―vulnerability, passivity, empathy, sharing, generosity, caring, commitment, gratitude, forgiveness, apology, holding, prodigality, promiscuity, opportunism, etc.―and placing it at the center of an alternative discourse beyond modern humanism. At the forefront is the Compostism of Haraway. This article is an attempt to find the worldly wisdom and ability to change the reality that continues as usual, in a symbiotic feminine ethos. To resist the modern humanism that caused the Anthropocene climate crisis and pandemic, we need a new ethics-onto-epistem-ology. It requires language, thinking, and behavior that are inappropriate for the prevailing patriarchal, capitalist culture. Now that possible things are useless and exhausted, we have to dream and try the impossible by raising the femininity of the ancient futures that were previously disparaged. The symbiotic ethos and form of life of the women in the novel open the door to a new story about the possibility of the symbiosis among those who are in a seriously unequal power relationship.

호모 몬스터쿠스: 메리 셸리의 『프랑켄슈타인』의 괴물

주기화 건국대학교 몸문화연구소 2014 건국대학교 몸문화연구소 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2014 No.1

팬데믹 행성에서의 삶의 기예: 마가렛 애트우드의『매드아담』에 나타난 해러웨이의 퇴비주의

주기화 한국영미문학교육학회 2022 영미문학교육 Vol.26 No.1

This paper aims to analyze the form of life, or the arts of living that humans and nonhumans make together on the verge of extinction after the pandemic in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam through the lens of Donna Haraway’s ‘Compostism’. It focuses on the new form of life, or the five arts of living dedicated to the multispecies flourishing. The first is to recognize that humans are not modern humans, but are composts. The second is not to succumb to despair and the politics of indifference, but to stay with the troubles and devote ourselves to the possible recovery. The third is to jump into the compost heap to encounter unexpected companion species, and train tirelessly to ‘becoming-with’ them. The fourth is to wage a ‘Gaia War’ against modern humans who cannot negotiate. The fifth is to attempt at odd practices related to reproduction. This novel urges us to recognize that we are compost and relentless try to ‘worlding-with’ nonhumans for a worldly flourishing on a damaged ‘pandemic planet’.

그녀에 나타난 인간과 기계의 공진화

주기화 한국영미문학교육학회 2015 영미문학교육 Vol.19 No.1

This paper analyzes the relationship between human and machine in the movie, Her, as a form of coevolution. My discussion includes the following information. First, I will examine the context of the discussion on the continuous relationship of humans and machines through that of humans and animals. Second, I will examine the evolution of human by machine through the concept of ‘the extensions of man’ by technology of Marshall McLuhan and the study of ‘the technology as a medium for realization of human virtuality’ of Gilbert Simondon. Third, I will examine evolutionary aspect of Artificial Intelligence(A.I.) in Her through the Gilbert Simondon’s perspective that machines are evolving beings. Forth, I will emphasize in detail how the movie Her specifically represents the Human-Machine coevolution.Fifth, I will explore the hybridity of posthuman through Katherine Hayles’s the study of the Configurations of posthuman subjectivity, C. B. Macpherson’s “possessive individualism”, Edwin Hutchins’s “distributed cognitive system”, and Bruno Latour’s “Actor-Network-Theory”. For conclusion, I will re-emphasize the Human-Machine coevolution and comment on how the movie Her not only criticizes liberal humanism, but also makes us to imagine new life in the posthuman form.In various works of art the Human-Machine difference, relationship, and love usually lean towards the two extremes of utopia and dystopia, the movie Her presents the idea that the only way for the human species to survive in a posthuman society is for humans and machines to influence one another and evolve together.All in all, my research explores how the movie Her specifically represents the Human-Machine coevolution.

신유물론적 관점에서 본 토드 헤인즈의 <세이프>

주기화 한국현대영미드라마학회 2019 현대영미드라마 Vol.32 No.1

This paper considers the causes of ‘multiple chemical sensitivity’(MCS) or ‘environmental illness’(EI) of Carol White in Todd Haynes’s Safe to be a material-discursive environment represented in the film. The film, I argue, suggests that this symptom is a material-discursive phenomena created by the inter-penetration and entanglement of culture-body-nature. Through gender, racial, social and cultural discourses, previous studies have explored social and political toxicity factors such as patriarchy, possessive individualism and consumerism as possible causes to Carol’s symptoms. The body is a space in which material and discourse operate simultaneously. Various material-discursive forces and lines transform her body and life through trans-corporeal movement through Carol’s body. While previous studies have focused on the cultural mechanism of Carol’s bodily transformation, in this paper I will reinterpret such process of transformation from the perspective of new materialism, such as Karen Barad’s ‘agential realism’ and ‘intra-action,’ and Stacy Alaimo's ‘trans-corporeality.’