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조희래,장용선,한경화,옥정훈,황선아,이협성,김동진 한국환경생물학회 2018 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.36 No.4
The soil physical quality is a core factor in achieving two of sustainable agriculture’s goals: productivity and environment. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in soil physical properties for nearly a decade through periodic monitoring of three cultivation types: upland, orchard, and paddy. Field surveys and lab analysis were conducted to determine the soils physical properties after every 4 years; upland (2009, 2013, and 2017), orchard (2010 and 2014), and paddy (2011 and 2015). In each year soil samples from 162-338 sites were collected. The bulk density of upland subsoil decreased from 1.53 Mg m-3 to 1.50 Mg m-3 while the plowing depth and subsoil organic matter increased from 13.7 cm to 19.5 cm and from 12.6 g kg-1 to 18.3 g kg-1 respectively during the period 2009-2017. Plowing depth for orchard increased from 16.7 cm to 18.9 cm. However, organic matter content decreased from 15.9 g kg-1 to 15.4 g kg-1 during the 2010-2014 period. For paddy, plowing depth and subsoil organic matter decreased from 17.5 cm to 16.7 cm and from 17.5 g kg-1 to 15.8 g kg-1 respectively. The subsoil bulk density increased from 1.47 Mg m-3 to 1.52 Mg m-3 from 2011-2015. Excess ratio for soil physical standards increased from 16% to 22% in orchard, 56% to 62% in paddy, and decreased from 41% to 29% in upland. The overall soil physical quality had been ameliorated for upland, but degraded for paddy. Improved tillage practices and application of appropriate organic matter is necessary to enhance the quality of soils, especially in the paddy field. 토지이용별로 토양 물리성 변화를 평가하기 위하여 2009년부터 2017년까지 전국의 밭, 과수원, 논을 대상으로 토양물리성 특성을 4년 주기로 분석하였다. 밭은 작토심, 심토 유기물 함량, 심토 산중식 경도가 증가하고 심토 용적밀도가 감소하며, 개량기준 초과비율도 지속적으로 감소하였다. 과수원은 경운심이 증가하였으나 심토 유기물 함량이 감소하고 적정기준을 초과하는 비율은 4년 전보다 증가하였다. 논은 작토심, 심토 유기물 함량이 감소하고 심토 용적밀도가 증가하며 개량기준 초과비율이 증가하는 등 물리성 불량이 심화되었다. 최근 10년간 밭, 과수원에 비해 논의 물리성이 악화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 공통적으로 심토 유기물 함량이 감소하고 심토 용적밀도가 증가하는 주요한 요인은 토양유기물로 평가되었다. 따라서 토양물리성 질 관리에 유기물은 중요한 요소이었으며, 특히 논에서 지속적인 유기물 관리와 경운방법 개선 등이 필요하다.
食餌內 蛋白質含量에 따른 Sucrose Effect의 變化
趙禧來 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1982 科學論集 Vol.8 No.-
This study was conducted to compare dietary sucrose effect among three different levels of protein groups. Sixty male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 53.5 grams each, after being adopted for 2days with standard diet, were blocked into 12 groups and fed experimental diet as designed. Experimental diet were composed of three different levels of proteins, 6% designed as low protein diet, 15% designed as standard protein diet and 30% designed as high protein diet. Starch and sucrose were included as carbohydrate sources in these diets. In each group, the amount of food intake, body weight gain weight of internal organs, Epididymal fat pad, and five skeletal muscles (Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius, E.D.L., Plantaris, Soleus) were mesured. The content of water, fat and protein in liver & skeletal muscles were also mesured. The body total nitrogen retention was calculated by the difference between nitrogen intakes and nitrogen excretionsc . The result of this experiment were summerized as follows. 1. Food intakes were higher in the starch group compared to the sucrose group in the low and standard protein level. But in the high protein level, the sucrose group consumed more. Body weight gain also tended to increase in rats fed by starch in the low and standard protein level and this tendency was statistically significant during the 6th week in the standard protein level. But in the high protein level, the sucrose fed rats were more gained than the starch fed animals in their body weight. 2. There were no significant differences between the sucrose and starch groups of all protein levels in the weight of heart, kidney, adrenal, spleen, and sex organ. The liver weighed more in the starch group than the sucrose group in the low and standard protein levels. On the contrary, in the high protein level, the sucrose group weighed more than the starch group in there liver weight. Liver lipid content was significantly high in the low protein level after 3 weeks of experimental days, and liver protein content was not showed difference between two carbohydrate groups. The weight of epididymal fat pad was significantly havier in the starch group than the sucrose group in the low and standard protein level. On the contrary, in the high protein level, the sucrose group weighed more in this respect. 4. The nitrogen retention in the body was not showed the difference between two carbohydrate groups.