동해안 산불피해지역 복구경관 선호도 평가

조현길,서옥하,박봉우,김성훈,계용훈 강원대학교 조형예술연구소 2000 조형예술논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to assess the public's preferences for reclamation landscapes in forest-fired east coastal regions, and to suggest landscape restoration guidelines for foreground viewshed from roads, cities, and tourism sites. Six reclamation landscape types of pine, oak, mixed, flowering, maple, and larch forests were simulated with color photographs by using a Photoshop program. The SBE method was applied to assess questionnaire respondents' preferences for the landscape types. The public including residents and tourists showed the highest preference for pine forest over all other forest landscapes, which is characterized by a native sense and year-round greenery. The next highest preference was placed on both mixed and maple forest landscapes reflecting a sense of the season. Based on the public opinions, reclamation guidelines for forest-fired landscapes were as follows: 1. Pine or mixed forest landscapes, which are harmonious with native landscapes, should be restored in the foreground (500m) mountains visible from roads, cities, and tourism sites. 2. Plantings of flowering/fire-resistant trees at the sites adjacent to buildings and of maples or erosion control trees on hill edges/cut slopes are recommended to improve landscape diversity. 3. Facilitating natural restoration or screening viewshed by street plantings will be desirable for extensively fire-damaged forests and steep slopes difficult to reforest.

생태공원 기본계획 : 민둥산을 대상으로

조현길,전윤진 강원대학교 조형예술연구소 2008 조형예술연구 논문집 Vol. No.9

The purpose of this study is to establish a master plan of ecological park for Mt. Mindung. This mountain is one of Jeongseon-gun's major tourism sites, due to excellent Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens landscapes at its top area. Approximately 500,000 tourists annually visit the mountain. The main problems of the site were lack of identity, inharmony with nature, damaged trails, and improper facility layouts. These problems are associated with lack of appropriate master plan and management input. To solve the problems and create an ecologically desirable park, this study established a master plan which is characterized by findings of the existing natural resources for diverse leisure services, avoidance of resource damage and reclamation of damaged resources, minimization of artificial facilities. The master plan of ecological park included planning concerned with spatial organization, trail layouts, plantings, landscape facilities, and festival and event openings.

춘천시 도시림의 탄소흡수와 계획방안

조현길,김진영,박혜미 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회 학술발표회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

양계사육을 위한 PC기반 LED 조광제어 시스템 개발

조현길,이인수 한국정보기술학회 2014 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol. No.

본 논문에서는 양계사육을 위한 PC 기반 LED 조광제어 시스템을 설계하고 제작하였다. 제안한 LED 조광제어 시스템은 운행을 위한 소프트웨어 프로그램과 임베디드 장치 및 펌웨어로 구성되어 있다. 또한 실험을 통해서 입력전압에서의 위상변화에 의해 깜빡거림인 플리커링 현상이 발생됨을 알 수 있었다. 만일 플리커링 현상이 발생되면 조명이 불규칙해진다. 또한 플리커링은 닭의 큰 스트레스의 원인이 된다. 그러므르 본 논문에서는 플리커링 현상을 감소시킬 수 있는 아날로그 위상동기화 회로를 이용한 새로운 조광 시스템을 개발하였다. 실험결과 제안한 아날로그 보상 회로에 기반한 조광방법을 적용한 경우에는 플리커링 현상이 발생되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, we designed and manufactured a PC based LED(light emitting diode) dimming control system for poultry breeding. The proposed LED dimming control system consists of software program for operating and embedded device/firmware. From the experiments, also, we know that the variations of the phase of the input voltage is the cause of flickering. If a light flickers, it shines unsteadily. It also causes great stress to hens. In this article, therefore, a new LED dimming control system with analog phase synchronizing circuit was developed in order to reduce the flickering phenomenon. From the experiment results by proposed LED dimming control method based on analog phase synchronizing circuit for compensation of flickering phenomenon, we knew that there was no flickering phenomenon.

마을 이미지성 창출을 위한 경관개선 구상 : 정선군 카지노 타운을 대상으로

조현길,김점수 강원대학교 조형예술연구소 2002 조형예술논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to identify landscape problems for Gohan and Sabook, casino towns in Jeongseon, and to conceptualize improvement strategies to create desirable village imageability. The study selected viewpoints with great visual quantity or high visibility, took photographs, and mapped spatially landscape problems and solutions. Main landscape problems of the study villages were bared tailings and cut slopes, inharmonious afforestation, old and poor buildings, confused skylines, and messed signboards and utility lines. Poor tree plantings on streets and around buildings, and stream pollution were also deteriorating visual quality of landscapes. Landscape planning of the study villages needs to put an emphasis on creating the imageability based on rurality and mining history. Priority of landscape improvement should be given to remodeling of building appearance, streetscape, and greenspace. Especially, within street viewshed having high visibility, required are building improvement, signboard regulation, native street-tree plantings, and screening plantings of old buildings. The results from this study are expected to be applied as practical information to regional policy formulation to improve the image of the study villages' built landscapes and to attract casino visitors and other tourists.

도시녹지의 대기환경개선 효과 : 서울시 중구를 중심으로;Focusing on Jung-gu in Seoul

조현길,조용현,안태원 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

This study explored effects of urban greenspace on improving atmospheric environmcnt, which is concerned with CO₂, SO₂and NO₂ uptake, and with reduction of summer air temperatures. The site of this study was focused on Jung-gu in Seoul. Tree density and cover were1.1trecs/l00 m₂and 12.5% respectively for the study area except forest lands. Atmospheric purification by greenspace was associated with changes in tree cover per unit area of each land use type. The mean C02 storage by woody plants was 19.4t/ha, and annual uptake averaged 2.2t/ha/yr for C0₂, 1.9kg/ha/yr for SO₂and 5.0kg/ha/yr for NO₂. Entire tree plantings in the study area played a significant role by annually offsetting CO₂emissions of about 1,8301 from fossil fuel consumption by 330 persons, SO₂emissions of 1,620kg by 1,080 persons, and NO₂emissions of 4,230kg by 450 persons. The smnmer air temperature was 3.6℃ cooler at a location with 54% cover of woody plants and 4.5℃ cooler at a forest site with 100% cover, compared to a place with no planting. A 10% increase of woody plant cover was estimated to decrease slimmer air temperature by approximately 0.6℃ until a certain level of canopy cover. Analyzing data from the Automatic Weather Stations in Seoul revealed that increasing tree cover decreased mean air tern-perature for the smruner season (Jun∼Aug) in a nonlinear function. Woody plant cover was the best predictive variable of summer temperature reduction. The results from this study are expected to be useful in emphasizing the environmental benefits and importance of urban greenspace enlargement, and in urging the necessity for planting and management budgets.

도시 조경수의 탄소저감 효과와 계량모델 개발 - 5개 향토수종을 대상으로 -

조현길,김진영,박혜미,Jo, Hyun-Kil,Kim, Jin-Young,Park, Hye-Mi 한국조경학회 2014 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.42 No.5

본 연구는 중부지방 도시에 흔히 식재하는 5개의 향토 조경수종을 대상으로, 직접수확법을 통해 수종별 탄소의 저장 및 연간 흡수를 용이하게 산정하는 계량모델을 제시하고, 도시녹지의 탄소저감 효과를 계량화하는데 필요한 기반정보를 구축하였다. 연구대상 수종은 탄소저감 관련 정보가 전무한 이팝나무, 살구나무, 전나무, 산수유, 주목 등이었다. 유목에서 성목에 이르는 일정 간격의 줄기 직경 크기를 고려하여 수종별로 10개체씩, 총 50개체의 수목을 구입하였다. 그리고, 근굴취를 포함하는 직접수확법에 의해 개체당 부위별 및 전체 생체량을 산정하고 탄소저장량을 산출하였다. 수종에 따라 흉고직경 또는 근원직경 부위의 줄기 원판을 채취하여, 직경생장을 분석하고 연간 탄소흡수량을 산정하였다. 직경을 독립변수로 생장에 따른 수종별 단목의 탄소저장 및 연간 탄소흡수를 산출하는 활용 용이한 계량모델을 유도하였다. 이들 회귀식의 $r^2$은 0.92~0.99로서 적합도가 높았다. 흉고직경 10cm인 단목의 탄소저장량 및 연간 탄소흡수량은 이팝나무가 각각 20.0kg/주 및 5.9kg/주/년으로서 가장 많았고, 다음으로 살구나무 17.5kg/주 및 4.5kg/주/년, 전나무 13.2kg/주 및 1.8kg/주/년 등의 순이었다. 근원직경 10cm인 산수유와 주목의 경우는 각각 9.3kg/주 및 3.2kg/주/년, 6.3kg/주 및 0.6kg/주/년이었다. 이 탄소저장량은 이팝나무, 살구나무 및 전나무의 경우 23~35L의 휘발유 소비, 그리고 산수유 및 주목은 11~16L의 휘발유 소비로부터 배출되는 탄소량에 상당하였다. 또한, 상기한 직경의 이팝나무, 살구나무 및 산수유 한 그루는 6~10L의 휘발유 소비, 그리고 전나무와 주목의 경우는 1~3L의 휘발유 소비로부터 배출되는 탄소량을 해마다 상쇄하는 역할을 담당하였다. 본 연구는 도시 조경수의 직접 벌목과 근굴취의 난이성을 극복하므로써, 대상 수종의 생체량을 포함하는 탄소저감을 용이하게 계량화하기 위한 새로운 초석을 마련하였다. This study generated regression models to quantify storage and annual uptake of carbon from five native landscape tree species through a direct harvesting method, and established essential information to estimate carbon reduction effects from urban greenspaces. Tree species for the study included the Chionanthus retusus, Prunus armeniaca, Abies holophylla, Cornus officinalis, and Taxus cuspidata, which are usually planted in cities of middle Korea, but for which no information on carbon reduction is available. Ten tree individuals for each species were sampled reflecting various stem diameter sizes at a given interval. The study measured biomass for each part including the roots of sample trees to compute total carbon storage per tree. The annual carbon uptake per tree was quantified by analyzing the radial growth rates of stem samples at breast height or ground level. Regression models were developed using diameter at breast height (dbh) or ground level (dg) as an independent variable to easily estimate storage and annual uptake of carbon per tree for each species. All the regression models showed high fitness with $r^2$ values of 0.92~0.99. Storage and annual uptake of carbon from a tree with dbh of 10 cm were greatest with C. retusus (20.0 kg and 5.9 kg/yr, respectively), followed by P. armeniaca (17.5 kg and 4.5 kg/yr) and A. holophylla (13.2kg and 1.8 kg/yr) in order. A C. officinalis tree and T. cuspidata tree with dg of 10 cm stored 9.3 and 6.3 kg of carbon and annually sequestered 3.2 and 0.6 kg, respectively. The above-mentioned carbon storage equaled the amount of carbon emitted from gasoline consumption of about 23~35 L for C. retusus, P. armeniaca, and A. holophylla, and 11~16 L for C. officinalis and T. cuspidata. A tree with the diameter size of 10 cm annually offset carbon emissions from gasoline use of about 6~10 L for C. retusus, P. armeniaca, and C. officinalis, and 1~3 L for A. holophylla and T. cuspidata. The study breaks new ground to easily quantify biomass and carbon reduction for the tree species by overcoming difficulties in direct cutting and root digging of urban landscape trees.

춘천시 주거지구내 수목피도의 차이가 난냉방에너지 이용 및 비용에 미치는 효과

조현길,안태원 한국조경학회 1999 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

This study quantified shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed-reduction effects of trees on use and cost of heating and cooling energy in two residential neighborhoods of Chuncheon different in tree cover. Annual savings per residence of heating energy were approximately 1,210 MJ(1%) and those of cooling energy, 130 kWh(10%) in study district 1 having tree cover of about 10% . For district 2 with tree cover of about 20%, annual heating and cooling savings were 2,130 MJ(2%) and 180 kWh(19%) per residence, respectively. Trees annually saved energy costs by approximately ￦31,000 ($26, $1=￦1,200) per residence in district 1 and by ￦49,000($41) in district 2. One tree taller than 3 m resulted in annual energy savings of ￦8,000($7) in the study districts. Energy savings by trees in district 2, which had higher tree cover by 10% difference than district 1, were about 2 times greater than those in district 1. This implies that more tree plantings could enhance energy saving effects. Of the total costs saved, 58% was attributed to windspeed reduction and 47%, evapotranspiration. However, shading increased energy costs by 5% due to tree plantings at the wrong locations. Full tree plantings on the west and north of buildings and avoidance of shade-tree plantings of use of solar-friendly trees on the south are recommended to increase building energy savings efficiently.

주민의식을 반영한 반건조지역의 산림농업 전략 : 몽골 엘센타사라이 지역을 중심으로

조현길,박혜미,김진영 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구는 사막화가 진행 중인 몽골의 엘센타사라이 지역을 중심으로, 주민 설문조사, 조림지 현장답사, 관련 문헌고찰 등을 통해 환경생태적 및 경제적 효과를 동시에 달성할 산림농업의 전략을 모색하였다. 산림농업의 접근유형은 사막화 및 작물 풍해를 방지하기 위한 방풍조림, 소득자원 생산을 위한 농경, 대상지역의 주 산업인 축산 등을 함께 배합하는 농림축혼업을 제안하였다. 주민의견과 생육환경을 반영하여, 조림수종은 사막지대의 자생종인 시베리아포플러와 비술나무를, 경제작목은 짧은 생장기간에 재배 및 수확이 가능한 갈매보리수, 감자, 사료작물 등을 각각 선정하였다. 농림축혼업의 다목적 효과를 충족시킬 토지배분 전략으로서, 다열의 방풍용 수목과 소득용 작물을 교호 대상으로 배식하는 간작기법을 권장하였다. 아울러 강풍과 건조에 대응하여, 경제작목 생산 및 수목생장의 조건을 함께 개선하기위한 간작 시스템 관련 바람직한 식재기법을 모색하였다. 본 결과는 관련 연구가 미흡한 몽골은 물론 유사한 환경의 반건조지역에서, 지속가능한 산림농업을 추진하기 위한 유용한 기반정보가 될 것으로 기대한다. This study explored agroforestry strategies to achieve ecological and economic effects simultaneously for Elsentasarhai region in Mongolia under desertification, based on attitude survey with a questionnaire, field survey on planting sites, and literature review. The agrosilvopastoral approach was suggested as a type of agroforestry practices which combined tree planting for combatting desertification and wind damage to crops, agricultural crop production for income improvement, and livestock raising, a major industry in the study region. Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila native to desert regions were selected for tree planting, and Hippophae rhamnoides, potato, and fodder appropriate for the short growing season were chosen for income crop production, reflecting residents' attitudes and growth environments. As a strategy of land allocation to satisfy multiple effects of the agrosilvopastoral approach, the alley cropping technique was recommended which arranged alternately strips of trees as windbreaks and income crops in multiple rows. The study also explored desirable planting techniques to improve conditions of income crop production and tree growth against drought and strong winds in the alley cropping. Study results will be useful as fundamental information to implement sustainable agroforestry in Mongolia and other semi-arid regions where knowledge concerned is lacking.

야영행위가 식생 및 토양에 미치는 영향에 고나한 연구-지리산국립공원 화엄사 지구 야영장을 대상으로

조현길,이경재,오구균 한국조경학회 1987 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.14 No.3

The overuse in the outdoor recreation lands has been deteriorating the natural resources and landscapes. So this study was executed to measure the users'impacts on vegetation and soil at Hwaum Temple District Campsite in the Mt. Jiri National Park, the southern part of Korea. Five sites were sampled in the study area according to the extent of impact observed. Then the users'densities and impacts on vegetation and soil were measured at each site. According to the result of this study, the numbers of species and individuals and the coverage of lower-layer vegetation showed outstanding changes by only light use. The numbers of species and individuals of middle-layer vegetation, species diversity indices, change rate in species composition of lower and middle-layer vegetation, damage rate of forces, contents of clay, soil moisture and organic matters, exchangeable base ions, soil hardness, organic matter depth and bare area of the campsite showed conspicuous changes from the site 4(19.6men / 1,000㎡). Especially, the self-repair of vegetation was impossible as the result of analysis of soil hardness and the formation of natural vegetation was expected to be difficult as the result of vegetation sturcture analysis over the users'average density of 19.6men /1,000㎡. The campsite management of this area shall be proposed as follows to prevent serious deterioration of natrual environment. A limitation of the present use and a conservation on soil and vegetation should be required at the site 4 and 5. Specially, prevention of camping recreation and artificial rehabilitation are necessary at the site 5(24. 3 men/1000㎡)