창던지기 릴리즈 순간에 대한 운동학적 분석

조필환 ( Phil Hwan Cho ) 한국스포츠리서치 2007 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.18 No.4

This study was conducted to obtain the data for developing the technique of the javelin throwing. The subjects were six male javelin throwers who college athletes. The motions of javelin were filmed by using two Video Cameras. The kinematic factors were projection factors, linear velocity and angle of the body segment, and angular velocity of upper extremity segments. The conclusions were as follows. 1. The projection velocity of the javelin release of the skilled was faster than that of the unskilled, and the projection angle of the javelin of the skilled was lager than that of the unskilled, and the projection height of the javelin of the skilled was higher than that of the unskilled, 2. The shoulder and elbow angle of the upper extremity segments of the skilled in javelin releasing was lager than that of the unskilled, and wrist angle of the skilled was smaller than that of the unskilled in javelin throwing, 3. The linear velocity of the upper extremity segments of the skilled in javelin releasing was faster than that of the unskilled in upperarm, forearm, hand, and the linear velocity of body segments of the skilled were gradually increased from the proximal segment to the distal segment 4. The angular velocity of the upper extremity segments of the skilled was faster than that of the unskilled in upperarm, forearm, hand, and the angular velocity of body segments of the skilled were gradually increased from the proximal segment to the distal segment Taken together the result of them, I have come to conclusion that in order to increase throwing distance, Throwing height must be high and throwing velocity had to be fast and the angular velocity of the body segments must be increase. And the transfer of the angular velocity of body segments for effective projection of javelin should make from the proximal segment to the distal segment.

비만 어린이 보행의 역학적 평가

조필환(Cho Phil-Hwan),정남주(Chung Nam-Ju) 한국체육과학회 2000 한국체육과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate of the kinematical characteristic during the growing obese children gait. To this purpose accomplish, subjects(age: 11~13) were selected 7 male children. They were participated exercise program. All subjects carry out walking practice during 7 days to maintaining gait speed and shape. Using the two-video cameras, each subject was recorded on the video-tape and using the DLT(direct linear transformation) method. three-dimensional coordinate and position data were calculated. After analyzing the stride range. stance and swing time. and angular components, the followings are obtained: 1. The stride length to leg length less than adult's that and stance(heel contact~toe off) time was short while swing(toe off~heel contact) time was long during the stride time. 2. Upper-trunk angular did not show any significant. Thigh segment angular was maintained flexion in the RHC(right heel contac), slight flexion in the RMS(right mid stance), and extension in the RTO(right toe off). 3. Knee joint angular was maintained flexion from the RHC to the RTO. Especially. it is not appear upright shape in the RMS. Ankle joint angular was transformed plantarflexion to the dorsiflexion in stance phase and dorsiflexion to the plantarflexion in swing. It was mean ankle joint angular was uniformed pattern in stance.

농구 자유투 동작의 신체 분절각도에 대한 숙련자와 미숙련자간의 운동학적 비교분석

조필환(Phil Hwan Cho),오정환(Jeong Whan Oh) 한국체육교육학회 2001 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study was to obtain the data for developing and improve the techniques of the free throw in basketball. The subjects of this study were six male basketball player consisted of college students and high school athletes. they were divided into two groups, skilled athletes and unskilled athletes respectively. Free throwing were taken by video camera. The result of analysis is summarized as follows. 1. The angles of trunks of the skilled showed larger than the unskilled at all phase. The difference of trunk angles of phase 1 and phase 2 of the skilled showed larger than that of the unskilled. 2. The wrist joint angle of the skilled showed larger than the unskilled at all phase. The difference of wrist joint angles of phase 1 and phase 2 of the skilled showed larger than that of the unskilled 3. The elbow joint angle of the skilled showed larger than the unskilled at the phase 1. The difference of elbow joint angles of phase 1 and phase 2 of the skilled showed larger than that of the unskilled. 4. The shoulder joint angle of the skilled showed larger than the unskilled at the phase 1 and smaller than in phase 2. The difference of shoulder joint angles of phase 1 and phase 2 of the skilled showed larger than that of the unskilled. 5. The knee joint angles of the skilled showed larger than the unskilled at all phase. The difference of trunk angles of phase 1 and phase 2 of the skilled showed smaller than that of the unskilled.

테니스 플랫 서브동작에 대한 숙련자와 미숙련자간의 운동학적 비교 분석

조필환(Phil Hwan Cho) 한국체육교육학회 2002 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to obtain the data for developing and improve the techniques of the Flat serve in tennis. The subjects of this study were six male tenis player consisting of college students and high school athletes. They were divided into two groups, the skilled athletes and the unskilled athletes respectively. The Flat serves were taken by video camera. The result of analysis is summarized as follows. 1. The velocity of racket and body segment of the skilled athletes were faster than those of the unskilled on impact. The large difference appeared in the velocity of racket and hand. 2. The maximal velocity of racket and hand of the unskilled took place before impact in processing from toss to impact. 3. The angle of racket and body segment of the skilled athletes were larger than those of the unskilled on impact. The large difference appeared in the angle of the shoulder joint. 4. The angular velocity of the skilled athletes were faster than those of unskilled in racket, trunk, and elbow joint, and that of the unskilled athletes were faster than those of the skilled in shoulder.

초등학생의 태권도 수련이 사회성 발달에 미치는 효과

조필환(Cho Phil-Hwan) 한국체육과학회 2001 한국체육과학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the influences of Taekwondo training on the development of children's sociability. An independent variables was training years, training motive showing training degree, training aims, and training frequence a week A dependent variables was learnning atitude, emotional, social, and living atitude. This study survey which was consist of 5 steps double rating scale, and we chose 550 people as an effectual samples except unfaithful answer after we asked 560 people. The conclusions were as follows. The influences of Taekwondo training on the development of children's sociability in the learnning atitude, ntellectual point, emotional point, living atitude as to the training years were significant difference. The development of children's sociability as to the training motive was unsignificant difference. The influence of Taekwondo on the sociability development of children as to the training aims was unsignificant difference in the learnning atitude, emotional and living atitude. But it has some significant difference. As to the training frequencea week, the influence of Taekwondo on the sociability development of children shows significant difference.

초등 체육에서 동기 분위기에 따른 자기 결정 동기와 과외 체육활동 태도 간의 구조적 관계

조필환(Cho, Phil-Hwan) 한국체육교육학회 2015 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.20 No.3

이 연구는 초등학교 아동을 대상으로 체육수업에서 동기분위기와 자기결정동기 및 과외체육활동에 대한 태도 간에 어떤 인과관계가 있는지를 밝힘으로써 초등체육수업에서 제공되어야할 동기유형, 자기결정동기의 방향을 결정하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 선행연구를 바탕으로 동기분위기의 하위요인인 체육수업에서의 아동의 유능성 지각과 교사의 지지를 외생변인으로 하고 자율성, 유능성, 관계성의 기본심리 욕구와 과외체육활동 태도를 내생변인으로 한 인과모델을 설정하고 이의 검증을 통해 변인 간의 인과관계를 증명하고자 하였다. 이 연구에 참여한 참여자는 광주와 전남에 위치한 8개의 초등학교에서 편의표집법으로 선정된 남학생 267명, 여학생 262명, 총 529명이었으며 동기분위기척도, 자기결정동기척도와 과외활동태도척도를 사용하여 기술통계 및 공변량구조분석을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 첫째, 체육수업에서 동기분위기인 아동의 유능성 지각과 교사의 지지는 아동의 자기결정동기인 자율성, 유능성, 관계성과 서로 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자기결정동기인 자율성, 유능성, 관계성은 과외체육활동 태도와 긍정의 인과관계에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 체육수업에 대한 아동의 유능성 지각과 교사의 지지는 과외활동 태도와 긍정의 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 아동의 과외체육활동 태도를 긍정적으로 함양하기 위해서 아동은 자신의 능력에 대해 높이 평가하여야 하고, 교사는 긍정의 지지를 해주여야 함을 시사한다. 또한 아동은 자율성, 유능성, 관계성의 자기결정동기를 높이는 노력이 필요하다는 점을 시사하고 있다. Purpose: The Purpose of this study is to define structural relation among motivation climate, self-determination motivation and attitudes of extra-curricular physical activities in elementary school children. Methods: This study set up a structural relation model which is composed of exogenous variables as motivational climate which is composed by cognition of athletic ability and teachers’ support and endogenous variables are delf-determination motivation which is composed by autonomy, competence and relatedness, and attitudes of extra-curricular physical activities. The participants are 529 elementary school students(boys: 267, girls: 262) who live in G city and J province. This study used motivation climate scale(Subramaniam & Silverman, 2007), self-determination motivation scale(chen & Hypnar, 2015) and attitudes of extra-curricular scale(chen & Hypnar, 2015). Results: In analysis of correlation, there significant relation between motivational climate and self-determination motivation, motivational climate and attitudes of extra-curricular physical activities, self-determination motivation and attitudes of extra-curricular physical activities. In analysis structure equation, this model can be used as theoretical model because general index are proved(χ2=325.44, df=115, Q=2.83, RMR=.052, GFI=.92, TLI=.93, NFI=.93, CFI=.95, RNSEA=.04). In analysis details index, there are significant pathes of cognition of ability → autonomy, competence, relatedness, and attitudes, teachers’ support → autonomy, competence, relatedness, and attitudes, competence → attitudes, relatedness → attitudes. Conclusion: In this study define there are causal relationship among motivation climate, self-determination motivation and attitudes of extra-curricular physical activities in elementary school children. To approve children’s attitudes of extra-curricular physical activities, children need to have high cognition of their athletic ability and received positive support and high self-determination motivation

초등학생의 운동참여가 성장마인드, 끈기와 과제에 대한 도전의식에 미치는 영향

조필환(Cho Phil Hwan) 한국초등체육학회 2020 한국초등체육학회지 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study is to define casual analysis between athletic participation and growth mind, tenacity, and challenging mind in elementary school children. The structural equation model is constructed by exogenous variable which is athletic participation(frequence, time, and period) and endogenous variables which are growth mine, tenacity, and challenging mind. The subjects are 662 children(boys: 344, girls: 318) who have been lived in G metro city and J province, and 406 children have been participation in athletic. The scales are scale of athletic participation scale(frequence, time, and period), growth mind scale, tenacity scale, and challenge scale for children. This study use ANOVA, correlation analysis and structural equation analysis, the conclusions are as follows; First boys show higher athletic participation, growth mind, tenacity and challenging mind than those of girls. Second, this structural equation model is defined as a theoretical model((χ2=60.930, Df=42, CMIN/df= 1.451, RMR =.036 GFI=.985, NFI=.984, TLI=.992, CFI=.995, RMSEA=.026). Third, children’s athletic participation influence to directly the growth mind and tenacity, and indirectly to the challenging mind. Forth, children’s growth mind and tenacity directly influence to the challenging mind. 본 연구는 초등학교 아동을 대상으로 아동의 운동참여가 성장마인드, 끈기와 과제에 대한 도전의식에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 아동의 운동참여를 외생변인으로 하고, 성장마인드, 끈 기, 과제에 대한 도전의식을 내생변인으로 한 구조모델을 설정하고 모델의 검증을 통해 연구문제를 해결하고자 하 였다. 연구 참여자는 편의표집법을 사용하여 G광역시와 J도에 소재한 10개 초등학교를 선정하였으며 참여자는 총 662명(남: 344명, 여: 318명)이었고, 이중 운동참여자는 406명(남: 227명, 여:179명)이었다. 본 연구는 측정도구로 운동참여척도(빈도, 시간, 기간), 성장마인드, 끈기, 과제에 대한 도전의식 질문지를 사용하여 분석하였으며 그 결 과 첫째, 아동의 운동참여를 외생변인으로 하고, 성장마인드, 끈기, 과제에 대한 도전의식을 내생변인으로 한 구조 모델은 이론모델로 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아동의 운동참여는 성장마인드, 끈기와 과제에 대한 도전의식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 과제에 대한 도전의식의 경우 직접적인 효과보다는 성장마인드와 끈기를 매개로 한 간접효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 아동의 성장마인드와 끈기는 과제에 대한 도전의식에 직접적인 영향 을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

특기ㆍ적성 교육의 운동관련 참가학생과 비운동 관련 참가학생의 만족도 조사연구

조필환(Cho Phil-Hwan) 한국체육과학회 2001 한국체육과학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study was to study and improve the satisfaction between participant in sport and non-sport of talent and apitude education. The sample of subjects consisted of 527 students in middle school of Kwangju and Chonnam district was surveyed and analyzed the ANOVA and Post-Hoc Test. The result of analysis is summarized as follows. 1. The necessity of the talent and apitude education. between participant in sport and non-sport had no significant difference. 2. The response of the talent and apitude education. between participant in sport and non-sport had no significant difference. 3. The satisfaction of instructor of the talent and apitude education between participant in sport and non-sport had no significant difference. 4. The satisfaction of lessons of the talent and apitude education showed a order of talent and apitude education related to intellectual learning, sport, the arts.

초등체육수업에서 교사의 자율성 지지와 학습자의 자기효능감, 열정 및 학습참여와의 구조적 관계

조필환(Cho Phil-Hwan) 한국체육교육학회 2018 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.23 No.1

이 연구는 초등학교 아동을 대상으로 체육수업에서 교사의 자율성 지지가 학습자의 수업열정과 학습참여에 어떤 영향에 대한 구조적 관계를 밝히고자 G 광역시에 소재한 10개 초등학교에서 표집된 5〜6학년 653명(남: 337, 여: 316)을 대상으로 학생이 지각하는 교사의 자율성 지지척도, 학습자의 자기효능감척도, 열정척도와 학습참여척도를 사용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 변인 간 관계를 분석에서 교사의 자율성지지, 학습자의 자기효능감, 열정과 학습참여 간에는 서로 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 변인의 구조적 관계를 분석한 결과 외생변인을 교사의 자율성 지지로 하고 내생변인으로 학습자의 자기효능감, 열정, 학습참여로 한 구조모델은 이론모델로 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 구체적인 경로분석에서 자율성지지 → 자기효능감, 자율성지지 → 열정, 자율성지지 → 학습참여와 열정 → 학습참여의 경로가 유의한 것으로 나타나, 교사의 자율성지지는 학습자의 자기효능감, 열정과 학습참여에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로, 학습자의 열정은 학습참여에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 학습자의 체육수업에 대한 열정은 교사의 자율성 지지를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. Purpose: The purpose is to define a casual relationship among teachers’ autonomic support, students’ self-efficacy, passion, and engagement of physical education classes in elementary school. Method: The subjects are 653(boys: 337, Girls: 316) elementary school children more than 5th grade and they have been lived in G city. This study use teachers’ autonomic support scale, self-efficacy scale, passion scale, and engagement scale of physical education classes for elementary school children. Results: The result are as follows; Analysis of correlation between variables, there are significant relationship between teachers’ autonomic support and self-efficacy, passion, and engagement of physical education classes, and self-efficacy and engagement, passion and engagement. In analysis structural equation, suggested model is defined as theoretical model because general index are χ2=103.03, CMIN/df=1.87, RMR=.021, RMSEA=.037, GFI=976, NF=.988, TLI=.992, CFI=.994. Conclusion: There are significant path as autonomic support → self-efficacy, → passion, and → engagement, and passion → engagement. The passion have mediate effect between autonomic support and engagement.

초등체육수업에서 학생이 지각한 교사의 열정이 학생의 수업참여의도에 미치는 영향

조필환(Cho Phil-Hwan) 한국체육교육학회 2016 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.21 No.2

이 연구는 초등학생이 느끼는 교사의 수업에 대한 열정이 교사-학생관계와 아동의 체육수업 참여의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 밝히고자 학생이 느끼는 교사의 열정을 외생변인으로 하고, 교사-학생관계와 학생의 체육수업 참여의도를 내생변인으로 한 이론모델을 설정하여 이들 변인 간 구조적 관계를 검증하고자 하였으며 이 과정에서 교사-학생 관계의 매개효과를 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 G 광역시에 거주하고 있는 초등학생 512명을 대상으로 자료를 분석한 결과 첫째, 초등학생의 성별에 따라서는 남학생이 여학생보다 교사의 조화열정, 교사-학생관계의 헌신과 친근감을 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 남자교사가 수업했을 때 학생들은 교사의 조화열정과 강박열정 및 교사-학생관계 중 헌신을 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 체육수업 담당교사가 담임교사와 전담교사 간에는 변인에 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 변인간 상관분석을 실시한 결과 조화열정, 헌신, 친근감 및 학생의 체육수업 참여의도 간에는 정적인 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교사의 열정을 외생변인으로 하고, 교사-학생관계와 학생의 체육수업 참여의도를 내생 변인으로 한 이론모델은 전반적 지수가 이론모델로 양호한 것으로 나타났으며 세부경로계수에서 조화열정→교소-학생관계, 조화열정 → 수업 참여의도, 강박열정 → 교사-학생관계, 교사-학생관계 → 수업 참여의도의 경로가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 교사의 열정과 학생의 체육수업 참여의도에 있어서 교사-학생관계의 매개효과를 검증한 결과 교사-학생 관계는 이 두 변인을 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결론은 교사가 조화로운 열정으로 체육수업에 참여함으로써 교사-학생관계를 강화할 수 있으며 교사-학생 간의 관계는 학습자가 체육수업에 참여하게 하는 의도를 강화한다는 점을 제시해 주고 있다. Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to define the effect of teachers’ passion as a view of children on intention of children’s participation of physical education classes and mediating effect of teacher-student relationship. Methods: This study set up a casual relation model which was composed of exogenous variables as teacher’s passion view of children, and endogenous variables as teacher-children relationship and participation intention of physical education classes. The subjects were 512 children(boys: 240, girls: 272) who were more 5th grade in G city. This study used passion scale for physical education classes , teacher-students relationship scale and participate intention of physical education classes for children. This study used t-test and ANOVA, correlation analysis and path analysis. Results: In analysis correlation, there were significant relation between harmonious passion and teacher-students relation, participate intention, and teacher-student relation and participate intention. In analysis Path analysis, this model can be used as theoretical model because general indexes were proved more than critical state. In analysis details index, there were significant paths of harmonious passion ⟶ teacher-student relation, → participate intention, obsessive passion → teacher-student relation, and teacher-student relation → participate intention. In analysis mediator effect, teacher-student relation had mediator effect between harmonious passion and participate intention. Conclusion: Harmonious passion as view of students had positive effect on teacher-student relation and participate intention of children, but obsessive passion of teachers had a effect on teacher-student relation and teacher-student relation had mediator effect between harmonious passion and participate intention of children.