제주시와 부산시 해안변의 해안경관보전을 위한 경관평가

조은일,이병걸,Cho, Eun-Il,Lee, Byung-Gul 해양환경안전학회 2008 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.14 No.2

We assessed the coastal landscape of Jeju and Busan cities, respectively. In the study, we tried to estimate the coastal landscape based on the micro-scale and visualization landscape concepts. According to the estimation, the seawater pumping line causes the serious problem of coastal landscape. It means that water management treatment system of coastal region has been an important problem in Jeju city and Busan city since the slight problem was not corrected such as the distributions of pipeline of the pumping system making a bad view in coastal region. To solve the problem, we observed the pipeline distributions that were on the surface around the coastal region. we proposed two methods, that is, one is a short time treatment, the other is a long time one. The short is based on the colour treatment, which is pipeline colour changing into surround natural one. The long time is the construction design method which needs construction management method. Although the later method was very useful in Jeju island and Busan city. However, it takes a lot of time and money. Therefore, in the situation, the short time plan is more useful method than the long time one. 제주시와 부산시 해안변의 경관훼손부분에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 해안경관은 초점경관과 경관흡수인자들에 의하여 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 부산시과 제주시의 해안경관을 조사한 결과 횟집수조 내 공급되는 해수를 인근 해역에 해수 파이프를 설치하여 이용하고 있으나 무질서하게 설치된 해수 인수관으로 인하여 아름다운 해안경관의 미관을 해치고 있으며 부산시나 제주시를 찾는 관광객들의 많은 불만을 야기시키고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 해수인수관의 색상과 질감 그리고 그것을 관찰하는 행인이나 관찰자에 의한 두 가지 정보에 의하여 해안경관이 결정됨을 알 수 있었다.

일부 자원 여성에서 모발염색 후 림프구의 DNA손상과 관련 요인

조진아,오은하,설동근,이은일,Cho, Jin-A,Oh, Eun-Ha,Sull, Dong-Geun,Lee, Eun-Il 대한예방의학회 2002 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.35 No.4

Objectives : To evaluate the DNA damage by hair dyeing in human lymphocytes Methods : Comet assays were carried out to evaluate the DNA damage in lymphocytes by hair dyeing. Twenty subjects were selected from women volunteers whose age ranged from 55 to 67 year old. All subjects had no smoking history. Blood samples were collected before and 6 hours after hair dyeing. DNA damage was evaluated by means of the tail moments, which were quantified by a KOMET 4.0 image analysis system. Results : The tail moments before hair dyeing showed no significant differences among subjects except for the high frequency group. The mean values of the tail moments in subjects with low and high frequencies of hair dyeing were 1.39 and 1.77, respectively (p<0.05). The tail moments after hair dyeing increased significantly, The mean values of tail moments in subjects before and after hair dyeing were 1.45 and 1.79, respectively (p<0.01). However, the difference levels of DNA damage in lymphocytes before and after hair dyeing were found to be slightly lower in both the dietary supplement taking group and high frequency group. Conclusions : The high frequency group appears to have a higher level of DNA damage than the low frequency group before hair dyeing. DNA damage in lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in the volunteers after hair dyeing. In this study, the related factors such as high frequency and taking dietary supplements appeard to reduce DNA damage in lymphocytes after hair dyeing.

가막만의 (駕莫灣) 환경용량 산정 (Ⅱ) - 굴양식장 환경용량 산정 -

조은일(Eun Il CHO),박청길(Chung Kil PARK),이석모(Suk Mo LEE) 한국수산과학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

In order to estimate the carrying capacity of oyster culture ground in Kamak Bay, primary productivity was calculated using the ecosystem model. The allowable maximum oyster production, namely, the carrying capacity of Kamak Bay was estimated by using the annual phytoplankton production and conversion coefficient to oyster meat. On the environmental conditions of oyster culture period from June, 1994 to March, 1995, phytoplankton production, the allowable maximum oyster production were estimated to be 181,594 tons of carbon and 287,033 tons of oyster meat, respectively. The allowable maximum oyster production was estimated to be 15,443 tons in the actual culture ground where oyster culture facilities are installed in Kamak Bay. In 1994 4,532 tons of actual oyster meat production was equivalent to ca. 29% of carrying capacity, and in 1987 it was 14,592 tons equivalent to ca. 95%.

전도성 고무줄을 이용한 무선 근육 부피 변화 측정 시스템 개발 및 손동작 분류 알고리즘의 고안

조은일(Cho Eun Il),허정현(Heo Jung Hyun),임지현(Im Ji Hyeon),윤영로(Yoon Young Ro) 한국통신학회 2016 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.6

가막만(駕莫灣)의 환경용량(環境容量) 산정(算定)(1) -생태계모델을 이용한 기초생산력 산정-

조은일 ( Eun Il Cho ),박청길 ( Chung Kil Park ),이석모 ( Suk Mo Lee ) 한국수산학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

駕莫灣의 식물플랑크톤에 대한 기초생산력을 산정하기 위해 해수유동모델과 생태계 모델을 이용하였다. 이를 위해 양식기간동안 양식장이 없는 조건으로 식물플랑크톤에 대한 기초생산력을 산정하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 양식장이 없는 경우로 월별 식물플랑크톤을 예측한 결과로 월별 식물플랑크톤량의 변화를 보면 6월부터 증가하기 시작하여 9월이 가장 높은 식물플랑크톤량을 보이고 9월부터 12월까지 급격히 감소하다가 그 이후 3월까지 서서히 감소하였다. 양식장이 없는 경우로 월별 식물플랑크톤에 대해 계산한 기초생산력을 보면 양식기간 동안 범위는 0.99~10.20gC/m2/d로 평균 4.43C/m2/d이였다. 월별 변동을 보면 6월부터 급격하게 증가하기 시작하여 8월에 가장 높은 생산력을 보이고 8월 이후 12월까지 급격히 감소하다가 1월 이후에 3월까지 서서히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. The eco-hydrodynamic model was used to estimate the primary productivity of the oyster culture grounds in Kamak Bay. It is composed of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the simulation of water flow and ecosystem model for the simulation of phytoplankton. The ecosystem model was applied to simulate phytoplankton biomass during culturing period in condition of no oyster culture grounds. The field surveys were conducted from May, 1994 to March, 1995 in Kamak bay. The results showed the concentration of chlorophyll α to be 1.00~23.28 μg/l in the surface layer, 1.27~29.97 μg/l in the middle layer and 1.23~23.08 μg/l in the bottom layer. In monthly variations of chlorophyll α concentration, very high concentration were found in July, 1994 and very low concentrations in December, 1994. As the results of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation, the computed tidal currents are mainly toward the inner part of bay through Yeosu Harbor and the southern mouth of a bay during the flood tide. The computed residual currents were dominated southward in Yeosu Harbor and eastward in the mouth of bay and also showed strong clockwise water circulation at the mouth of bay. The pattern between the simulated and observed tidal ellipses at three stations was very similar. The mean relative errors of all levels between the simulated and observed phytoplankton biomass at 14 stations in Kamak Bay were 13.81%, 9.31% and 17.84%, respectively. The results of phytoplankton biomass simulation showed that the biomass increased from June to September and rapidly decreased to December and then slowly increased to March. Primary productivity was estimated in the range of 0.99-10.20gC/m2/d with the average value of 4.43 gC/m2/d in condition of no oyster culture grounds. Primary productivity was rapidly increased from June to August and rapidly decreased to December and then slowly increased from January to March in Kamak Bay.

제주도 개발사업의 "선보전 후개발" 원칙 적용 사례분석

조은일 ( Eun Il Cho ),허철구 ( Chul Goo Hu ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has the natural assets resulting in UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, World Heritage Listed and World Geopark Certification, so the principle of ``Conservation First Development Later`` has been set up for the vision of environmental policy to preserve these assets. This case study has been carried out to investigate the realization of the principle of ``Conservation First Development Later`` for the development projects performed environmental impact assessment from 1994 to 2012 in Jeju Province, using geographic information systems(GIS). The Jeju Province has its own ordinance to consult and operate an environmental impact assessment(EIA) system. In particular, the conservation area, such as, Absolute/Relative Conservation Area and Underground Water, Ecosystem and View Conservation Zone, has been assigned and managed specially to conserve the natural environment. The 179 projects has been performed EIA for last 18 years in Jeju Province, and then the Absolute Conservation Area has been included in 22 projects and the Relative Conservation Area has been included in 34 projects. However, the 2 projects only have included the Absolute Conservation Area for 7 years after 2005. This result suggests that the application of the principle for the Absolute Conservation Area is strengthened gradually. On the other hand, the 17 projects and the 24 projects have included the Underground Water Conservation Zone assigned grade 1 and 2, respectively, and the number has been increasing after 2004. The results show that it needs to strengthen the application of the principle for this Zone. And the Ecosystem Conservation Zone assigned grade 1 and 2 have been included in 1 project and 9 projects, respectively. It is considered from this result that the principle is realized successfully for the Ecosystem Conservation Zone. In addition, it could be known that the principle is applied well for the View Conservation Zone, in this study.

수영만 수질에 미치는 비점원 오염부하의 특성과 영향

조은일 ( Eun Il Cho ),이석모 ( Suk Mo Lee ),박청길 ( Chung Kil Park ) 한국수산학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

강우시 유출되는 비점원오염물질의 유출특성을 조사하고, 수영만에 있어서 하천오염물질이 만내로 유입되어 미치는 영향을 4가지 경우인 점원오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 1), 연간 비점원오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 2), 우기시 오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 3)과 실측강우 조사기간동안 비점원오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 4)으로 나누어 예측 및 평가하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 비점원오염물질의 특성을 보면 강우시 하천의 수질변동은 강우강도와 유량의 증감과 매우 밀접한 관계를 가지고 증감한다. COD, TSS와 VSS의 경우는 2차 강우 후 유량이 최대인 65.736㎥/s가 될 때 오염물질의 최대치가 나타났는데 최대치는 각각 121.4㎎/l, 1148.0㎎/l와 262.0㎎/l를 보여주었다. 그리고 영양염류인 경우는 1차 강우가 시작되어 유량이 1차 최대치인 4.686㎥/s로 증가할 때 최대치를 보여주는데 TIN, NH4(-) -N, NO2(-) -N과 PO4(3-) -P는 각각 20.306㎎/l, 14.154㎎/l, 9.571㎎/l와 1.785㎎/l를 나타내며 2차 강우가 시작된 후 약간 증가하다가 감소하였다. 해수유동모델에 의한 결과를 보면 만내 유향은 낙조시에 시계방향으로 창조시에 반시계방향으로 북동-남서방향이다. 만내 조류속은 최대 0.3m/s이고 만외유속은 0.4m/s 정도이며 계산치는 관측치와 매우 유사하게 재현되고 있다. 확산모델의 보정은 점원오염부하량이 만내에 미치는 영향을 수영만내 관측치를 이용해 반복 시뮬레이션하여 보정하였고 보정결과 COD, SS의 계산 결과는 관측치와 잘 일치하였다. 확산모델의 적용결과 수영강의 오염부하는 낙조시에는 해운대 해수욕장으로 창조시는 광안리 해수욕장으로 수질을 악화시켰다. 비점원오염부하가 만내에 미치는 영향을 재현시킨 결과 연간 강우로 인한 비점원오염부하(Case 2)와 우기시 강우로 인한 오염부하(Case 3)가 미치는 영향은 점원오염부하(Case 1)가 만내 수질이 미치는 영향과 비교해 광안리 해수욕장의 오염부하를 약간 증가시키며 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 강우 조사시 비점원오염부하가 미치는 영향(Case 4)은 수영만내에 매우 심각한 오염현상을 보여준다. 낙조시에는 COD와 SS의 만내의 농도 분포는 각각 2.0~30.0㎎/l와 7.0~200.0㎎/l를 보여준다. 낙조시에는 창조시보다 낮은 오염정도를 나타내나 해운대 해수욕장으로는 높은 오염을 가중시키는 것을 볼 수 있다. 그러나 강우가 멈춘 후 24시간이 경과하여 실측한 수영만의 오염분포를 보면 건기시 해역농도에 비해 약간 높은 농도분포를 보여 주는 것으로 보아 입자가 큰 침강성 고형물질의 빠른 침강과 수영만내 해수유동으로 인해 빠르게 확산되어 농도가 감소되는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 강우가 시작한 후 매우 높은 오염물질을 함유하는 강우유출수가 만내로 유입될 때의 충격부하는 수영만의 해양생태계에 심각한 영향을 미치리라 예상 되며 만약 이들 강우유출수를 처리하여 만내로 유출시키면 만내 수질은 개선되리라 사료된다. The most obvious and easily recognizable sources of potential water pollution are point sources such as domestic and industrial wastes. But recently, the potential effects of nonpoint sources on water quality have been increased apparently. In order to evaluate the characteristics and the effects of nonpoint sources on water quality, this study was performed in Suyeong Bay from May, 1992 to July, 1992. The depth-averaged 2-dimensional numerical model, which consists of the hydrodynamic model and the diffusion model was applied to simulate the water quality in Suyeong Bay. When flowrate was 65.736㎥/s, the concentration of pollutants (COD, TSS and VSS) at Oncheon stream (Sebeong bridge) during second flush were very high as much as 121.4㎎/l of COD, 1148.0㎎/l of TSS and 262.0㎎/l of VSS. When flowrate was 4.686㎥/s, the concentration of pollutants (TIN, NH4(+)-­N, NO2(-)-N and PO4(3-)-P) during the first flush were very high as much as 20.306㎎/l of TIN, 14.154㎎/l of NH4(+)-N, 9.571㎎/l of NO2(-)-N and 1.785㎎/l of PO4(3-)-P. As results of the hydrodynamic model simulation, the computed maximum velocity of tidal currents in Suyeong Bay was 0.3m/s and their direction was clockwise flow for ebb tide and counter clockwise flow for flood tide. Four different methods were applied for the diffusion simulation in Suyeong Bay. There were the effects for the water quality due to point loads, annual nonpoint loads and nonpoint loads during the wet weather and the investigation period, respectively. The effects of annual nonpoint loads and nonpoint loads during the wet weather seem to be slightly deteriorated in comparison with the effects of point loads. However, the bay was significantly polluted by the nonpoint loads during the investigation period. In this case, COD and SS concentrations ranged 2.0~30.0㎎/l, 7.0~200.0㎎/l in ebb tide, respectively. From these results, it can be emphasized that the large amount of pollutants caused by nonpoint sources during the wet weather were discharged into the bay, and affected significantly to both the water quality and the marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the loadings of nonpoint pollutants to plan wastewater treatment plant.

물질순환모델을 이용한 제주항의 수질관리(II) -제주항의 수질 특성과 오염부하량 산정-

조은일(Eun Il Cho),강기봉(Ki Bong Kang) 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of water quality in Jeju harbor and to estimate pollutant loadings discharged into Jeju Harbor. To know characteristics of water quality in Jeju harbor and pollutant loadings of Sanzi river, we have investigated from August, 2000 to May, 2001. The results showed that the concentrations of COD, DIN and DIP were in the range of 1.00~4.85㎎/L(mean 2.15㎎/L), 2.14~74.0㎍-at/L(mean 12.20㎍-at/L) and 0.52~4.00㎍-at/L(mean 1.18㎍-at/L), respectively. There values were under Ⅲ class of seawater quality criteria. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was lower than 16 except for Station 1 in Jeju harbor. Therefore, nitrogen was playing an important role in phytoplankton growth as limiting factor in Jeju harbor. The mean values of eutrophication index were exceeding 1, which was the eutrophication criteria. The results of estimating pollutant loadings at Sanzi river are 0.30 ton/day for COD, 300㎏/day for DIN and 18.0㎏/day for DIP, respectively.

제주도 서귀포항 및 한림항내 표층퇴적물의 PCBs 분포

조은일 ( Eun-il Cho ),허륜용 ( Ryun-yong Heo ),이민규 ( Min-gyu Lee ),감상규 ( Sang-kyu Kam ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Measurements of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were taken in surface sediments inside Seogwipo and Hallim Harbors of Jeju Island, Korea, to evaluate their distribution. These harbors typically have heavy ship traffic. The samples were collected three times (in June, October, and December, 2013). PCB concentrations in sediments from Seogwipo Harbor were higher than in those from Hallim Harbor, but both levels were very low, compared with those in other parts of the world. Sedimentary PCB levels had a strong correlation with organic carbon and fine granule mud content. PCB concentration values in the examined surface sediments were much lower than Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) such as ER-L (Effect Rrange-Low), TEL (Threshold Effects Level) and ISQG (Interim Sediment Quality Guideline)-low value applied in countries, such as USA, Canada, and Australia. This suggests that the PCBs did not have significant biological effects on benthic organisms in the marine environment.

제주도 하천에 적용 가능한 지역환경기준 설정

조은일 ( Eun Il Cho ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

For the purpose of protecting the health of citizens and creating a delightful environment, the Government shall establish the environmental standards, and make such standards keep their propriety according to any changes in environmental conditions. The Special Metropolitan City, Metropolitan City or Do may, in case where deemed necessary in view of the speciality of regional environments, set forth the separate environmental standards which are more expanded and strengthened than the environmental standards by the Municipal Ordinance of the relevant City/Do. The purpose of this study was for the management of stream waters of Jeju Island and proposed the appropriate Jeju local river environmental standards. Jeju-Do and Daejeon-si applies the Local River Environmental Standards in Korea. While each nation? circumstances and environment are different, for the most part, environmental standards and purposes of use are similar to those in Korea. Proposed Jeju River Local Environment Standards followed The River Environment Standards of Nation(Korea) for Living Environment Standards. Newly Strengthened Value is Cd, Carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethene, Tetrachloroethylene(PCE) and add Items is Fluorine, Selenium, Phenol and Toluene for Human Health Protection.