가해자를 통해 드러나는 도덕의 딜레마 : 박경리의 장편소설 『창』을 중심으로

조윤아(Cho Yun-A) 중앙어문학회 2010 語文論集 Vol.44 No.-

Although most of Park Kyung-ni's novels dealing with the Korean War show a life of a war widow or victim, who is the female head of a family without the father or the husband, one of such novel “ Chang” is characteristic in that the father as the harmer who abandoned his family is the main character. This novel was serialized in 1970, a work that was written after some 20 years after she experienced the War and 15 years after her debut as a writer when she became out of the memory of the War to some degree. The main character Maeng Si-heon lives with consciousness of guilt because, when the Korean War broke out, he sought refuge alone leaving his wife and son behind, whom he never met again after the War. For some 20 years he could not know whether they were alive, and he completely isolated himself from a happy, humane life. Survivors of war who experienced what they would not without the war spend the rest of their days with consciousness of guilt from the fact they just survived, and so does Maeng. He aspires to live a human, warm life when he knows Seon-yeong, a daughter of a kitchenmaid. He attempts to effect a reconciliation with the war victims as the harmer through the relation with Seon-yeong, who lives a war victim's life after her husband abandoned her and her child was dead, but recognizes that the desire for a humane life cannot be allowed for him. Maeng committed suicide in order to liberate himself from the restraint of guilt. Park Kyung-ni induces the reader to think of moral by dealing with the pain of harmer, which she had not addressed in other works. Conscience is what should be kept, but on the other hand social gaze demanding keeping conscience serves as a harsh restraint to people. This is the moral dilemma.

박경리 소설에 나타난 폭력 희생자들의 원죄의식

조윤아 ( Yun A Cho ) 조선대학교 인문학연구원 2011 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.41

The element that has been most mentioned when assessing Park Kyung-ni`s novels is tragic destiny, which sometimes caused by violence. The characters who are brought to such destiny by violence can be called violence victims. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific qualities of something enormous usually called destiny in her novels that depicted violent reality. Her The Daughters of Pharmacist Kim(김약국의 딸들) and The Field at Sunset(노을진 들녘) present characters who are killed or lose their minds by violence, while Relapsing Fever(재귀열) and My Mind Is a Lake(내 마음은 호수) do those who fall victims to violence and get a threat of death. What is noteworthy with those works is that the violence victims face a tragic fate by being accused of doing wrong or becoming victims of violence even though they commit no crimes at all with their innocent personalities or perfect characters. They fall victims to violence because their family members are accused of doing wrong by the ruling discourse. In The Daughters of Pharmacist Kim, My Mind Is a Lake and Relapsing Fever, Park talks about perception of original sin forced upon the characters to explain the fundamental reason why the violence victims are brought to a violent situation. In The Field at Sunset, the one who actually committed a crime witnesses damages done to innocent victims, admits his crime, and realizes the collective responsibility of crime and the inheritance of original sin. Park lost her husband in a war as he was imprisoned for the accusation of left-wing activities during Korean War and died in prison. Since his death, her family was labeled a commie family and had to go through all sorts of suffering. Never free from ideology that made her husband a wrongdoer, the author could not help taking in-depth approaches toward the meaning of sin and the collective responsibility of sin. Thus she tried to demonstrate the injustice in the society that accuses innocent people of original sin and inflicts violence on them by depicting innocent people victimized by violence or faced with a tragic fate.

칼럼 글쓰기에 대한 학습자 반응 및 지도 방안

조윤아(Cho Yun A) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2015 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.15 No.8

본 연구는 칼럼에 대한 학습자 반응 분석과 학습자가 작성한 칼럼의 분석을 통 해 칼럼 중심의 글쓰기 교육의 이점을 밝히고, 통합적인 지도 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 대학생 200여 명을 대상으로 설문을 한 결과, 학습자 대부분은 칼럼이 글쓰기 훈 련에 도움이 된다고 생각하고 있으나, 그것에 비해 실제로 칼럼 쓰기를 해본 경험은 아주 적었다. 인문계, 자연계, 예능계 등 계열별로 조금씩 선택의 차이를 보이는 항 목도 있었다. 또 학생이 작성한 칼럼과 논증글에 대하여 학습자들이 동료첨삭을 실 행한 결과, 논증글이 설득력이 높다고 평가하면서도, 본받아 써보고 싶은 글로 칼럼 을 선택하는 경우도 상당수였다. 실제로 논증글과 칼럼을 비교해보면 주제 선택이나 구성과 표현에 있어서 칼럼이 좀 더 다양하고 자유로운 특성을 보인다. 글쓰기 교육에서 칼럼 쓰기는 학습자에게 동기부여를 쉽게 이끌어낼 수 있으며, 논술문보다 다양하고 창의적인 사고와 표현을 할 수 있도록 하는 이점이 있다. 칼럼 쓰기를 지도할 때에 읽기 자료로 여러 분야 다양한 장르의 글을 읽고 토론을 하게 하는 통합적인 지도를 한다면, 칼럼 중심의 대학 글쓰기 교육은 더욱 효과적인 지도 방안이 될 수 있을 것이다. In general, a newspaper column is known to be helpful for writing exercise. However, some researchers express concerns over writing instruction focusing on genres. They insist that it might hinder students from active thinking and limit their free expression. The purpose of this study is to identify advantages of writing education focusing on a column and to suggest an integrate teaching plan through an analysis on learner s reaction to columns and an analysis on columns that learners wrote. Over 200 college students answered a questionnaire. The results from the questionnaire showed that most students found the columns helpful for a writing practice. However, they had few experiences in column writing. Some items of the questionnaire showed a slight difference depending on departments including humanities department, natural science and engineering department and arts, music and physical department. Learners were asked to correct columns and argument articles that their peer wrote. Students evaluated their peer s argument articles to be highly persuasive while they answered that they wanted to model after columns that their peer wrote. When argument articles and columns are actually compared, the columns have more various characteristics in topics, plots and expression. In writing education, column writing could easily motivate students and help them to think and write more variously and creatively than argument writing could. When teaching column writing, if teachers guide their students to read a different genre rather than columns as a reading material and to have them discuss on it for an integrate lesson, writing education focusing on columns would be an effective teaching method in a poor educational environment.

박경리의 소설 『토지』에 나타난 섬진강과 송화강의 지역성 연구

조윤아(Cho, Yun-A) 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2021 로컬리티 인문학 Vol.- No.26

본 연구는 실재하는 공간의 지명을 사용한 소설 『토지』에서 ‘강’이라는 공간, 특히 섬진강과 송화강의 지역성을 작품에서 파악해냄으로써 문학적 상상력에 의한 공간 형성의 의미와 가치를 알아보고자 한다. 특히 이 공간을 ‘지역성’으로 분석함으로써 소설의 공간 연구에 ‘지역성’ 연구 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 섬진강은 등장인물들의 죽음과 이별, 기다림의 장소로 의미 있는 공간이다. 그리고 서술자에 의해 역사 속에서 상당수의 사람들이 죽음을 맞은 장소로 부각된다. 등장인물들은 긴밀하게 소통하고 공감하며, 이 공간에서 일상을 살거나 중요한 소식을 나누며 연대한다. 이를 통해 서민성과 마을 공동체성을 지닌 섬진강의 지역성을 보여준다. 송화강의 경우 실존인물 독립운동가가 등장하고, 서술자가 역사적인 사실을 진술하면서 민족적인 의미를 강하게 부여 받는다. 그 외 조선의 독립을 갈망하는 등장인물들에 의해서도 민족적인 의미가 반복적으로 언급된다. 송화강의 지역성은 생활이 아니라 개념, 즉 민족의식에 한해서만 공동체성이 발견된다는 점에서 특이성을 지닌다. 본 연구는 『토지』에서 두 강의 대비되는 공간 특성을 분석하였으며, 장소성이나 민족의식 등을 포함하는 용어로서 ‘지역성’을 규정하고 적용함으로써 공간 연구의 새로운 시도를 하였다는 데에 가치가 있다. This study aims to find out the meaning and value of space formation based on literary imagination by understanding the spaces of ‘rivers’ in the novel Toji(Land), which used the names of spaces that actually exist, and in particular, by looking into the locality of the Seomjin River and Songhwa River. In particular, it analyzes such spaces by ‘locality’ to present ‘locality’ research methods to the spatial research of novels. The Seomjin River is a significant space as a location of death, parting, and waiting for the characters. Also, it is magnified by the narrator as a historical place where a considerable amount of people shed blood. The characters closely communicate and sympathize, living within the space or being in solidarity while sharing important news. This displays the locality of the Seomjin River, which has a sense of folkishness along with a sense of town community. In the case of the Songhwa River, an independence fighter who was a real person appears and it is granted strong national significance as the narrator states historical truths. In addition, national significance is repeatedly mentioned by characters longing for the independence of Joseon. The locality of the Songhwa River has specificity in that a sense of community is found, not in living but in concept, or in other words, only with regard to national consciousness. This study analyzed the contrasting spatial characteristics of the two rivers in Toji(Land) and it has value as it made new attempts in spatial research by defining and applying ‘locality’ as a term that includes placeness or national consciousness.

유치권제도의 개선을 위한 입법방향

조윤아 ( Cho Yun-a ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2016 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.35

유치권의 고유한 특징 중 유치권 제도의 폐해와 관련된 주범은 민사집행법 상의 인수주의 규정으로 인해 유치권에 사실상의 최우선변제권이 인정되는 것이라 할 수 있다. 우리 대법원도 최근 이를 의식하여 현행법의 해석론을 통해 유치권의 인수를 제한하려는 움직임을 보여 왔고, 그 필요에 상응하여 개발된 판례 이론이 유치권의 대항력 법리이다. 하지만 본고에서 살펴볼 바와 같이 판례가 전개하는 대항력 법리는 해석론을 통한 문제의 해결에 한계가 있음을 보여주기에, 결국 유치권제도의 문제점은 입법을 통하여 해결되어야 할 것이다. 유치권제도의 원칙적 폐지 및 저당권제도로의 전환, 인수주의의 폐지를 골자로 하였던 유치권 관련 개정안은 19대 국회의원의 임기가 만료되면서 폐기되었으나 유치권제도에 있어 인수주의 폐지라는 근본적인 변혁을 시도하였다는 점에서 앞으로의 입법방향에 시사하는 바가 크다. 하지만 유치권을 폐지하고 이를 저당권으로 대체함으로써 유치권제도가 추구해온 공평의 원칙을 현저히 훼손하였기에 위 개정안은 현행 유치권 제도의 부작용을 막기 위한 최선책이었다고 볼 수 없다. 본고에서는 대법원 판례가 전개한 대항력 법리와 최근 폐기된 유치권 관련 개정안을 실마리로 향후 유치권제도가 어떠한 방향으로 개정되어야 하는지 고찰해보려고 한다. 본고에서 제안하는 입법방향은 유치권 제도를 폐지하는 것이 아니라 기존 유치권 제도를 보완하는 방식이다. 유치권제도가 추구하는 이념을 훼손하지 않으면서 문제점을 극복하기 위해서는, 첫째, 유치권에 우선변제권 부여하되 매각과정에서 모두 소멸하도록 하고, 둘째, 유치권 자체를 등기할 수 있도록 하며, 셋째, 미완성·미등기 부동산의 경우에도 유치권 등기 및 강제집행이 가능하도록 표시등기부제도를 도입하고, 넷째, 유치권의 공시에 단절이 생기지 않도록 점유 또한 유치권의 공시방법으로 인정하여야 한다. The problematic issue deriving from the current system of the Right of Retention has been the Principle of Take Over in the Civil Execution Act which actually had approved the most preferential repayment right to the Retention Right. Being aware of this issue, the Supreme Court has endeavored to restrict the Principle of Take Over by the active interpretations of the existing laws (e. g., the 320th article of the Civil Act and the 91th article of the Civil Execution Act). The legal principles restricting counterforce of the Right of Retention have been developed as a precedent theory necessitated by this problematic issue. This paper argues that the legal principles restricting counterforce of the Right of Retention cannot entirely settle the issue and that legislation is a more appropriate approach to the problematic issue of the current Right of Retention in force. The Bill of the Civil Act Amendment which abrogate the Right of Retention in principle and transforms it to the system of a hypothec, has discarded as the term of 19th National Assembly ended. However, this aborted Bill gives a significant suggestion to the direction of forthcoming legislation, on the way of attempting to abrogate the Principle of Take Over in the Right of Retention. Nontheless, this Amendment Bill was not the best possible legislation to settle the problematic issue inherent in the Right of Retention in force. By replacing the Right of Retention with a hypothec, it impairs the Principle of Fairness that the Right of Retention has pursued. This paper suggests a fresh direction for a new Amendment of the Right of Retention by evaluating the pros and cons of both the Principle of Opposing power developed by the Supreme Court precedents and the recently aborted Bill of the Civil Law Amendment. It argues for a legislation that does not abrogate but supplements the current Right of Retention. The specific supplementations are as follows: 1. Bestow the preferential repayment right to the lien but let it be extinguished by sale. 2. Allowing the lien to be registered on the register book. 3. Introducing the indication registration system so the lien can be registered on unregistered immovables and thereby make them subject to compulsory execution. 4. Acknowledging the possession of the immovables as a way of making public the Right of Retention so there may not be a discontinuation in the public notice of the lien.

박경리 소설에 나타난 통영 공간의 상상력

조윤아(Cho Yun-a) 한국비평문학회 2009 批評文學 Vol.- No.32

Tongyeong is Park Kyung-Ni’s hometown. It is a port city including lots of islands. Among Park’s works, works whose backgrounds are Tongyeaong or another small port city have something in common. Representative works featuring the spatial features of Tongyeong include 〈Sad Song〉, 〈The Daughters of Kim’s Pharmacy〉, 〈A Seasonal Fish Market〉 and 〈The Era of Fantasy〉. To begin with, that quiet and small city, whether it is located on the coast or not, features unrealistic, dreamlike sceneries. Due to such dreamlike characteristics, characters feel comfortable in that city. They, however, get confused as social taboos fail to work. Main characters suffer great pains caused by betrayal, marriage without love, being a virtual prisoner in one’s own home and suicide. The most noteworthy thing, however, is the relationships associated with incest. This is shown through a male character having affair with his sister in law, a female character who gets married to her father’s friend, and a female character who receives a confession from her boy friend father’s that he loves her. Main characters do not stop their love, though it is considered unethical. They unreasonably pursue their love to the end, making them or others miserable. The works whose background reminds readers Park’s hometown show the author’s desire to fill her deficiency in her unconsciousness. Tongyeong which features dreamlike aura produces predominantly unrealistic atmosphere. In addition, unreasonable and unethical incidents take place there. This is unconsciously expressed in Park’s works whose background is Tongyeong. In those works, the author tells of her sad experiences involving her father and shows her pain over her husband’s death during the war.

만화 원작 TV 드라마의 시ㆍ공간 구성에 관한 연구

조윤아(Cho Yun-A) 돈암어문학회 2009 돈암어문학 Vol.- No.22

소설이나 만화를 각색하여 영화나 TV드라마를 제작하는 것은 근래 영상매체 환경에서 지극히 자연스러운 현상이 되었다. 문제는 각 매체의 성격이 판이하게 다르기 때문에 다른 매체로 작품을 전환할 경우 각 매체의 특성을 잘 파악하고 그것에 걸맞게 작품을 제작하여야 한다는 것이다. 이 연구에서 중점적으로 살펴본 것은 시공간 구성이 영상색채-그 중에서도 명암-에 미치는 영향이다. 만화의 경우는 색채가 흑백 두 가지로만 제작이 되기 때문에 흑색의 농도로 미장센을 구성하게 된다. 만화는 시간적 배경이 밤이라고 해서 장면마다 어두움이 존재하는 것은 아니다. 따라서 만화의 경우 시간의 구성에 있어서 낮과 밤의 비율은 중요하지 않다. 하지만 TV 드라마의 경우 시간적 배경이 밤이라면 영상색채는 지속적으로 어두운 장면을 연출할 수밖에 없다. 특히 〈탐나는도다〉처럼 제주도의 자연 풍광을 주요 무대로 할 경우 더욱 그럴 수밖에 없다. 그런데 TV 드라마 〈탐나는도다〉는 다른 만화 원작 드라마나 사극과 비교하여 볼 때 지나치게 반복적으로 밤 시간을 배경으로 하고 있어 전반적으로 영상색채가 어두운 편이다. 여기에다가 동굴, 도박장, 밀무역을 하는 포구, 은밀한 거래가 이루어지는 방, 작고 좁은 방 등 공간적 배경 또한 어둡고 음침한 경우가 많다. 이렇게 효과적으로 배치되지 못한 어두운 영상색채는 시청자에게 친근함 혹은 경쾌함보다는 불편함 흑은 답답함을 느끼게 할 수 있다. TV 드라마 〈탐나는도다〉는 참신한 소재, 배우들의 뛰어난 연기 등으로 마니아 시청자를 확보하였으나 시청률이 지나치게 낮아 조기종영이 되었다. 시청률에 영향을 미치는 요인은 여러 가지가 있을 터인데, 그 중에서 전반적으로 어둡고 답답한 영상도 일반 TV 시청자의 시선을 사로잡는 데에 효과적이지 못한 측면이 있다. 따라서 원작 만화를 TV 드라마로 제작하는 매체 전환의 과정에서 TV 영상에 걸맞은 시간과 공간의 배치에도 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다. It has become a common practice in the recent media environment to adopt novels or cartoons to reproduce films or TV dramas. The issue here is to define unique characteristics of each medium and apply appropriate measures to adopt it into a new medium, for the characteristics of each medium radically differ from one another. The main focus of this study was an influence of the time and spatial composition on the colors of pictures, especially color contrast. Cartoons are produced only with black and white colors so that mise-en-scene is established by the thickness of black color. Night scenes in cartoons are not exclusively expressed as darkness. Thus a ratio of the night and day is not important in a time composition in cartoons. On the other hand night scenes in TV drama should be constantly expressed by dark colors. Love the Island in particular is an exemplary case, for its major scenes take place against the natural landscape of Jeju Island. Here, night scenes of the TV drama Line the Island occur too often and repeatedly compared to other TV dramas adopted from cartoons or other period dramas, hence generating a general dark tone in pictures. Furthermore a spatial background is often dark and dim including cave, gambling venue, port for black market trading, room for secret handling, and small and narrow room. Such ineffective arrangements of dark colors in pictures could provide TV audience not with familiarity or vividness but discomfort or stifled feeling. TV drama Love the Island attracted devoted followings with its creative subject matter and excellent acting, however, it ended early due to the significantly low rating. Among many factors affecting the TV rating, overbearing dark colors of pictures in Love the Island served as one of the reasons for failing to attract larger audience.

1960년 전후 박경리의 글쓰기에 나타난 역사의식 -『내 마음은 호수』,『노을진 들녘』을 중심으로

조윤아 ( Yun A Cho ) 성신여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 人文科學硏究 Vol.29 No.-

This study set out to investigate Park Kyung-ni`s political senses and historical consciousness in her writings related to 4·19 Revolution, which is one of the historic events that happened since she started writing. The 4·19 Revolution took place when she published her novel titled My Mind Is a Lake serially in Chosun Ilbo. On the same page as her serial novel, she published a long writing to mourn the many deaths of young students and ask for no more victims after the event broke out. In April, 1962, she wrote a column that sharply criticized the "return of Syngman Lee," who fled to the United States, on the front page of Kyunghyang Sinmun where she published another novel titled The Field at Sunset serially. Those days she worked for Seoul Newspaper and Catholic Newspaper as a reporter. It was during the period that she included scenes of political abduction and torture, which were not found in her previous works, in My Mind Is a Lake and detailed descriptions of "demonstrations before Gyeongmudae" where the 4·19 Revolution broke out in The Field at Sunset. However, she was the widow of a man who died serving in prison for leftwing ideology. Experiencing the Korean War, she realized the nothingness of political ideas. Later she had to endure the hardship of prison life under political oppression. There is no denying that those experiences must have worked as a huge obstacle to her revealing her political consciousness in her novels.

박경리의 ‘소설가 주인공 소설’ 연구

조윤아(Cho Yun-A) 한국비평문학회 2008 批評文學 Vol.- No.29

The purpose of this study was to investigate Park Kyung-ni's literary and world views reflected in her novels whose protagonists were novelists, which include My Heart Is A Lake(〈내 마음은 호수〉), The Eternal Partner(〈영원한 반려〉), and Winter Rain(〈겨울비〉). Novels whose protagonists are novelists are called 'novelist-novels,' which term was derived from 'artist-novels.' Artist-novels deal with the protagonist artists' missions, creations and issued regarding their reality and society. In Korean literature, novelist-novels used to be categorized as autobiographical novels where the authors' personal experiences were presented first-hand after the early modern days. But the case of Park begs to differ from the tendency. It's true that her main characters are novelists, but she sets different environments and situations from hers to emphasize that they are, after all, fictional characters. But her novelist-novels are still enough to examine her own experiences and literary and world views. Among the three novels, Winter Rain turned out to be the closest to the definition of an 'artist-novel' with My Heart Is A Lake having the longest distance from it. In face, My Heart Is A Lake is closer to a romance novel. At the same time, Park depicted the character of an individual with political positions with emphasis as she went through the 4ㆍ19 Revolution while writing the novel. In the novels, she described novelists as artists that failed to adapt to the ordinary everyday life and the reality with self-interest instead of regarding them as 'literary men' who had social reputations to protect and responsibilities to take. The novels also reveal her highly critical views of those literary men who acted as if they were celebrities in the name of authors and the climate of the literary society that gossiped about female authors.

3D 애니메이션 제작 Process에서 기술적 표현방식 및 예술적 표현요소 분석에 관한 연구

조윤아(Yun-A Cho),박규원(kyu-Won Park) 한국정보과학회 2003 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2003 No.2