한국 현대소설의 서술 기법 및 전략 연구

조동길(Cho Dong-keel) 한국비평문학회 2008 批評文學 Vol.- No.29

In case that we discuss the notion and category of modern novels, we should think of its period, contents, writers' consciousness and narrative techniques all together. However generally until now we have attached importance on the preceding two factors. In the discussion of the novels modernity, the narrative techniques and strategies have not been is hardly created enough. In the discussion of our modern novels, Kim Dong-In is more important than anybody else for the following reason. To begin with, in the dawning of the modern literature he started literary activities as he put the modernity of literature in question. In the next place he studied literature in Japan that influenced on the formation of our modern literature. In succession few Koreans had a good knowledge of literature theories as he was at a literary history of ours. Up to now the study of Kim Dong-In have attached importance on the preceding two elements. And the study of his literature theories are not treated well. There are several points of Kim Dong-In's theories on novels that we should watch out for. They are consciousness of modern novel's genre, the theories on the novels' constituent factors and the theories on the novels' narrative techniques. That's what I want to say. In consciousness of genre and theories on the navel's constituent factors he can stand comparison with contemporary theories. Only it feels nor quite satisfied on the theories of the novels' narrative techniques. Because the studies of this field have been progressing steadily. Nevertheless, it is worth noticing that he divides it into observer[viewer] and narrator. Kim Dong-In had an important bearing on the formation and development of our modern novels through the creative writing novels. And he set up the framework of our modern novels through the theories on the novels. In conclusion, Kim Dong-In contributed to the completion of our modern novels because he took the issue with modern narrative techniques & strategies and practice it.

공주의 근대 문예지 『白熊』 연구

조동길(Cho, Dong-Keel) 한국언어문학회 2011 한국언어문학 Vol.77 No.-

The view that modern literature in Gongju starting after the liberation in 1945 has been the commonly accepted. There is a plenty of room for doubt that this accepted theory is available. However we couldn’t deny the theory because we had not discovered an supporting materials. We cannot accept these view from a common standpoint of view. This is inconsistent with the fact. Because a piece of evidence, that is, the fact that a monthly literary magazine called 『Baekwoong 』came out in 1928 in Gongju was recovered. The existence of this magazine became generally known long before. But recently we found the first issue of this magazine at the library of Yeonse University and ascertained the existence of it. As a result of investigation into the contents and values of the works which are included in this magazine with details of publication, 『Baekwoong』 has made a significant contribution to the history of Korean literature. It is as follows. First, It advanced the beginning of Gongju’s modern literature, and at the same time this magazine had a huge literary significance because Chungnam’s modern literature started with it. Second, this magazine had published with the active support of influential figures in Gongju. In this respect, 『Baekwoong』 is different in character from the other coterie literary magazines and literary magazines of that day. It is a unique product of Gongju’s cultural activities. Third, It has to be appraised highly because it has significance for modern literary history. First of all, 『Baekwoong』 shows as having a pretty even age and region distribution among its writing staff. And there has been a high level of literary value of this magazine’s works. 『Baekwoong』 can find its meaning in playing an important part on the literary history of Korea as a small town’s literary magazine. Because it was a general literary magazine which was issued once a month and it was a nationwide publication on a high level. This study hopes that Baekwoong receives universal recognition according to its significance and value in Korean literary world.

격동기 사회(1980년대)의 문학적 대응

조동길(Dong-Keel, Cho) 어문연구학회 2010 어문연구 Vol.64 No.-

1980s was a period that conflicts and strifes were integrated in the 20th century of Korean history. We can't clean up the vestiges of Japanese imperialism, our hard-won democracy was retreated, the government-led rapid industrialization efforts produced adverse effects, the government coerced people into submission, the private property system was deepened freakishly, an ideological debate and regional conflicts were been widespread, all school education had a strong sense of rivalry, and there was a flood of pleasure-seeking pop culture. In this way, there were a lot of social ills and contradictions in 1980s of Korea. What is worse, it was too many to enumerate. The privileged class who monopolize wealth and power abused their authorities to extend their own invalid vested rights. In a situation like this, indeed, what role and functions of the literature had to do? What kinds of contents must be written into a literary work? Also, how did the writers have to deliver messages? The answer to this question wasn't all that hard to the writers as the religious intellect. Their senior writers who spent a rough age already presented a exemplary solution through their lifes and works. The literature of a reign of peace and that of a rough age cannot be the same. However the works were much alike in content and form, the evaluation changed according to the producing times of those. And we know that it is wide differences of value. So it is reasonable that the literary works of 1980s were progressive and resistant. A true literature does not turn its back on a distortion of times, and has a conscientious courage. And then these things cause to lengthen literature's span of life. But, in any case, the degree of aesthetic completion is always a indispensable assignment in literature. The literary works of 1980s show strong faith toward social reform. On the other hand they have a weak point in aesthetics. If there is an unavoidable circumstance, we cannot justify this problem. Undoubtedly, we have a pressing question in actuality and need usefulness. However this explanation is not a constantly correct answer but a just partly valid answer. In the meantime, there were many experimental works in this times. And that works contribute to a qualitative improvement in our literary world. The denial and resistance to convention are intrinsic attributes of literature, and the literary experiments, that is, breaking the existing form and structure is a necessary process for the advance of literature.

김유정의 창작 동력에 관한 연구

조동길 ( Cho Dong-keel ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2014 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.65 No.-

이 논문은 김유정이 왜 소설을 쓰기 시작했으며 창작을 이어갈 수 있었던 힘의 원천은 무엇이었는가에 관한 의문에서 출발하였다. 김유정은 짧은 기간 동안 활동하다가 작고했고, 자신의 문학에 대한 견해를 밝힌 자료도 거의 없다. 따라서 그의 창작 동인이나 동력에 관한 연구는 추론에 그칠 수밖에 없는 사정이 있다. 이런 까닭에 필자는 먼저 작가들을 네 가지로 유형화하는 작업을 시도한 후, 김유정의 창작 동인과 동력에 관해 작가 자신의 견해, 전기적 사실, 작품을 통해 추론하는 방법을 선택하였다. 시론으로 분류해 본 작가의 유형은 생계형, 명예형, 지사형, 철인형의 넷이다. 실제 작가들은 이 네 유형을 넘나들며 창작하는 것이 보통이지만 그 주된 특성에 따라 이런 구분이 가능할 수 있다고 본다. 김유정의 창작 동인은, 작가 자신의 견해에 따를 때 염인증의 치유를 목적으로 시작되었으며, 전기 자료를 분석해 보았을 때는 절친한 친구인 안회남의 권유, 음성언어 결핍 충족을 위한 대체 수단, 그리고 성장과정에서 형성된 여성에 대한 양면적인 의식의 반영 등으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 작품을 통해서 그의 창작 동력을 추정해 보면, 고향과 그 사람들을 향한 애정 표현, 동시대 현실을 기록하고자 하는 의지, 그리고 인간성의 본질과 인간관계 탐구 등을 들 수 있다. 이는 근대소설이 지향하는 사명과 깊은 상관성이 있으며, 이로 보아 김유정은 사사로운 이유로 창작을 시작했지만 근대소설이 지향하는 바를 성공적으로 성취한 작가라고 할 수 있다. 이런 점을 종합해 볼 때 김유정은 일부 생계형 작가와 지사형 작가의 모습을 가지고 있는 것은 사실이나, 대략 명예형 작가에 속하는 작가로 규정할 수 있다고 본다. This study was taken up with the questions such as why Kim Yu-Jeong started writing novels and what the wellspring for him to create until the end of his life was. Kim Yu-Jeong died after a short duration of creation and there is few personal articles mentioning his literary points of view. Therefore, many studies concerning his motive or stimulus for creation were limited up to the level of hypothesis. To infer the creative motivation of Kim Yu-Jeong, the author categorized the writers to four groups and classified him to each of them with his opinions about novels, biographic facts, and his works. The four groups of the writers are as follows : for a living, an honour, a patriot, and a philosopher. The writers frequently cross the lines, but they were grouped based on the main characters. Kim Yu-Jeong started novels to treat misanthropy by his own opinions. In biographic facts, there was a suggestion of his friend An Hoenam. Kim Yu-Jeong considered the novels as a substitutions for a lack of spoken language. Besides an ambilaterality about women formed in the growing_up stage was also considered. The motives expressed in his works are an affection for his hometown and people, a will for recording the phases of the times, an exploration of humanity and human relations. These are related with the mission of the modern novels. So, Kim Yu-Jeong successfully achieved the goal of the modern novels although he started a creation for personal reasons. After all the analysis, Kim Yu-Jeong showed some aspects as a writer for a living or a patriot, but finally he was a writer for an honour.