Population Stereotypes as a Perceiver's Cognitive Structure on Manipulating Devices for Daily Use

정화식,강정일,정인주,신홍철,정동혁,정유진,Jung, Hwa-Shik,Kang, Jeong-Il,Jung, In-Ju,Shin, Hong-Cheul,Jeong, Dong-Hyuk,Jung, Yu-Jin The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2008 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Purpose: This study standardizes the position and direction of devices based on general user expectations and stereotypes. Population stereotypes are cognitive structures that contain the perceiver's knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about human groups. In this paper, the stereotypes that people typically expect when manipulating 'cylindrical key-in-knob locks' and 'lever-type water faucet handles' were investigated and data regarding their expectations were collected. Methods: Two sets of 600 participants, between 13 and over 60 years old, were recruited for the experiment. Each group was evenly subdivided into six age groups. Each participant was presented with cylindrical door locks mounted on a miniature door and actual lever-type water faucet handles mounted on a mockup sink. Results: If the cylindrical lock was positioned 'vertically,' 59.2% of the participants expected the device to be locked, and if the lever type faucet handle was positioned 'up,' 63.0% of the participants expected the device to be turned on. Thus, daily-use devices should be designed consistent with user expectations of operation. There was a significant difference between genders for manipulating the faucet handle between up and down. Conclusion: A more general stereotype may be defined by repetitive measurements under the same test conditions with fixed time intervals, as well as accounting for people with cognitive problems.

주손(Hand Dominance)에 관한 조사 및 인간공학적 분석

정화식(Hwa S. Jung),정형식(Hyung-shik Jung) 대한산업공학회 2004 대한산업공학회지 Vol.30 No.2

근골격계부담작업 유해요인조사 이행 실태 파악을 위한 심층 면담 조사

정화식(Hwa Shik Jung),기도형(Dohyung Kee),이인석(Inseok Lee),박재희(Jae Hee Park) 대한인간공학회 2011 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance status of the ligal examination of risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs). The study was based on in-depth interviews with the persons in charge of the examination in 63 sampled companies, which are various in location, type of industry and size. The interviews were carried out based on detail questions as well as a predefined checklist. The main findings are as follows: 1) More than half of the companies did not properly comply with the laws in performing the examination of MSDs risk factors; 2) In about 60% of the companies, the examination has been carried out by their own persons; 3) 38% of the companies conducting the survey of musculoskeletal symptoms did not diagnosed musculoskeletal symptoms based on the survey; 4) Most companies performed the prevention activities for MSDs such as education/training, stretching, etc.; 5) It was revealed that the 11 high-risk tasks were not considered to be properly defined by the people in the industries, which results in some difficulties such as ambiguity in defining the 11 tasks and unit tasks; 6) The period of the examination of risk factors, classification of periodic and occupational examinations and legalization of employers' obligation for preventing MSDs are considered to be acceptable or desirable, while it was pointed out that regulations for the method of the risk assessment and the person who in charge of the examination need to be modified.

문 잠금 조정장치에 관한 사용자 기대 및 선호도

정화식(Hwa S. Jung),정형식(Hyung-shik Jung) 대한산업공학회 2003 대한산업공학회지 Vol.29 No.4

작업치료 중재와 환경에서 인간공학의 적용

황정보(Jung Bo Hwang),한기찬(Ki Chan Han),윤진(Jin Yun),정화식(Hwa Shik Jung) 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

인간 공학은 인간을 위해서 사용되는 물체, 시스템, 환경의 디자인을 위해서 인간을 고려하여 과학적으로 연구하여 만드는 응용학문이다. 인간공학은 인간행동연구, 인간과 컴퓨터 상호작용, 산업디자인 등의 분야에 연관이 깊으며 인간공학적으로 적절하게 만들어진 디자인은 단순히 효율이 높거나 편리하거나 편한 사용성의 문제뿐 아니라 반복된 긴장으로 인한 상해나 오랜 기간 동안 사용함으로써 얻을 수 있는 장애 또한 고려해야 한다. 본 연구는 인간공학에 대한 소개와 치료사들이 알아야 할 인간공학적 접근법에 대해 기술하며 치료행위 자체에만 집중해 왔던 치료사들에게 인간공학적인 치료실 환경의 설계와 가정과 일터에서의 중재에 대한 인간공학적 작업관련 질환의 예방과 치료를 위한 새로운 시각과 접근법으로 치료 효과를 극대화 할 수 있는 방안에 대해 알아본다. 현재까지 작업치료와 인간공학의 접목을 시도한 연구는 찾아보기 어려운 실정이므로 본 연구는 작업치료학을 전공하는 학생, 임상에서 활동하는 작업치료사, 작업치료학을 가르치는 교육자들에게 새로운 사고와 문제해결 능력을 배양하는데 도움이 되고자 한다.

The Effect of Task Difficulties on the Speed and Accuracy of Work Performance in Students with Intellectual Disabilities

황정보(Jung Bo Hwang),한기찬(Ki Chan Han),윤진(Jin Yun),정화식(Hwa Shik Jung) 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

The purpose of this study is to verify which influence there is upon the work performance speed and accuracy depending on high and low task difficulty. Totally 78 people participated in a research with 26 people for the group with intellectual disabilities, 26 people for the group with MA coping, and 26 people for the group with CA coping. It formed experimental method, number of parts, and research subjects, thereby having analyzed the influence upon work performance speed and accuracy. First, the easier and the simpler in task difficulty led to the quicker in work performance speed. However, the group with intellectual disabilities was slower in work performance speed compared to the group with MA coping and the group with CA coping. Second, the easier and the simpler in task difficulty led to the less number of errors in work performance. However, the group with intellectual disabilities had the larger number in errors of work performance compared to the group with MA coping and the group with CA coping. Third, correlation coefficient between work performance speed and accuracy showed positive moderate correlation with .46. There was the speed-accuracy trade off depending on experimental method, number of parts, and research subject in each. Based on these results, this study is suggesting the condition of presenting task for maximizing speed and accuracy through comparing the group with intellectual disabilities and the group without intellectual disability.

대칭화 기억전략이 지적장애아의 재생에 미치는 영향

황정보 ( Hwang Jung Bo ),정화식 ( Jung Hwa Shik ) 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2014 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.53 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 대칭화 과제의 반복시연 훈련에 따른 기억의 재생에 미치는 영향을 밝히는데 있다. 연구 참여자는 특수학급에 재학 중인 초등학교(4∼6학년) 지적장애아로 무작위 과제에 할당된 36명과 대칭화 과제에 할당된 31명으로 총 67명이었다. 이들을 대상으로 기호쓰기 검사를 개별적으로 실시하였으며, 산출된 검사 점수를 이용하여 과제 유형에 따른 기억의 재생 능력에 차이가 있는지를 비교하였다. 첫째, 지적장애아의 반복시연 훈련이 기호쓰기 능력에 미치는 영향을 분석했을 때, “무작위 과제”와 “대칭화 과제” 모두에서 기호쓰기 능력은 향상을 보였으나 두 과제유형 간에는 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, “대칭화 과제”의 투입정보의 조직화에 따른 기억의 재생은 “무작위 과제”보다 기호의 개수와시간에서 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 “무작위 과제”의 시연은 초두 부분의 수행을 촉진하였지만, “대칭화 과제”의 시연은 이러한 계열위치의 전체적인 수행을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이 “대칭화 과제”의 반복시연 훈련이 수평대칭과 수직대칭에 유의미한 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 결과적으로, 대칭화는 학습과 기억의 재생을 촉진하는 투입정보의 조직화 방법으로 지적장애아의 학습능력을 효과적으로 개선할 수 있는 학습전략으로 시사성이 높다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive performance training of symmetry tasks on memory retrieval. Sixty seven elementary school students(fourth, fifth, and sixth grades) with intellectual disabilities in special classes were participated as subjects consisting 36 assigned to random tasks and 31 assigned to symmetry tasks. Each of subjects took a symbol writing test, and their test scores were used to compare differences in memory retrieval abilities according to the type of tasks. This study analyzed the effects of repetitive performance training on the symbol writing abilities of children with intellectual disabilities and found that they made an improvement in the abilities both in "random tasks" and "symmetry tasks" with significant differences between these two types. The memory retrieval according to the systematization of input information in "symmetry tasks" had more significant impacts on the number and time of symbols than "random tasks." Moreover, the performance of "random tasks" facilitated the execution of primacy part, while that of "symmetry tasks" did the execution of entire serial positions. The repetitive performance training of "symmetry tasks" did not show significant influences on horizontal and vertical symmetries. In summary, a symmetry has considerable implications as a method to systemize input information facilitating learning and memory retrieval and also as a learning strategy to improve the learning abilities of children with intellectual disabilities effectively.

과제 지향적 상상훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능과 일상생활활동에 대한 다중회귀분석

손영효(Young-Hyo Son),김승일(Seung-Il Kim),정화식(Hwa-Shik Jung),박수희(Soo-Hee Park),정현애(Hyun-Ae Chung) 한국전자통신학회 2015 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.10 No.10

This study is aimed at identifying the effect the task‐oriented imagination training of chronic stroke patients have on the function of upper limb and their daily activities(: ADL). The research subjects were composed of 30 chronic stroke patients with over three months of ailment history, with each group composed of 15 patients assigned to the experiment group and the control group, respectively. The experiment group was subjected to the task ‐oriented training and the imagination training at the same time, while the control group was subjected to the task‐oriented training only. All Interventions were performed for 5 times per week over the period of 8 weeks and 30 minutes per session. In order to monitor the changes as a result of the Intervention program, the MFT and OPTIMAL were employed for the upper limb function while the MBI was employed for the ADL to measure the values before and after the Intervention, respectively, with the results shown below. As a result, MFT, OPTIMAL and MBI showed significant difference between before and after in group. And Mental practice group showed more improvement. 본 연구는 과제 지향적 상상훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능과 일상생활활동에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상은 3개월 이상 경과된 만성 뇌졸중환자 30명으로 실험군과 대조군에 각각 15명씩 분배하였다. 실험군은 과제 지향적 훈련과 상상훈련을 병행하여 실시하였으며, 대조군은 과제 지향적 훈련만을 실시하였고, 모든 중재는 8주간 주5회 회30분씩 시행되었다. 중재에 따른 변화를 알아보기 위해 상지 기능은 MFT, OPTIMAL을, 일상생활활동은 MBI를 사용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 실험군과 대조군 모두 상지 기능과 일상생활활동의 향상을 보였으며(p<.001), 실험군이 더 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

근골격계부담작업 유해요인조사 이행 실태 조사

박재희 ( Jae Hee Park ),기도형 ( Do Hyung Kee ),정화식 ( Hwa Shik Jung ),박정근 ( Jung Keun Park ),이인석 ( In Seok Lee ) 한국안전학회(구-한국산업안전학회) 2011 한국안전학회지 Vol.26 No.1

A questionnaire study was carried out to understand the status of performing the risk assessment of work- related musculoskeletal disorders(WMDSs), which is the employers` legal responsibility when the employees are involved in doing tasks with risk factors. Employers or managers from 340 companies and the representative employees from 250 companies participated in the survey. According to the participated employers and employees, 35.0~46.2% of companies had performed the first risk assessment before the end of 2005. However, it is presumed that the real condition might not be as much as the result, because most companies were very reluctant to took part in the survey. It was found that the type of business and size of the company are the main factors affecting the performance of the risk assessment in terms of the performing ratio, method, and so on. The participants were positive in the thought that the assessment would be helpful in preventing msuculoskeletal disorders, while there was a little difference between the employers and employees in the thought that the assessment would be helpful in finding the injuries in the early stage. It was found that it is necessary to modify and improve the definition and criteria of the tasks to be examined in the assessment

순서화 기억전략이 지적장애아의 기억 재생에 미치는 영향

정화식,황정보 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2015 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.54 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 순서화 기억전략을 사용하여 지적장애아의 재생 능력을 밝히고 이러한 기억전략을 학습과정에 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 모색하는 데 있다. 연구 참여자는 특수학급에 재학 중인 초등학교 (4~6학년) 지적장애아로 무작위 과제에 할당된 33명과 순서화 과제에 할당된 33명으로 총 66명이었다. 이들을 대상으로 기호쓰기 검사를 개별적으로 실시 하였으며,산출된 검사 점수를 이용하여 과제 유행에 따른 기억의 재생 능력에 차이가 있는지를 비교하였다. 첫째,지적장애아의 반복시연 훈련이 기호쓰기 능력에 미치는 영향을 분석 했을 때,“무작위 과제”와 “순서화 과제” 모두에서 기호쓰기 능력은 향상을 보였으나 두 과제 유형 간에는 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째,투입정보의 조직화에 따른 두 과제 유형에 대한 기억의 재생개수와 시간에는 유의마한 차이가 없었다. 또한 두 과제유형의 시연은 초두부분의 수행을 촉진하였으며,순서화 과제의 전제시 위치에 초두효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히,지능이 높을수록 초두부분과 신근부분의 재생에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive performance training strategy on the memory retrieval of children with intellectual disabilities and to find the possibility of its usefulness during the learning process. Sixty six elementary school students (fourth, fifth and sixth grades) with intellectual disabilities in special classes were participated as subjects consisting 33 assigned to random tasks and 33 assigned to serial order tasks. Each of subjects took a symbol writing test, and their test scores were used to compare differences in memory retrieval abilities according to the type of tasks. Firstly, this study analyzed the effects of repetitive performance training on the symbol writing abilities of children with intellectual disabilities and found that they made an improvement on the abilities both “random tasks" and “ordering tasks" with significant differences between these two types. Secondly, the memory retrieval according to the systematization of input information in “ordering tasks" had more significant impacts on the number and time of symbols than “random tasks.’ Moreover, the performance of “random tasks" and “ordering tasks" facilitated the execution of primacy part and the position showed primacy effect when presenting the “ordering tasks." In particular, the higher intelligence showed a significant effect on the retrieval of the primacy position and the recency position.