춘천 지역에서 채취한 대기 중 PM2.5와 그 구성성분의 분포특성에 관한 연구

鄭珍姬 강원대학교 2009 국내석사

약 2년 8개월의 기간동안 채취된 222개의 PM_(2.5) 시료의 평균 농도는 36.5 ㎍/㎥로 측정되었다. 계절별 평균 농도는 여름철 및 가을철에 비하여 봄철과 겨울철이 높았다. 또한 국내 및 국외의 다른 지역과 비교한 결과, 서울지역(43 ㎍/㎥)과 비슷한 수준을 보이고 있었다. 환경부 자동측정망 자료인 춘천시 중앙로의 PM10과 강원대학교 옥상의 PM_(2.5)의 일 변화는 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 각 계절별로 이온들의 PM_(2.5)에 대한 기여율은 여름철이 제일 높았으며, 봄, 가을, 겨울은 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 수용성 이온 성불들 중 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있는 SO₄^(2-)는 2007년 여름철이 제일 높은 농도를 보였으며, 춘천지역 NO₃^(-)는 SO₄^(2-)와는 반대로 여름철에 낮은 농도를 그리고 겨울철에 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 여름철에는 광화학반응으로 인해 2차 SO₄^(2-)의 생성이 활발하나, 2차 NO₃^(-)의 경우 온도 의존성으로 인해 여름에는 다량이 가스상(HNO₃과 NH₃)으로 전환되기 때문이다. 또한 춘천의 외곽은 농, 축산업으로 자연적 배출원에 의해 배출된 상대적으로 높은 NH₃ 농도로 인해, PM_(2.5) 내 존재하는 NO₃^(-)와 SO₄^(2-)의 주요 형태는 NH₄NO₃와 (NH₄)₂SO₄로 파악된다. 탄소 성분의 구성형태는 계절별로 OC, EC와 SOC의 경우 공통적으로 겨울철이 높은 농도를 보였으나, PM_(2.5)에 대한 평균 기여율은 OC, EC와 SOC의 성분 모두 여름철이 높게 나타났다. 특이한 양상으로 2005~2006년 겨울철동안 SOC는 가장 높은 기여율을 나타내었고, 산정된 J 값으로 인해 에어로졸이 산성상태로 존재한다는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 2005~2006년 겨울철에 존재하는 산성입자가 SOC의 불균질 생성반응을 크게 촉진시켜 SOC의 기여율이 높아졌다고 추측된다. 춘천시의 PM_(2.5) 농도는 기상요인에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 춘천시의 대표적인 기상 특성인 안개는 2차 에어로졸의 생성반응을 증가시키는 한편, 기존에 생성된 2차 에어로졸이 용액 상태가 되면서 크게 미세입자의 농도를 증가시키는 것으로 추측된다. 또한 안개는 탄소 성분의 증가에도 영향을 끼쳤다. 안개뿐만 아니라 춘천시의 PM_(2.5) 농도는 뚜렷하게 중국으로부터의 장거리 이동 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 혼합고도가 낮아 일반적으로 농도가 높게 나타나는 겨울철의 경우에도, 중국으로부터의 편서풍이 존재하지 않을 때에는 상당히 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 춘천시 내에 중-대규모 대기오염 배출시설이 존재하지 않음에도 불구하고 서울 및 수도권 지역과 유사한 PM_(2.5) 농도를 보이는 이유는 장거리 이동을 통한 외부로부터의 유입(특히 중국)과 춘천 특유의 빈번한 안개의 발생 때문으로 보인다. 따라서 춘천시 PM_(2.5) 농도를 감소시키기 위해서는 수도권 지자체의 협력을 통해 국가 배출량 인벤토리의 개선뿐만 아니라 동북아시아 내 장거리 이동에 대한 국가 간 협력이 절실하다고 판단된다. Fine particles (PM_(2.5)) were collected and analyzed from November 2005 through August 2008 in Chuncheon, Korea to investigate the characteristics of PM_(2.5) and its ionic constituents. The average PM_(2.5) concentration during the study period was 36.5 ㎍/㎥, which is almost two times higher than the annual US NAAQS PM_(2.5) standard of 15 ㎍/㎥. PM_(2.5) concentrations were higher in spring and winter than in summer and fall. This higher concentration in winter was most likely due to the combination of increased emissions from combustion sources for heating and the lower mixing heights, while lower PM_(2.5) in summer was possibly related to the large amounts of wet deposition. During spring, Asian Dust events dramatically enhanced PM_(2.5) concentrations, and long-range transport of PM_(2.5) emitted in industrial area of China often occurred during winter based on trajectory analysis. Contribution of PM_(2.5) to PM10 concentrations ranged from 71.9 ㎍/㎥ during Asian Dust events to 457.2 ㎍/㎥, indicating that a large portion of PM_(2.5-10) was transported from China during Asian Dust events. Among the major ionic constituents SO₄^(2-) showed the highest concentration, followed by NH₄^(+), NO₃^(-) and NO₂^(-). Chuncheon appeared to be NH₄^(+) rich environment, indicating that (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃ were the predominant forms of NO₃^(-) and SO₄² in PM_(2.5). Carbonaceous compounds in PM_(2.5) including OC and EC were also analyzed. The mean concentration of OC tended to be higher during the winter than the one during the summer, however EC had the lowest concentration in winter. Fraction of secondary organic carbon to total OC was higher in winter as the ammonium availability index, J had the same seasonal variation. This result indicates the possibility that acidic particles in winter might enhance the heterogeneous production of SOC. Fog has frequently occurred in Chuncheon since So-Yang dam was constructed in 1973. Fog events were observed on 48 days during sampling period, and the average PM_(2.5) concentration was approximately 1.3 times higher during fog events than during non-fog events. This result suggests that fog enhances the secondary aerosol formation because the aerosol spontaneously absorbs water to form a saturated salt solution, deriving a significant increase in the mass of the particle.

한국 도깨비 동화의 형성과 변형 양상 연구

정진희 한양대학교 대학원 2009 국내박사

The purpose of this study was to examine the adaptation of Doggaebi tales into fairy tales in an attempt to grasp the development process of Korean fairy tales and determine the identity of fairy tales as a genre. In the history of Korean fairy tales, only beautiful and fantastic stories were typically viewed as good fairy tales on the ground that children were innocent angels(Dongsimjui:童心主義). That resulted in narrowing the sphere of fairy tales by deterring different sorts of fairy tales from being regarded as fairy tales, and nursery tales were eventually considered less valuable, being looked upon as merely stereotyped and uninteresting. In modern times, however, some argued that the identity of fairy tales be rooted in narratives, and there are new movements to study narratives to compose fairy tales. Their efforts have produced a series of good results, and a lot of works that are diverse in content and form have been created. Now it's time to evaluate those fairy tales in terms of the history of literature. So it's meant in this study to describe the adaptation process of tales into fairy tales in a bid to find out a change of child view in different ages and differences in literary visualization, to raise awareness of the narrow perspective of existing literature, and finally to determine the characteristics of fairy tales and their identity as one of genres. There were initial statements about Doggaebi in and after the era of the Three Kingdoms. In that age, Doggaebi was viewed as the object of faith, and that was recognized as the spirit of nature in the 15th and 16th centuries. In and after the 17th century, that was regarded as what was semi-god, lustful and stupid and as what was similar to man. The new perception of Doggaebi was combined with the existing ways of looking at it, and its nature cannot simply be explained since it was considered to have the complex attributes of god, ghost and even man. And then a variety of stories have been created in conjunction with Doggaebi. Out of different stories created during Japanese occupation, just two stories were widely known, which were respectively titled 'A Doggaebi Stick' and 'An Elderly Man with a Wen.' Doggaebi stories, especially the latter, were similar in large part to ancient Japanese tales, and the fact lent credibility to Naeseonilcheron argued by Japan. That was why this story was included three times in readers of the Joseon language published in that period. In that period, Doggaebi tales were adapted into didactic fairy tales. In the Collection of Joseon Fairy Tales, 'An Elderly Man with a Wen' was also adapted into a morality fairy tale, which classified the characters into 'good people' and 'bad people' and described the fact that the good would be rewarded and the evil would be punished. The reason was that the authors of the Collection of Joseon Fairy Tales viewed fairy tales as didactic stories. 'An Elderly Man with a Wen' was adapted once again in the reader of the Joseon language revised in 1993. This story was modified into a story of a good man by omitting the latter part about the addition of another wen and by portraying the good character as one who got rid of the wen and gathered wealth. Contemporary fairy tales collected and adapted by Korean writers were still under the influence of Japan. A fairy tale titled 'A Hok Dden Story' and included in the Collection of Traditional Korean Fairy Tales published by Park Young-man in 1940 was identical to the same-titled story included in the revised 1933 textbook, and that was exactly the same as the adapted story included in the reader of the Joseon Language, because the story depicted only the character who got rid of his wen without mentioning the latter part about the addiction of another wen. There were another Doggaebi story in the textbook, which was titled 'A Gold Stick and a Silver Stick.' Those stories were gathered and adapted by Korean writers, but the stories changed a lot instead of being restored to the original state, due to the impact of Japan. And the story titled 'An Elderly Man with a Wen' have just been regarded as a didactic traditional fairy tale. Since the liberation of the nation, it was not until the 1970s when the contemporary government tried to advocate tradition to protect its power that full-scale Doggaebi stories appeared. In the sector of children's literature, traditional subject matters were selected in composing fairy tales in line with the national movement for the advocacy of tradition, and Doggaebi drew attention as one of traditional subject matters. So a lot of fairy tales adopted Doggaebi as the main character. Doggaebi- related fairy tales had a tendency to stir up nostalgia for old things, to criticize against Western civilization, science and technology, and to point out problems with the development of rural communities. Those kinds of works were created in reaction against the new Western civilization introduced since the Korean War, and they lagged behind in terms of reality because of their ill-grounded defiance against new things. In the 1970s, new authors including Lee Oh-deok argued that the concept of 'ordinariness' should be introduced in oral literature, and that inheritance of tales be required to build the identity of fairy tales. Ordinariness referred to all the shades of emotion that had been represented by Korean literature, and traditionality was defined as a manifestation of all the past and present ordinariness. The authors insisted that the ordinary sentiment, humor, criticism and satire of oral literature be evolved into new things in consideration of modern people's ideas and ethics. Ordinary people referred here to those who labored, and the ordinariness of children's literature denoted a visualization of stories about working children through literature. In the past, children had been regarded as innocent angels, and fantastic fairy tales had been created as a consequence. But the new writers looked at children as they were, and they turned stories about poor and working children into literary works. The emphasis of 'ordinariness' served to change the concept of 'children,' and fairy tales got to describe children's lives from various angles. Kweon Jeong-sang's works created in the 1970s were typical works that represented ordinariness. His works portrayed the lives of poor children in a plain and candid manner, and the superb reality of the works contributed to elevating the worth of creative fairy tales. In the 1980s, ordinariness was replaced with another term 'popularity' due to the influence of labor movement. Seo Jeong-oh argued that popularity should be guaranteed in the course of adapting narratives. He looked at popularity from five different perspectives: advocating the disadvantaged, casting away the bondage of convention and morality, shedding light on and overturning reality, satire on power and authority, and unrestricted humor. His argument was embodied in his collection of traditional fairy tales titled 'Miraculous Doggaebi.' He enlarged the sphere of didactic Doggaebi fairy tales by reflecting the diverse looks of life and including lots of instructive stories, and he thereby was successful in extending the realm of traditional fairy tales. Thus, the movement to pass narratives onto the next generations was marked by the inheritance of popularity, which was one of the primary features of narratives. The fact that the characteristics of narratives were handed down to fairy tales meant that all the content and nature of narratives were inherited. And it denoted that even stories that were ruled out as adult stories could be adopted as subject matters of fairy tales. In the past, children had to look at and listen to what's good only on the ground that they were innocent, but now the various aspects of life, such as the lives of the poor and laborers to which they couldn't be exposed before, might be selected as subject matters of fairy tales, and the sphere of fairy tales was eventually enlarged. This study made it clear that fairy tales established their identity as a genre to depict the looks of diverse lives to explore the authenticity of life. 이 연구는 설화의 동화화 과정을 기술하여 시대의 변화에 따른 아동관의 변화와 그에 따른 문학적 형상화의 차이를 드러내어 기존 문학사의 편협성을 일깨우며 동화의 특성을 드러내어 동화의 장르적 정체성을 규명하려는 목적으로 작성되었다. 이 연구에서는 설화의 변천과정, 그 중에서도 ‘도깨비 이야기’의 변천과정을 그 대상으로 하였다. 도깨비는 우리 전통의 요괴(妖怪)로, 전통적인 이야기 계승을 논할 때마다 그것에 적합한 대표적인 캐릭터로 주목받아왔다. 도깨비에 대한 인식은 삼국시대부터 드러나는데, 삼국시대에는 ‘신앙의 대상’으로, 15세기 이후 자연의 정령으로, 17세기 이후에는 부신적 속성, 아둔한 속성을 띠는 인간과 유사한 존재로 인식된다. 시대가 지나면서 기존의 인식 위에 새로운 인식이 부가되므로, 도깨비는 신(神)적 속성과 요괴(妖怪)적 속성, 인간적인 면모까지 가미된 다양한 인식소로 구성되어 그 실체를 단순하게 설명할 수 없는 존재로 형성된다. 일제 강점기에는 도깨비 이야기가 전래동화로 개작되면서 권선징악(勸善懲惡)적 형태로 나타나는 특징을 지닌다. 이것은 당시 유행하던 ‘동심주의’ 아동관과 일제의 통치 정책인 ‘일제의 통치에 순응하는 식민지 국민을 양성하는 근대적 국민국가의 국민 양성’ 기획이 접합되어 형성된 것이다. 이 시기 교과서에는 ｢혹부리 영감님｣이야기가 세 번이나 수록된다. 특히 1933년 개정판 교과서에는 ｢혹부리 영감님｣이야기를 개작하여 ‘착한 사람의 이야기’로만 나타나는데, ‘거짓말을 하지 않는 정직하고 착한 사람’의 모습을 구현하는 ｢혹부리 영감님｣이야기는 그들이 주장하는 ‘착한 조선인’상(像)인 정직하고 순종적인 국민의 모습에 부합하는 것이 된다. 일제 통치 정책의 영향은 조선인이 저술한 전래동화집인 박영반의 󰡔조선전래동화집󰡕에서도 찾을 수 있는데, 이 책에는 1933년 교과서의 ｢혹뗀 이야기｣에 나타나는 개작된 이야기의 형태가 그대로 수록된다. 이러한 양상은 해방 이후에도 개선되지 않아 개작된 상태로 이야기가 널리 알려지게 되어 ｢혹부리 영감님｣이야기가 본래 권선징악(勸善懲惡)적 전래동화인 것으로 인식하게 된다. 도깨비 이야기는 해방 이후 1970년대에 이르러 ‘전통 계승’을 강조하는 사회적 분위기와 함께 다시 주목받기 시작한다. 이 시기에는 도깨비를 주인공으로 내세워 도깨비와 인간간의 관계에 주목하여 작품 전반적으로 애상적인 정서를 드러내는 작품들이 많이 창작된다. 또한 도깨비가 지닌 폭력적, 요괴적 속성을 변형시켜 도깨비의 모습을 순진하고 신비하게 묘사하는 작품들이 나타나 다양한 양상의 전통적인 도깨비의 모습을 획일적으로 변형시키며, 도깨비 이야기 역시 획일적인 양상으로 나타난다. 이러한 양상들은 모두 동심주의 아동관의 영향을 받은 작품들로, 어린이에게 아름다운 것만을 보게 해야 한다는 의도가 오히려 이야기의 전통성을 훼손하여 이야기의 미적 가치를 떨어뜨리게 한다. 설화의 민중성을 계승하자는 움직임은 이러한 양상에 대한 비판을 통하여 형성된다. 이들은 기존의 동화가 아름답고 몽환적이며 획일적인 형태로만 나타나는 이유로 동화가 가난한 어린이의 삶을 외면했다는 점을 지적한다. 이들은 어린이의 현실적, 사실적인 모습을 직시해야 하며 그들의 삶을 문학으로 다뤄야 함을 주장한다. 또한 그들은 설화에서 찾을 수 있는 서민적 정한, 해학, 고발, 풍자 등을 ‘민중성’, ‘서민성’이라 일컬으며 이것들을 계승해야 한다고 주장한다. 1970년대에 발표된 권정생의 창작동화와 1990년대에 발표된 서정오의 전래동화는 모두 이러한 문학관의 영향을 받은 작품들이다. 특히 서정오는 전래동화 재화를 전문적으로 하며 설화를 재화할 때 반드시 계승해야 할 것을 ‘민중성’이라 언급한다. 그의 도깨비 전래동화에서 찾을 수 있는 특성으로 ‘도덕적인 부의 창출과 인간의 지혜’, ‘다양화된 권선징악적 전래동화’, ‘요괴적 속성의 약화와 신적 속성의 강화’를 들 수 있다. 이와 같은 양상으로 설화를 계승하는 전래동화들이 다양한 삶의 모습을 드러내며 동심주의에 의해 한정되었던 이야기의 소재가 확장되었음을 볼 수 있다. 또한 설화와 다르게 인간의 노력, 인간의 변화 의지와 희망을 제시하는데, 이런 점들이 곧 동화의 특성이 된다. 그리하여 ‘당연하고 획일적인 지루한 이야기’라는 인식을 주는 동화가 다양한 인간의 삶을 보여주며 전망을 제시하는 문학으로 거듭나 동화의 문학적 가치가 높아졌음이 이 연구를 통하여 규명되었다.

영상매체를 통한 소설 교육 방안 연구 : 조세희의 '난장이가 쏘아올린 작은 공'을 바탕으로

정진희 한양대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

This study aims to investigate the way in which visual media is applied to the teaching of novel in literature class on the assumption that visual media constitute an effective tool in literature education. In this study, visual media take a subsidiary role that supports the interpretation of novel text by providing visual dramatization of a given part of the text. Viewing the visual material, students are allowed to discuss how they interpret the original text in comparison to its visual counterpart; in so doing, the students are able to develop critical thinking by trying to articulate what they see in the literary and visual texts. Moreover, the students may see in the visual what they were not able to grasp in the literary text, and understand what they couldn't identify while reading the novel. Thus, visual media used in the education of novel could make a ripple effect to open spontaneous discussions in the class. This study focuses on the changes in plot from the original novel to its visual adaptation, rather than the changes in style or other formal elements. It also examines the discussion exercised by students regarding the plot changes. Cho Sae-Hee's short novel A Small Ball Shot by a Dwarf an installment of Cho's serial novel under the same title and the novel's cinematic adaptation are to be discussed. The points of comparison are the changes in narrative structure, characterization, and socio-historical setting. In the class discussion, students are instructed to examine the reasons and effects of visual adaptations applied to some parts of the original novel. The class discussion is intended to cultivate the students' accurate understanding of the original and visual texts and develop their critical thinking. 본고의 연구 목적은 소설 교육의 효과적인 방법을 논함에 있어 영상매체가 효율적이라는 가설 하에 이를 이용한 소설교육의 방법을 연구하고자 하는 것이다. 이런 면에 초점을 맞춰서 영상매체가 소설을 뒷받침하는 부수적인 존재임에 의미를 두고 소설을 해석함에 있어서 필요한 부분에 영상매체를 인용하고자 한다. 학습자는 배워야 할 소설의 내용을 담고 있는 영화를 통해 또래들과 직접 토론을 하면서 자신이 이해한 부분이 맞는 것인지 확인할 수 있고, 자신의 생각을 남들에게 말하는 재인출의 과정을 거치면서 작품에 대해 다시 한 번 비판하는 능력을 기룰 수도 있다. 또한 작품에서 잡아내지 못했던 부분들도 영상을 통해 이해할 수 있고, 상상만으로는 공감하기 힘들었던 사회적인 배경도 영상을 통해 이해할 수 있다. 영상 매체에 대한 파급 효과는 단순히 보는 것에서 그치는 것이 아니라 같은 작품을 관람한 학생들을 자연스럽게 토론의 장까지 연결 시켜 줄 것이다. 본 연구에서는 기법이라든지 외부적인 변화에 초점을 맞추는 것이 아니라 기본 서사를 바탕으로 소설이 영상화 되면서 달라진 부분들을 확인해 보았다. 그리고 나아가 이를 토의 학습으로 이끌어 보고자 하였다. 본고에서는 조세희의 연작 소설집 『난장이가 쏘아올린 작은 공』안에 수록되어 있는 단편 소설 「난장이가 쏘아올린 작은 공」을 인용하였고 서사구조, 인물, 배경을 중심으로 알아보았다. 교수-학습 방안에서는 소설을 바탕으로 하여 영화와 드라마를 비교하며 달라진 이유와 그 효과를 파악하게 하였다. 이를 통해 학습자에게 작품에 대한 정확한 이해와 비판 능력가질 수 있게 하였다.

緊急 後進時 船舶 프로펠러軸의 過度 擧動 特性에 관한 硏究

정진희 한국해양대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

Most modern ships have adopted high-power main engines for low-speed operation that is advantageous from the viewpoint of propulsion efficiency. To transfer torque of this kind of engines, a large diameter shafting is required and the shafting system is hard to flexibly respond to structural deformation, while the hull has become thinner for design optimization and easier to deform. Consequently, the stability of the propulsion shafting system has been affected. Futhermore, ultra long stroke and low speed main engines are being used to improve the propulsion efficiency and they have required the large size of propeller. And the large propellers have increased the risk of damage to the after stern tube bearing. Until recently, oil film retention of the stern tube bearings and the influence induced by hull deformation has been mainly focused on for the optimal alignment of shafting, in quasistatic status. However, it has been continuously proved that fluctuations in propeller eccentric thrust in dynamic transient conditions are able to cause damage to stern tube bearings. But the current quasistatic calculation method is not sufficient to cover these problems. Since ship design nowadays has unfavorable characteristics for the propulsion shaft alignment, the shaft alignment calculation should be carried out more carefully, and considering dynamic conditions can make it more reliable. In this study, the effect of crash astern, which is one of transient operation mode, on propeller shaft behavior were studied using strain gage and displacement sensor for 50,000 ton medium range oil/chemical tanker. Additionally the draft conditions were divided into fully laden condition and normal ballast condition and they were compared with each other. As the result, it was figured out that crash astern directly affects the behavior of the propeller shaft, and especially significant changes were in the vertical direction right after crash astern. This study is expected to help advance the theory and technology of optimal alignment of propulsion shafting system considering dynamic transient conditions in the future. 현대 대부분의 선박은 추진효율 관점에서 유리한 저속운전을 위해 고출력의 주기관을 채택하고 있다. 이에 따라 축계는 전달 토크가 커져 직경이 증가되고 더 단단해지면서 구조적 변형에 유연하게 반응하기가 어렵게 된 반면, 선체는 설계 최적화를 위해 두께가 얇아져 변형하기 쉽게 되면서 추진축계의 안정성에 있어 부정적인 영향으로 작용하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 추진효율을 향상시키기 위해 사용되는 초장행정 저속 엔진은 프로펠러 대형화를 이끌었으며 이는 후부 선미관 베어링의 손상 위험을 증가시키고 있다. 최근까지 추진축계 안정성을 확보하기 위한 최적 배치 계산은 주로 준정적(quasistatic) 상태에서 선미관 베어링의 유막유지(oil film retention)와 선체변형에 따른 영향에 중점을 두어 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 최근 동적 과도상태에서 프로펠러 편심추력의 변동이 선미관 베어링의 손상을 초래할 수 있음이 지속적으로 확인되고 있으며, 이러한 위험 요소는 현재의 준정적 상태 계산 방식으로 식별하기에는 한계가 있다. 현대의 선박 설계가 추진축계의 안정성 측면에 있어 보다 가혹한 특징을 보임에 따라 축계배치계산은 더욱 민감하게 수행될 필요가 있으며, 추진축계의 안정성을 고도화하기 위해서는 과도상태를 포함한 동적 상태의 고려가 요구된다. 이와 관련한 사례 분석의 일환으로 본 연구에서는 5만톤급 중형화학제품 운반선(medium range oil/chemical tanker)을 대상으로 스트레인 게이지법과 변위센서를 이용하여 선박의 과도운전상태의 하나인 긴급 후진이 프로펠러 축 거동에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 또한 흘수 조건을 만재흘수 조건과 발라스트흘수 조건으로 나누어 흘수 변화에 따른 영향을 추가적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 긴급 후진 사용은 프로펠러 축의 거동에 직접적인 영향을 미치고, 특히 사용 직후 상하 방향 거동을 크게 변화시키는 것을 증명하였으며, 이는 향후 동적 상태를 고려한 추진축계 최적 배치 이론과 기술을 고도화하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

만다라활동이 초등학생의 불안감소와 교우관계증진에 미치는 효과

정진희 경희대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

쉼터거주 가출청소년의 진로성숙도와 진로결정 자기효능감 향상을 위한 진로탐색프로그램 개발과 효과

정진희 경성대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내박사

The purpose of this study was to develop a career exploration program whose goal is to improve the career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy of runaway teenagers residing in shelters, and examine the effects of that program. The program was developed through a systematic procedure of program development, that is, PADDIE(Planning, Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) which is based on the ADDIE model. In the planning stage, specifically, a team of program development and advisors, who would advice throughout the development, were organized. In the stage of analysis, prior researches and literature were reviewed. And requirements from professional practitioners and runway teenagers residing in shelters were surveyed and analyzed. In the stage of designing, the purpose of program and learning objectives were set. And a draft of program was designed, in which statements from the teenagers were considered, and inspected by a group of the practitioners. Then, teaching materials for the designed draft. In the same stage, finally, a preliminary test was conducted and, accordingly, the draft was modified and supplemented into a final program. To test the effects of the final program, this study sampled 10 teenagers from D shelter(for teenage girls) located in Busan and another 10 from A sheter(for teenage boys) located in the same city. The ten teenagers of each shelter were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups each having 5 members. In the stage of implementation, the program was applied to D shelter members of the experimental group every other day from Jan 26th to Feb. 3rd, 2016 over 4 sessions and to A shelter members of the same group every other day from Jan 27th to Feb. 4th, 2016 over 4 sessions(2 session a day/90 minutes per session) in order to determine whether the experimental group who participate in the program would show significantly higher improvements in career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy than the control group who don't experience the program. Career maturity was measured with the Career Maturity Test developed by the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training. And career decision-making self-efficacy was measured using the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form(CDMSES-SF) that was developed by Taylor and Betz(1983), later adapted for college students by Lee Ki-hak and Lee Hak-ju(2000), and finally modified for middle and high school students by Lee Eun-gyeong(2001). Data from these measurements were processed in accordance with SPSS WINOWS 21.0, In the stage of evaluation, the descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the experimental group's performance at each session of the program in form of self-reported evaluation. Through that analysis, mean and standard deviation values were obtained. And the non-parametric test was made to difference between the pre- and post-tests of the career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy of each group. As a result, the evaluation of the experimental group's performance found that the same group was higher in the level of targets for behavioral achievement than the other group. And regarding the effects of the program, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in all sub-areas of career maturity and career decision-making self-efficacy when the post-test than when the pre-test, in comparison to the control group.

유용 미생물을 활용한 식물 병원 미생물의 억제와 식물 생장 촉진 효과 검정

정진희 강원대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

본 연구는 초탄에서 분리한 세균 14개를 이용하여 B10-1 ~ B10-14로 명명하고 식물 병원균Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Phytophthora drechsleri 에 길항성이 있고 식물 생장을 촉진 시킬수 있는 유용 미생물 B10-2, B10-4, B10-5, B10-6과 B10-13을 선발하였다. 유용 미생물은 R. solani 를 평균 35.09 % 생장억제 시켰고 B. cinerea를 평균 30.51 % 생장억제 시켰다. P. drechsleri, S. minor와 C. coccodes를 각각 평균 25.2%, 24.10%와 23.96%의 균사 생장을 억제하였다. 식물 병원 미생물에 길항성이 가장 좋았던 균주 B10-2, 4, 5, 6과 13을 선발하여 상추와 청경채에 100ml씩 처리하여 식물의 생장 촉진을 관찰하였다. 유용 미생물을 상추에 처리한 결과 다섯 가지 유용 미생물 모두 control에 비해 leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight가 증가한 것을 확인 하였고, B10-4의 경우 두 배 이상의 생장 촉진 효과를 보였다. 청경채에 처리한 결과 상추와 마찬가지로 생장촉진을 확인 할 수 있었다. 청경채의 경우에선 B10-2를 처리 하였을 때 가장 뛰어난 생장 촉진 효과를 확인 하였다. 배추를 유용 미생물에 처리한 결과 B10-13을 처리한 배추의 생장 또한 두 배 가까이의 생장촉진 효과를 확인하였다. 이 유용 미생물들의 Indole acetic acid (IAA)와 Indole-3-butylic acid (IBA)를 시간 별로 측정 한 결과 세균 배양 2~3일 후에 가장 많은 양을 생산했고 IAA는 B10-4의 경우 배양 3일 후 112.57 µg/mg 으로 가장 많은 IAA를 생산해 냈다. IBA는 유용 미생물 B10-2가 58.71µg/mg 으로 가장 많이 생산함을 확인 하였다. 인산 가용화 활성에서는 B10-13만이 인산 가용화를 할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. 유용 미생물을 동정한 결과 B10-2와 B10-5는 Bacillus thuringiensis로B10-4와 B10-6은 Bacillus aryabhattai 그리고 B10-13은 Staphylococcus hominis subsp. Novobiosepticus로 동정되었다. The experiment was carried out to analyze the inhibition effect of plant pathogenic fungi and growth promotion activity induced by the bacterial strains isolated from peatmoss. Among the isolated bacterial strains, B10-2, B10-4, B10-5, B10-6 and B10-13, which showed more than 30% inhibition rate against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro, were further analyzed in the greenhouse for the growth promotion activity on lettuce (Lactuca sativa), pak-choi(Brassica compestris L. ssp. chinensis) and Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). The results showed the treatment of B10-4 on lettuce showed the highest growth promotion activity with the leaf area (169.17cm2), fresh weight (leaf: 40.29g, root: 8.80g) and dry weight (leaf: 11.24g, root: 4.17g), which was about two folds as compared to control. On pak-choi, the growth promotion rate was the highest with the leaf area of 112.87 cm2, leaf fresh weight of 60.70g, root fresh weight of 3.37g, leaf dry weight of 14.34g, and root dry weight of 1.90g. As a result of treatment of B10-13 on chinese cabbage, the growth promotion rate was the highest with the leaf area(293.56cm2), fresh weight(leaf: 113.67g, root: 2.40g) and dry weight(leaf: 6.03g, root: 0.53g). The production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Indole-3-Butylic Acid (IBA) were also analyzed in these bacterial isolates. The IAA and IBA analyses were carried out in all bacterial isolates each day within the 5 days of incubation period. The highest production of IAA was observed with 112.57µg/mg protein in B10-4 after 3 days of incubation and IBA production was the highest in B10-2 with 58.71 µg/mg protein after 2 days of incubation. Also, phosphate solubilising activity was expressed significantly in B10-13 in comparison to other bacterial isolates. Further bacterial identification showed that B10-2 and B10-5 were Bacillus thuringiensis, B10-4 and B10-6 were Bacillus aryabhattai, and B10-13 was Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus.

직장인 남성 제2형 당뇨병환자의 혈당조절 영향 요인

정진희 이화여자대학교 대학원 2011 국내박사

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to glycemic control in male workers with type 2 diabetes. This study is a cross-sectional survey using structural questionnaires and review of medical records. A total of 250 male workers with type 2 diabetes were recruited from two university hospitals in Seoul Metropolitan area. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their results of A1C good glycemic control group (n= 97, A1C<7.0%) and poor glycemic control group (n= 153, A1C ≥ 7.0%). Data were collected from March 15 to June 30, 2010. The instruments for this survey were alcohol-related culture at workplace (Beattie et al., 1992), job stress (Chang et al., 2005) and medication adherence (Morisky et al., 1986). The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS (PASW Statistics) version 18.0 program. Data were presented as Mean±SD, and percent. Comparing two groups, t-test and χ2-test were used, and multiple regression and multiple logistic regression analysis were done to identify independent factors related to glycemic control. The major findings of this study were described as follows: 1. The average A1C level of total subjects was 7.47±1.18% and that of good and poor glycemic control group was 6.42±0.39%, and 8.14±1.01%, respectively. 2. The job-related and disease-related variables shown statistically significant difference between the good and the poor glycemic control group were job stress (t=-2.044, p=.042), treatment type (χ2=4.583, p=.032), and medicine type (χ2=7.301, p=.026). 3. The self management variables shown statistically significant difference between the good and the poor glycemic control group were regular exercise (χ2=9.782, p=.002), exercise frequency (χ2=9.933, p=.007), exercise duration (χ2=9.789, p=.007), smoking (χ2=5.574, p=.018), and medication adherence (t=5.925, p=.015). 4. Factors related to self management were alcohol-related culture at workplace (β=.150, p=.027) in total energy intake, work time (β=-.162, p=.016) and marriage status (β=.150, p=.026) in exercise duration, job stress (β=-.189, p=.005) in sleep duration, alcohol-related culture at workplace (β=.320, p=.000) and medication type (β=.129, p=.044) in alcohol drinking, job (β=.170, p=.012) and age (β=-.168, p=.013) in smoking, and age (β=.312, p=.000) in medication adherence. 5. Factors related to A1C level were fat intake, medicine type, exercise and smoking. Compared to subject who had low-fat intake, odds ratio of good glycemic control (A1C<7.0%) in high-fat intake was 0.415(95% CI=0.198-0.869, p=.020). Compared to subject who took oral hypoglycemic agents, odds ratio of good glycemic control (A1C<7.0%) in oral hypoglycemic agent and insulin was 0.346 (95% CI=0.141-0.850, p=.021). With non-exerciser as the reference group, the odds ratio for good glycemic control (A1C<7.0%) in exercisers was 2.124 (95% CI=1.037-4.350, p=.039). With smokers as the reference group, the odds ratio for good glycemic control (A1C<7.0%) in nonsmokers was 2.267 (95% CI=1.153-4.457, p=.018). 본 연구는 직장생활 속에서 초과근무나 스트레스, 잦은 회식과 음주 등으로 자기관리에 많은 도전을 받고 있는 직장인 남성 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 혈당 조절에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 당화혈색소 7.0%를 기준으로 혈당 양호군과 혈당 불량군으로 나누어 두 군 간에 일반적 특성 및 직업관련 특성, 질병관련 특성, 자기관리와의 차이를 분석하고, 혈당조절에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하여 당뇨병 환자의 적절한 혈당 관리를 위한 간호중재 개발의 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 시도된 서술적 비교 조사연구이다. 본 연구는 서울과 경기도 소재 S대학병원의 직장인 남성 제2형 당뇨병 환자 250명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 자료수집기간은 2010년 3월 15일에서 6월 30일까지 설문조사와 병원 의무기록 조회를 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 연구도구는 자가보고식 설문지로 일반적 특성과 질병관련 특성, 음주문화 5문항(Beattie, Longbaugh, & Fava, 1992)과 한국인 직무스트레스 24문항(장세진 등, 2005)을 포함한 직업관련 특성, 약물순응도 4문항(Morisky, Green, & Levine, 1986), 24시간 회상법을 이용한 섭취량 조사와 식습관 조사, 운동시행유무와 횟수, 음주 빈도와 음주량, 흡연 유무와 흡연량, 수면 시간으로 구성되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS(PASW Statistics) 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test, χ2-test, multiple regression, multiple logistic regression으로 분석하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연구 대상자의 평균 당화혈색소는 7.47±1.18%였고, 혈당 양호군과 혈당 불량군의 평균 당화혈색소 수치는 각각 6.42±0.39%, 8.14±1.01%였다. 2. 혈당 양호군과 혈당 불량군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였던 변수는 직업관련 특성에서 직무스트레스(t=-2.044, p=.042), 질병관련특성에서 치료방법(χ2=4.583, p=.032)과 약물치료형태(χ2=7.301, p=.026)였다. 3. 혈당 양호군과 혈당 불량군 간의 자기관리에서 운동시행유무(χ2=9.782, p=.002)와 운동횟수(χ2=9.933, p=.007), 운동시간(χ2=9.789, p=.007), 흡연 유무(χ2=5.574, p=.018), 약물순응도(t=5.925, p=.015)가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 대상자의 자기관리에 영향을 미치는 관련요인에서 총에너지섭취량은 음주문화(β=.150, p=.027)가, 운동량에는 근로시간(β=-.162, p=.016)과 결혼상태(β=.150, p=.026)가, 수면 시간에는 직무스트레스(β=-.189, p=.005)가, 음주량에는 음주문화(β=.320, p=.000)와 약물치료형태(β=.129, p=.044)가, 흡연량에는 직종(β=.170, p=.012)과 연령(β=-.168, p=.013)이, 약물순응도에는 연령(β=.312, p=.000)이 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 5. 대상자의 당화혈색소에 영향을 미치는 요인은 지질섭취량, 약물치료형태, 운동시행유무, 흡연유무로 나타났다. 당화혈색소가 7.0% 미만일 확률은 지질섭취량 부족군에 비해 과잉군은 0.415배(95% CI=0.198-0.869, p=.020) 감소하고, 경구약을 복용하는 대상자에 비해 경구약과 인슐린을 맞는 대상자는 0.346배(95% CI =0.141-0.850, p=.021) 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 운동을 하지 않는 대상자에 비해 운동을 하는 대상자가 2.124배(95% CI=1.037-4.350, p=.039) 높고, 흡연을 하는 대상자에 비해 흡연을 하지 않는 대상자가 2.267배(95% CI=1.153-4.457, p=.018) 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 직장인 남성 제2형 당뇨병 환자의 혈당조절에 영향을 미치는 요인은 지질섭취량과 약물치료형태, 운동시행, 흡연으로 나타나 이에 대한 집중적인 자기관리가 필요하다. 또한 법정근로시간 준수라는 사회적 노력과 함께 운동을 촉진하고 유지, 관리할 수 있는 다양한 간호중재 개발 및 제반시설 마련과 지속적인 금연 권고 및 교육이 필요하다.

지하철 초미세먼지와 미세먼지의 화학적 특성 연구

정진희 忠南大學校 大學院 2017 국내박사

As most people living in urban area spend more than 85% of their time in a variety of indoor locations, information regarding their exposure routes of pollutants is crucial in human health. The contaminants originated from indoor pollution sources as well as various outdoor sources are easily accumulated in indoor environment. Note that the natural ventilation is nearly impossible in the subway system. Hence, its pollution status can be worsened if pollutants are constantly produced and circulated inside the station due to the repetitive operation of subway trains. Therefore, the concentration levels and associated elemental composition of PM in an indoor environment (e.g., subway station, cabin, and tunnel) can be used as a practical barometer of indoor air quality, IAQ. In this dissertation, the first chapter presents the analytical summary of seasonal PM2.5 data collected at a subway platform in Daejeon, Korea. The PM2.5 concentrations were 36.9 ± 12.4 μg/m3 that fell below the guideline set by the Korean Indoor Air Quality Control Act. Fe was identified as the predominant element (22% of PM2.5), which generally occurred in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4). Four sources at the subway platform were identified, and the contribution of each source was quantified by PMF receptor model; rail dust (50%), secondary aerosol (19%), soil-road dust (19%), and vehicle exhaust (12%). Except for the rail dust generated by the friction of a rail and wheel, the PM2.5 at the subway platform is expected to be originated from outdoor pollution sources (e.g., secondary aerosol, soil-road dust, and vehicle exhaust). Thus, the quantity of PM2.5 infiltrated from outdoor PM2.5 sources was estimated to be about 50% at the subway platform. The second chapter presents the analytical summary of PM10 data collected from a subway cabin. In order to assess the pollution status and distribution characteristics of PM10 and PM-bound species in the subway cabin, PM10 samples were collected using mini-volume air sampler during the time of subway operation. The measurements of up to about 30 elements including toxic metals in PM10 were made by INAA and WD-XRF. The average PM10 concentration was 59.3 ± 14.5 μg/m3, while the associated elemental concentrations varied in the range of 10-3 to 105 ng/m3. It was found that the concentrations of Fe (12.5 μg/m3) and S (1.89 μg/m3) were substantially higher than all the other elements measured from the subway cabin. In those PM10 samples, Ba and Fe were highly enriched probably due to mechanical wearing and friction of subway brake system, rail, and wheels in the tunnel. The results of factor analysis indicated that there were no more than six sources in the cabin (e.g., brake-nonferrous metal particle, resuspended rail dust, fuel combustion, vehicle exhaust, black carbon, and Cr-related), which can cover as much as 80.2 % of total variance. In the third chapter, the chemical composition and distribution of Fe-containing particles were explored from subway particles collected from platform, cabin, and tunnel. PM10 concentrations in the subway tunnel (243 ± 56.0 μg/m3) were 4 times higher than those measured in the cabin. At the subway platform, coarse particles mainly consisted of major crustal elements (25% of coarse particles: such as Al, Ca, K, Mg, and Si), while it was not for fine particles. If the PM10 results at the platform are compared across seasons, the concentrations of metals originated from subway environments (e.g., Ba, Cu, Fe, and Mn) were significantly lower in winter than other seasons, which was similar to PM2.5. In the subway system, the concentrations of certain metal species (e.g., Ba, Cu, Fe, and Mn) were elevated especially about 5~400 times than those in ground-level offices. These elements were well correlated statistically between cabin and tunnel regardless of differences in measurement period.

제주도 당본풀이의 유형과 변천 양상 연구

정진희 서울대학교 대학원 1999 국내석사