奈良시대의 渡來系官人의 승진 -五位이상 귀족관인의 승진형태를 중심으로-

丁珍娥(Chung, Jin Ah) 일본사학회 2004 일본역사연구 Vol.21 No.-

The aim of this paper is to understand the aristocratic bureaucracy and society of ancient Japan by examining how the officials of overseas origins were promoted to and above the 5th rank in the Nara official hierarchy. As the system of legal codes (ritsuryo) was introduced and established, officials became promoted on merit. However, many people of overseas origins were excluded from the appointment of the government post. This promotion is not continued in the next era. During the reign of Emperor Shomu a new bureaucratic system called the naigaikai system was established. The new system required the people of overseas origins to be appointed to the posts below the 5th rank. Contrary to the previous system, the new system favored their talent. This led to a sharp rise in the number of their appointment. As the system became loosened, the number of people promoted above the fifth rank increased. This trend continued until the reign of Emperor Kammu. The new system favored those who had worked in the posts for a certain period of time. Many officials of overseas origins worked as scribes and were appointed above the fifth rank. The era of Fujiwara no Nakamaro marked a watershed in the history of official appointment of people of overseas origins. During this period the system of bureaucratic ranks were clarified. It continued to function during the second half of the Nara period and occupy the central position in the appointment and promotion of people of overseas origins.

실천적 지식으로서의 음악과 수업전문성 형성에 대한 질적 탐구

정진원 ( Chung Jin-won ) 한국피아노교수법학회 2016 음악교수법연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 교육 경험의 구성자이자 매개자로서 수업의 과정에서 교사가 내포하고 있는 역할의 중요성을 탐색하고 연속적인 맥락에서 음악 교과적 특수성에 입각한 음악수업전문성의 실천적 의미와 구성요인을 이론적, 경험적으로 고찰하였다. 이론적 측면에서 교사의 수업전문성은 지식을 학생에게 전달하는 교사의 심화된 능력을 의미하며 교수학습전략지식, 학생이해지식, 교과 내용지식, 교육환경지식 등과 같은 다양한 유형의 지식들을 포함한다. 음악과 수업전문성도 교육학 일반에서의 수업전문성요인들을 동일하게 공유함과 동시에 음악적 지식, 음악적 표현 기능, 음악적 교수실행능력과 같은 교과 특성적인 요인들이 관여된다. 초등교사 8인을 대상으로 실시한 음악 수업 실행과정에 대한 근거이론적 연구에서는 이론적 탐구에서 제시된 수업전문성 요인들이 동일하게 나타났으며 ‘음악에 대한 가치화’, ‘음악수업에 대한 동기화’ ‘음악수업에 대한 성찰’이 주목할 만한 요인으로 나타났다. 교사의 내재적 지식이 ‘수업’을 통하여 ‘좋은 음악수업’ 나아가 ‘음악수업의 전문성’으로까지 발전하기 위해서는 교사의 내면에 축적된 음악에 대한 ‘가치관’이 전제되어야 하며 지속적으로 좋은 수업을 실천하고자 하는 내적 의지가 주요하게 작동한다고 해석된다. 향후 논의에서는 수업전문성을 발전시키는 교사 내면의 정향적 요인들이 탐색되어야 할 것이다. The study contemplated importance of the role of teacher as a constructor of music instruction and also investigated concept of professional knowledge of music teaching as practical knowledge and its formation within the music teaching process. On theoretical perspective teaching professionality means intensified ability of delivering knowledge to students which includes knowledge of teaching strategies, knowledge about students, content knowledge of subject, and knowledge of teaching environment. Professional knowledge of music teaching surely requires same kind of knowledges for education in general, also demands specific knowledge for music teaching like musical knowledge, skills for musical expression, executing music teaching strategies. 8 of elementary school teachers participated in qualitative investigation applying grounded theory. From the results, this study found most of knowledge factors that main theories suggested, and it can be possibly interpreted that teacher’s valuation of music and willness for ‘good teaching’ are also critical factors for self-development of teaching professionality. For future discussion, this study suggests teachers’ inner orientation toward value of music for education.

스마트 무인기 풍동시험

정진덕(Chung, Jindeog),최성욱(Choi Sungwook),이장연(Lee Jangyeo) 한국유체기계학회 2006 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Wind tunnel testings to develope tilt-rotor Smart Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SUAV) were intensively performed. Small wind tunnel was used to find and evaluate design parameters and to fix general layout of configuration. The application of large tunnel with 40% scaled model is to collect performance and stability related aerodynamic data. During large scale model test wind tunnel is used as a tool to compare Flaperon types, to improve lift characteristics by using different height vortex generators and to alleviate nacelle separated flow effects on the wing.

月明師의 〈兜率歌〉 해독에 대하여

정진원(Chung Jin-won) 구결학회 2008 구결연구 Vol.20 No.-

본고는 월명사의 〈도솔가〉에 대하여, 가사 자료와 대응하는 용례를 정리하고 불교적 관점에서 해독을 시도하였다. 향찰의 표기는 석독구결의 용례와 일치하는 경우가 많아 국어사적으로 최근 가시적인 성과를 보여주고 있다. 한편 불교 신앙 및 사상적 측면에서 〈도솔가〉는 미록사상과 밀교 신앙의 성격을 띠고 있어 이를 바탕으로 해독하면 좀 더 내용 파악이 명료해지는 장점이 있다. 특히 〈도솔가〉라는 제목은 도솔천에 사는 미록을 상징하며 그 미래불의 가피력으로 변괴가 사라지기를 기원하는 노래임을 뜻한다. 그러나 그 내용을 담고 있는〈도솔가〉의 가사는 밀교 의식의 壇(mandala)을 세우고 산화공덕 의식을 베푸는 내용으로 이루어져 있다. 따라서 세간에서는 ‘산화가’로 잘못 알려져 있을 만큼 밀교적 색채가 강하다. 이러한 〈도솔가〉의 특징에 착안하여 여러 가지로 해독되는 2구와 4구에 대하여 재해독을 시도하였다. 곧 제 2구의 ‘巴寶-’를 부처에 대한 예경의식인 ‘감돌다’의 뜻으로 보아 두 글자 모두 훈독하여 ‘돌돌-’로 해독하였고 4구의 ‘羅良’도 미록부처의 이상세계인 용화세계를 ‘펼쳐라’ 라는 뜻으로 ‘벌라’로 해독하였다. 향가는 자구 해석에 대한 면밀한 고찰을 바탕으로 당시 신라시대의 사상, 문화, 정치와 결부시키면 한층 미더운 해독결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. This paper is concerned with the decipherment of the hyangga song Dosolga, composed by Wolmyungsa during the Silla period. First, the text of the song and data relevant to its decipherment are presented. Second, an attempt is made to decipher the text from a Buddhist perspective. There are many instances of hyangchal transcriptions corresponding to examples of seokdok kugyol writing, and these show us the clearest results in terms of the history of the Korean language. Additionally, from the angle of Buddhist beliefs and thought, Dosolga exhibits characteristics of both Maitreya thought and Tantrism. When interpreted on this basis, it is possible to obtain a somewhat clearer understanding of the meaning of the song. In particular, the title of the song itself, Dosolga, includes Maitreya thought, by signifying the prayer for the disappearance of calamities, through the power of the future Buddha(Maitreya). Nevertheless, the words of Dosolga are for the most part concerned with the scattering of flowers. In other words, the song is about the construction of a mandala for a Tantric ceremony and the holding of a ceremony of scattering flowers for Buddhist merit. For this reason, people have mistakenly known Dosolga as Sanhwaga ("Scattering Flowers Song"), which shows the extent to which Dosolga is a song with a strong Tantric coloring. Taking notice of the special characteristics of Dosolga in this way, this paper makes a fresh attempt to decipher the second and fourth phrases of the song. If a close investigation of the phrasal analysis of hyangga, coupled with the thought, culture and government of the times, is taken as the basis of study, we can obtain a more reliable interpretation of the hyangga of the Silla period.

주주간(株主間)의 합의(合意) 프랑스법(法)을 참조하여 - 의결권 행사와 주식매매 약정의 효력에 관한 프랑스 판례

정진세 ( Chung Chin-se ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2001 홍익법학 Vol.2 No.-

La plupart de conventions conclues entre actionnaires pour reglementer l`exercice de leurs droits individuels convenues entre des actionnaires majoritaires qui s`efforcent d`assurer la stabilite de l`actionnariat et de la direction, et y trouvent une protection contre des agressions inamicales. D`autres sont destinees a proteger les interets d`actionnaires minoritaires qui entendent subordonner leur apport a certaines conditions ou amenager leur sortie. Ces clauses sont l`expression d`un nouvel interet porte a I`aspect contractuel du droit des societes. En vertu du principe de liberte contractuelle, les actionnaires devraient pouvoir disposer de leurs droits individuels comme ils l`entendent. Neanmoins ceraines prerogatives paraissent a ce point indissociables de la qualite d`associe que leur protection fait l`objet traditionnellement d`une reglementation imperative, malgre les clauses contraires. En outre, certaines combinaisons peuvent porter atteinte a I`egalite entre les actionnaires ou nuire a la transparence du marche financier. Sensibles aux pressions de la pratique, le legislateur et la jurisprudence modernes admettent de plus en plus liberalement la validite des pactes d`actionnaires.

국민건강영양조사 자료의 복합표본설계효과와 통계적 추론

정진은(Chung, Chin-Eun) 한국영양학회 2012 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.45 No.6

Nutritional researchers world-wide are using large-scale sample survey methods to study nutritional health epidemiology and services utilization in general, non-clinical populations. This article provides a review of important statistical methods and software that apply to descriptive and multivariate analysis of data collected in sample surveys, such as national health and nutrition examination survey. A comparative data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to illustrate analytical procedures and design effects for survey estimates of population statistics, model parameters, and test statistics. This article focused on the following points, method of approach to analyze of the sample survey data, right software tools available to perform these analyses, and correct survey analysis methods important to interpretation of survey data. It addresses the question of approaches to analysis of complex sample survey data. The latest developments in software tools for analysis of complex sample survey data are covered, and empirical examples are presented that illustrate the impact of survey sample design effects on the parameter estimates, test statistics, and significance probabilities (p values) for univariate and multivariate analyses.

HIL을 이용한 터보과급기 승용 디젤 엔진 성능 시뮬레이션

정진은(Jin-Eun Chung),정동영(Dong-young Jeong),정재우(Jae-Woo Chung),강우(Woo Kang) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

2단 터보과급기 승용 디젤엔진의 성능 시뮬레이션

정진은(Jin-Eun Chung),노호종(Ho-Jong Roh),정재우(Jae-Woo Chung),강우(Woo Kang) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In order to overcome known problems of turbocharged engines, such as, turbo lag and boost threshold, current research is going towards the usage of various combinations of several turbochargers. A good example is the two-stage turbocharged diesel engine. Therefore the research which predicts the performance of two-stage turbocharged diesel engine is carried out. AMESim/IFP Engine Library of Imagine are used for the performance simulation. Specifications and performance maps of turbochargers which are made by some theory and experiments are used. The time constant(63%) of two-stage turbocharged diesel engine when the engine speed is changed from idling to 1500 rpm was 1.2 seconds, which is short 6.9 seconds compared with 8.1 seconds of single-stage engine. This shows the transient response of two-stage turbocharged diesel engine is improved compare with that of the single-stage.

Pyrosequencing을 이용한 하절기 영산강 유역의 Phylum 계층의 세균 군집 조사

정진,박상정,운노타쯔야,Chung, Jin,Park, Sang Jung,Unno, Tatsuya 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Pyrosequencing을 이용하여 영산강 유역의 세균 군집 현황을 조사하였다. 영산강 본류 및 지천 14개 지점을 선정하여 5-7월동안 시료채취를 하였다. 총 42개의 시료를 가지고 총 989,380 reads을 얻었으며 taxonomic 분류와 OTU 분포도 분석을 실시하였다. Phylum 계층의 세균 구조 결과를 통해서 지천의 특성, 토지 이용, 시기적인 요인 등 환경적 요인에 따라 세균 군집 구조가 민감하게 변하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, OTU 분석을 근거한 오염원 추적기법(microbial source tracking; MST)을 통해 분변오염을 추적해보았다. Firmicutes가 가장 수질에 영향을 주는 taxa로 관찰되었다. 본 연구를 통해서, 현재 사용하는 수질 지표, BOD, pH 등에 더하여 pyrosequencing을 이용한 세균군집 조사 결과가 보다 효율적인 하천의 물관리 정책을 위해서 유용한 정보가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. We have conducted pyrosequencing for freshwater microbial community analyses. Fourteen sites along the Yeongsan river were selected for this study, and samples were collected monthly from May to July, 2012. Total 987,380 reads were obtained from 42 samples and used for taxonomic classification and OTU distribution analysis. Our results showed that high geographical and temporal variation in the phylum level bacterial composition, suggesting that microbial community is a very sensitive parameter affected by the surrounding environments including tributaries and land use nearby. In addition, we conducted an OTU-based Microbial Source Tracking to identify sources of fecal pollution in the same region. From this study Firmicutes was found to be the most influential taxa in this region. Here, we report that the use of pyrosequencing based microbial community analysis may give an additional information on freshwater quality monitoring, in addition to the currently used water quality parameters, such as BOD and pH.

스마트무인기에 적용한 유동제어 장치

정진덕(Jindeog Chung),홍단비(Danbi Hong) 한국항공우주연구원 2009 항공우주기술 Vol.8 No.1

스마트 무인기의 공력특성을 향상시키기 위하여 주익에는 와류생성기(vortex generator), 주익의 끝단에는 유동펜스(flow fence)를 적용하였다. 와류생성기는 SUAV의 최대양력계수와 실속각을 지연시키는 효과가 있었지만 높은 항력증가를 초래하여, 결국에는 양항비가 줄어들었다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 L-형태와 높이가 3㎜와 5㎜인 와류생성기를 적용하였다. 유동펜스는 나셀 틸팅각이 증가함에 따라 나셀에서 발생하는 박리에 의하여 주익성능이 감소하는 현상을 방지하기 위하여 사용하였다. 두 가지 유동제어 장치를 사용함에 따라 스마트 무인기의 공력특성들이 어떻게 변화하였는지를 정리하였다. To improve the aerodynamic efficiency of Smart Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SUAV), vortex generators and flow fence are applied on the surface and the tip of wing. The initially applied vortex generator increased maximum lift coefficient and delayed the stall angle while it produced excessive increase in drag coefficient. It turns out reduction of the airplane's the lift/drag ratio. The new vortex generators with L-shape and two different height, 3㎜ and 5㎜, were used to TR-S4 configuration to maintain the desired level of maximum lift coefficient and drag coefficient. Flow fence was also applied at the end of both wing tip to reduce the interaction between nacelle and wing when nacelle tilting angles are large enough and produce flow separation. To examine the effect of flow fence, flow visualization and force and moment measurements were done. The variation of the aerodynamic characteristics of SUAV after applying flow control devices are summarized.