흰쥐 중뇌 중심회색질에서 Preproenkephalin, Prodynorphin 혹은 Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase mRNA 함유 신경세포의 분포 및 말초염증에 의한 유전자발현의 변화

정일경,강병조,임효덕,김상헌,배준철,김상용,조희중 대한생물치료정신의학회 2002 생물치료정신의학 Vol.8 No.2

아편양 펩타이드와 GABA가 중뇌 중심회색질(PAG)에서 동통조절기능과 관련하여 중요한 역할을 담당함은 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 PAG에서 preproenkephalin(pENK), prodynorphin(pDYN) 혹은 glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA함유신경세포의 분포와 또한 말초염증 유발 후 이들 mRNA들이 어떠한 변화를 일으키는지를 in situ hybridization기법에 의하여 관찰하여 다음의 결과를 알 수 있었다.1. pENK mRNA함유신경세포는 대부분 PAG의 모든 수준의 배쪽외측부에서 관찰되었다.2. pDYN mRNA함유신경세포는 주로 하부 PAG의 배쪽외측부에 분포하였다.3. GAD mRNA함유신경세포는 대부분 PAG의 모든 수준의 배쪽외측부에서 관찰되었다.4. 말초염증을 유발시키면 pENK mRNA는 증가, GAD mRNA는 감소를, 그리고 pDYN mRNA는 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 pENK, pDYN 및 GAD mRNA함유신경세포는 대부분 PAG에서 동통억제작용과 가장 관련있는 부위, 즉 배쪽외측부에 분포하며 또한 enkephalin과 GABA는 말초염증에 의한 동통유발시 각각 증가 혹은 감소함을 알 수 있었으며 더 나아가 PAG의 enkephalin과 GABA는 말초염증에 의해 유발된 동통조절에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : It is well known that opioid peptides and GABA play an important roles in the pain modulation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The present study was undertaken to elucidate the distribution of preproenkephalin (pENK), prodynorphin (pDYN) or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA-containing neurons in the PAG and to know if these mRNAs levels change following peripheral inflammation. Methods : In situ hybridization was performed for the detection of the gene expression in the rat periaqueductal gray following peripheral inflammation produced by an intraplantar injection of Freund's adjuvant into the rat hindpaws. Results : pENK mRNA-containing neurons are found mostly in the ventrolateral portion at all levels of the PAG. pDYN mRNA-containing neurons are concentrated mostly in the ventrolateral portion at the caudal level of the PAG. GAD mRNA-containing neurons are found mostly in the ventrolateral portion at all levels of the PAG. Peripheral inflammation induces an increase of pENK mRNA levels and a decrease of GAD mRNA levels, while pDYN mRNA levels shows no changes. Conclusion : The present results indicate that the pENK, pDYN or GAD mRNA- containing neurons are found mainly in the ventrolateral PAG, the area where analgesia is most easily produced and that syntheses of enkephalin and GABA in the PAG increase and decrease, respectively, following peripheral tissue inflammation. Taken together, they suggest that enkephalin and GABA in the PAG may play an important role in modulating pain induced by peripheral tissue inflammation.

중성자 회절을 이용한 릴랙서 강유전체 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 세라믹의 결정구조 및 국소구조의 외부 전기장 의존성 연구

정일경 한국물리학회 2019 New Physics: Sae Mulli Vol.69 No.2

We perform neutron diffraction measurements on a Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) ceramic disk under electric fields up to E ≃ 1.2 kV/mm at 300 K and 100 K. The electric field and the temperature dependences of lattice parameter a(E; T) are obtained from Rietveld refinements. Under the external electric field, the lattice parameter increases as the E-field increases. The E-field dependence is found to be more significant at 100 K, and a(E, 100 K) becomes larger than a(E, 300 K) for E 0.3 kV/mm. To complement the Rietveld refinement, we investigate the local structure of PMN by using the atomic pair distribution function (PDF). Based on the PDF analysis, we study the effects of the external E-field and the temperature on the volume fraction of the polar nanoregions that appear in the average cubic lattice of PMN. 릴랙서 강유전체 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) 세라믹 원판에 전기장을 최대 E ≃ 1.2 kV/mm까지걸어주면서 300 K와 100 K에서 중성자 회절 실험을 수행하였다. 회절 패턴에 대한 Rietveld 분석을 통해외부 전기장과 온도의 함수로 격자 상수 a(E; T)를 구하였다. 외부 전기장의 세기가 커질수록 격자상수는커졌으며 전기장이 E 0.3 kV/mm일 때 그 값은 300 K보다 100 K에서 더 큰 값을 나타냈다. 또한, Rietveld 분석을 통해 구한 평균적인 결정구조 정보를 보완하기 위해 PMN의 국소구조를 원자짝분포함수(atomic pair distribution function) 를 이용해 분석하였으며 이를 바탕으로 외부 전기장과 온도에 따른극성나노분극의 부피 비의 변화를 확인하였다.

중성자 짝분포 함수 분석을 이용한 강유전체 Bi4xLaxTi3O12 의 국소구조 연구

정일경 한국물리학회 2021 새물리 Vol.71 No.10

Local structures of Bi4 xLaxTi3O12 (x=0, 0.75, 1.5) have been studied using neutron atomic pair distribution function analysis and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling. For x=0, the Ti-O bond-length distribution has an asymmetric shape, indicating an off-centering of the Ti ion inside the oxygen octahedron. As the La composition x increases, the Ti-O bond-length distribution becomes more symmetric and narrower, implying that the off-centering of the Ti ion is suppressed by La substitution. By using RMC modeling for the neutron-pair distribution function and the total scattering of Bi4 xLaxTi3O12 we show that the substitution of the La ion strongly affects the local environment of a Bi ion at the perovskite A-site. In contrast, the local structure of the Bi ion at the Bi2O2 layer remains relatively undisturbed. Between x=0.75 and 1.5, we find that an increased La content has no further noticeable effects on the local structures, which indicates an enhanced structural stability due to a La substitution of x=0.75. 중성자 짝분포함수 분석과 reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) 모델링을 이용하여 Bi4 xLaxTi3O12 (x=0, 0.75, 1.5)의 국소구조를 연구하였다. x=0인 경우, Ti-O 원자쌍의 거리분포를 나타내는 짝분포함수는산소팔면체 중심에서 Ti 이온의 변위로 인해 비대칭적인 형태를 보인다. La 이온이 치환됨에 따라 Ti-O 짝분포함수 피크는 점점 대칭적이 되어가고 반치폭도 감소하였다. 이 결과는 La 이온의 치환으로 인해Ti 이온의 변위가 억제됨을 의미한다. Bi4 xLaxTi3O12 의 중성자 짝분포함수와 총산란에 대한 RMC 모델링을 통해 La 이온의 치환이 페로브스카이트 A-위치에 있는 Bi 이온의 국소구조에 큰 영향을 미친다는것을 확인하였다. 반면에 Bi2O2 층에 있는 Bi 이온의 국소구조는 상대적으로 덜 영향을 받았다. La 이온의 조성이 x=0.75와 1.5인 두 경우를 비교한 결과 추가적인 La 이온의 치환이 국소구조에 미치는 영향은 크지 않았고 이로부터 x=0.75에서 La 이온의 치환이 결정구조 안정화에 기여한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

미량요소 첨가가 자가불화합성 억제에 미치는 영향

정일경,손태권,김민지 한국자원식물학회 2012 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Self-incompatibility (SI) system is a genetic barrier that prevents self-fertilization and promotes cross-pollination among different S genotypes. In many of these species, SI is controlled by a single genetic locus known as S locus, which prevents the fertilization by pollen with same locus. S RNases are the products of the S-locus expressed in the stylar tissue of Fuji Apple with gametophytic self-incompatibility system. This study investigated the various types of chemicals in order to select more effective inhibitors and activators. The effect on the inhibition of S RNase of Fuji apples was investigated in vitro. The result showed that the enzyme activity was reduced 24.3% by Iron(Ⅱ) Sulfate, significantly. In vitro studies of pollen growth tube showed that pollen tube growth had a higher germination rate (90%) in 10% Sucrose than in 2% sucrose extension medium. Data on the fruit set of apples treated with inhibitor and activator. Double application of A +(Apple Plus, ISTECH Co. Ltd.,)+Vitamin B6 had the highest central fruit set as 86.1%(Andong). One time application of A ++Vitamin B1 in Yeongju obtained the highest central fruit set (91.9%). 본 연구는 사과의 자가불화합성 현상에 효과적인 저해제와 활력제를 탐색하기 위해 여러 종류의 물질을 조사하였다. 후지 사과의 화주조직에서 분비되는 S RNase에 대한저해효과를 조사하기 위해 In vitro 상에서 효소 저해제를넣어 효소활성을 측정한 결과, Iron(Ⅱ) Sulfate에서 현저하게 활성이 24.3% 감소되어 저해효과가 뛰어난 것으로나타났다. In vitro 상에서 후지 사과의 화분관 신장 억제효과를 분석한 결과, 후지 사과의 화분은 2% Sucrose 신장배지 보다 10% Sucrose 신장배지에서 약 90% 이상의 높은발아율을 나타났다. 또한 저해제와 첨가제 처리에 의한 안동지역과 영주지역의 Field에서 후지 사과 착과율 조사 결과, 안동지역에서는 A++V6 2회 처리가 86.1%로 중심화착과율이 가장 높았으며, 영주지역에서는 A++V1 1회 처리가 91.9%로 중심화 착과율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

Local Structure of Lead-containing Mixed-ion Perovskite Ferroelectrics Studied Using Neutron Total Scattering Analysis

정일경,Dhananjai Pandey 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.3

We report the local structures of the lead-containing mixed-ion perovskite Pb(Ni 1 3/2+ Nb 2 3/5+ )O3 (PNN), Pb(Fe 1 2/3+ Nb 1 2/5+ )O3 (PFN), and Pb(Zr 0.6 4+ Ti 0.4 4+ )O3 (PZT) by using a neutron total scattering analysis at low temperatures. Between PNN and PFN, we found that the Pb-O pair distributions were quite similar although they exhibited cubic and monoclinic average structures, respectively. Despite the similarity of the Pb-O pair distributions, the local structures of the B-cations in these compounds were rather different from each other. In the case of PZT, the Pb-O local structure was found to be distinctively different from those of other mixed-valence compounds. These comparisons among Pb-containing mixed-ion perovskites suggest that the valence distribution of the B-cation plays a crucial role in the Pb off-center displacement. Finally, we present the temperature evolution of the Pb-O pair distribution in PNN for temperatures from 300 K to 20 K. Based on this result, we show that a relative displacement of Pb and O against each other is an important feature of the local structure of the Pb ions.

Correlated Thermal Motion in Ferroelectric LiNbO_3 Studied Using Neutron Total Scattering and a Rietveld Analysis

정일경,박성균 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.4

We report neutron total scattering and a Rietveld analysis on LiNbO_3 at temperatures from 300 K to 550 K. Using the atomic pair distribution function obtained from the total scattering analysis, we extracted the mean-square relative displacement (MSRD) of the Nb-O atom pair as a function of temperature. At the same time, the thermal parameters for Nb, Li, and O ions were refined using a Rietveld analysis. By combining the results for the MSRD and for the atomic thermal vibrations, we report motional correlation of the nearest-neighbor Nb-O pair, which may play a role in stabilizing the ferroelectric state of LiNbO_3.

현대 361개 경혈체계를 마련한 19세기 『침구봉원』의 침구의학과 침구경락 음양론 발전상 의의

정일경,이혜정,인창식,Jung, Il Kyung,Lee, Hyejung,Yin, Chang Shik 턱관절균형의학회 2019 턱관절균형의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Objectives: "Exploring the origin of acupuncture medicine (針灸逢源)", a classical title of acupuncture medicine in the 19th century, has been reviewed with focus on its impact on the standardization of acupoint in the history of acupuncture medicine as an approach of yin-yang balancing medicine like the Temporomandibular joint Balancing Medicine. Methods: A narrative review of literature was performed with a focus on continuous development and revision of the knowledge system of acupuncture medicine in medical education and clinical application. Results: This title has provided a systematized knowledge on acupoint-acupuncutre including 361 acupoints, acupoint location, and acupoint-meridian association, which was adopted as a frame of core knowledge in modern acupuncture medicine. Critical review and rational reasoning on previously accepted but apparently incongruous strips of knowledge led to the accomplishment of this title. Conclusions: This title provided a revised and standard knowledge system in the field of medical education and clinical practice of acupuncture medicine, and also provided an exemplary model of unrelenting change and development of an approach based on the concept of yin-yang balance such as acupuncture medicine and the Temporomandibular joint Balancing Medicine.

Reverse Monte Carlo Modeling of the Atomic Structure of Relaxor Ferroelectric Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3

정일경 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.9

We performed reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling on neutron total scattering data and obtainedan atomic structure consistent with the local and the average structures of the relaxorferroelectric Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3. By analyzing the model structure from the RMC analysis, wefound evidence for a significant off-centering of the lead ion that varied in magnitude and direction,leading to a partial ordering of polarizations over a few unit cells. We also estimated the staticlattice distortion of the oxygen lattice from the bond-length distributions of atomic pairs.

Structural Evolution of Bismuth Sodium Titanate Induced by A-site Non-stoichiometry: Neutron Powder Diffraction Studies

정일경,성연수,송태권,M. H. Kim,A. Llobet 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.9

We performed neutron powder diffraction measurements on (Bi0.5Na0.5+x)TiO3 and (Bi0.5+y Na0.5)TiO3 to study the structural evolution induced by the non-stoichiometry. Despite the nonstoichiometry, the local structure (r 3.5 °A) from the pair distribution function analysis is barely affected by a sodium deficit of up to −5 mol%. With increasing pair distance, however, the atomic pair correlations weaken due to the disorder caused by the sodium deficiency. Although the sodium and the bismuth share the same crystallographic site, their non-stoichiometries have rather opposite effects as revealed from distinctive distortions of the Bragg peaks. In addition, a Rietveld refinement demonstrates that the octahedral tilting is continually suppressed for sodium deficits up to −5 mol%. This is contrary to the effect of the bismuth deficiency, which induces little variation in the octahedral tilting.

흰쥐 중뇌 중심회색질에서 Preproenkephalin, Prodynorphin 혹은 Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase mRNA함유 신경세포의 분포 및 말초염증에 의한 유전자발현의 변화

정일경,강병조,임효덕,김상헌,배준철,김상용,조희중 대한생물치료정신의학회 2002 생물치료정신의학 Vol.8 No.1