지반 보강과 배수를 위한 이중기능 록볼트 성능 검증에 관한 연구

정영훈,김두래,김경철,신종호,Jung, Young-Hoon,Kim, Doo-Rae,Kim, Kyeong-Cheol,Shin, Jong-Ho 한국터널지하공간학회 2018 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.20 No.5

록볼트는 지하굴착 중 불연속 암반을 보강하기 위하여 흔히 사용하는 대표적인 지보재 중의 하나이다. 용수가 많은 현장에서는 굴착 시공성을 개선하고 록볼트의 정착효과를 증진하기 위하여 별도의 Drain pipe 설치하게 된다. Drain pipe는 배수경로를 제공하여 작업성 개선에 효과적이지만 지반보강효과를 기대하기 어렵고, 다수 설치 시 불연속 암반의 교란을 증가시키며, 공사비 증가 요인이 된다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위하여 암반의 보강과 배수를 겸한 Dual purpose rockbolt (DPR)를 개발하였다. DPR은 신속하고, 경제적으로 암반의 역학적 수리적 안정성을 개선할 수 있었다. FRP (유리섬유 보강 플라스틱)와 steel을 이용한 2가지 DPR을 개발하여 역학적 수리적 성능을 검토하였고, 시공성과 안정성을 분석하였다. Rockbolt is one of the most common supports used to reinforce discontinuous rock during underground excavation. Extra drain pipes are installed to improve excavation workability and the anchorage of rockbolts in water bearing ground. The drain pipe is effective in improving the workability by providing drainage path, but it is difficult to expect the reinforcement effect, increasing disturbance of the discontinuous rock mass and the construction cost. To solve this problem, dual purpose rockbolt (DPR) has been developed for the reinforcement of rock and the drainage of ground water. DPR was able to improve the mechanical and hydraulic stability of the rocks quickly and economically. Two kinds of DPRs using FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and steel were investigated for the mechanical and hydraulic performance. Also, the workability and stability of DPR were analyzed.

마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스를 이용한 바이오산업의 동향

정영훈 ( Young Hoon Jung ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.45 No.1

본 논문에서는 나노셀룰로오스의 일종으로 최근 가장 주목을 받고 있는 소재인 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스에 대하여 살펴보았다. 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스는 리그노셀룰로오스계 바이오매스의 셀룰로오스에서 유래한 섬유로 풍부하고, 재생가능하며, 지속 가능한 천연 소재의 일종이다. 주로 물리적 전처리에 의해 생성되며, 나노미터에서 마이크로미터에 이르는 다양한 소섬유들의 결합으로 이루어져 있다. 이로 인해 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스는 높은 표면적과, 높은 aspect ratio, 그리고 특이적인 용해성을 가지게 되고, 이는 전통적인 목재 산업 뿐만 아니라, 최신식의 식품/바이오/화학/의료 산업에 이르는 다양한 영역에의 적용 가능성을 보여주는 주요한 원인이 된다. 한편 이러한 응용력에도 불구하고, 아직 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스는 제조 시 필요한 높은 에너지량과 반응성 조절의 어려움 때문에 상업적으로 많은 주목을 받지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스의 기질에 대한 특성을 이해 및 구체화하고, 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스의 피브릴화도를 선택하며, 표면의 개량을 선택적으로 조절할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하는 연구가 필요할 것이다. 마이크로피브릴화 셀룰로오스가 향후 우리나라의 산업 전반에 걸쳐 활용될 수 있기를 기대해 본다. In this review, we focus on one of the most attractive biomaterials, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). MFC, a type of nanocellulose, mainly originates from cellulose in lignocellulosic biomass. MFC represents one of incredible important natural resources due to its abundancy, renewability, and sustainability. MFC is produced through mechanical pretreatment, and it is composed of various sizes of microfibers, ranging from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. Because of the heterogenetic compositions of MFC, it possesses superior properties as a material, such as high surface area, high aspect ratio, and peculiar insolubility as a biomaterial. These properties allow MFC to be used in various bio-industries, from the traditional pulp industry to the high-tech food/bio/chemical/medical industries. However, it is difficult to use MFC on a commercial scale owing to the high energy input required during its production and the challenge of controlling its reactivity. Therefore, future studies should be focused on accurately characterizing MFC`s surface morphologies, regulating its characteristics in a desirable direction, and standardizing proper guidelines for the analysis of surface morphologies its analysis.

일본의 커뮤니티 유니온의 현황과 법적 쟁점에 관한 검토

정영훈(Jung Young-Hoon) 한국노동법학회 2010 노동법학 Vol.0 No.36

Community Union is a unique form of labor union, which was created due to the flaw of Japan’s labor union system and the crises of labor movement and employment caused by that flaw. It is defined as “a labor union based on a community rather than a company or an industry with individual membership in principle.” Community union is a natural result of meeting workers’ needs, and was formed based on communities. Since these unions do not aim inter-organizational integrations or establishment of industry-specific labor unions, each community union is independent. Community unions major role is providing labor counseling and settling labor disputes. Community unions organize their members through labor counseling, work with members to settle labor disputes and expand their social influence by sensitively responding to new labor issues. In regards to legal basis of community unions, their legitimacy is questionable since all community unions give membership to unemployed. In addition, guaranteeing the right for collective bargaining to community unions and extending the concept of the right for collective bargaining are also important legal issues. Concrete implications of Japan's community union movement for Korea's stagnant labor movement and union-management relationship deserve a thorough evaluation in terms of movement theory. The first clause of article 33 of the Korean Constitution guarantees the three rights to labor more clearly than the Japanese Constitution. This fact deserves a modern interpretation. It is also essential to review the role of the government in guaranteeing the three rights to labor.

공무원 근로3권의 보장과 사실상노무에 종사하는 공무원의 개념에 관한 고찰

정영훈(Jung, Young-Hoon) 한양법학회 2013 漢陽法學 Vol.24 No.1

경영상 이유에 의한 해고 대상자의 선정기준에 관한 헌법적 검토

정영훈(Jung Young-hoon) 한국비교노동법학회 2014 노동법논총 Vol.30 No.-

This article focuses on drawing the legally restrictive standard of designating the workers who are to be laid off from the constitution, when the employer decides the dismissal of the workers for the administrative necessity based on the Constitution. Of which the part of consolidating the foundation of the law are to prevent the court from incoherently adjusting the factors to be considered as well as to define the standard drawn from the constitutional norms that legally constricts all the administrative institutions including the court itself. And these would be the most effective methodology for the decision of workers to be laid off though it is originally limited to some extent. In this regard, some points are examined to reach this conclusion, such as following: First, it is primarily regulated on Article 32 of the Constitution that workers should have the subjective rights to be protected from any dismissal including the redundancy. Accordingly, workers may require the legislation against arbitrary dismissal from the employer. It would account for the violation of the dismissal protective principle in either the case that the nation did not legislate the law regarding the prohibition of arbitrary dismissal or it was clear that the regulation was not effective enough. Second, the standards should always be fair and reasonable when to redundant the workers for managerial reasons based on the right to be protected against dismissal of the workers’ which is also drawn from Article 32 of the Constitution. Unless the decision was made through fair and reasonable procedure, the protection would be invalid. Third, fair and reasonable standard to decide the soon to be laid-off workers should be both in the employer’s and the workers’ interests. If the interest is biased with the employer’s, the decision would never be ‘fair and reasonable’ Fourth, one of the factors between workers’ livelihood protection and business interests could be considered as higher priority when to decide the dismissal in each practical situation whereas those factors should impartially considered from the first place in principle. Lastly, applying the objective standard to discern such factors is always difficult to manage in the legal field and accordingly this is always untenable. Yet, the essential factors regarding about the principle on the right to be protected against dismissal, as The Constitutional Federal Court as well as The Federal Labour Court in German acknowledges, should be the protective factors considering workers’ livelihood such as their age, period of their successive service or whether there is any dependant living with them.

직접고용원칙의 헌법적 근거에 관한 고찰

정영훈(Jung, Young-hoon) 인하대학교 법학연구소 2017 法學硏究 Vol.20 No.1

직접고용의 회피와 간접고용의 확산에 따라서 근로자들의 근로조건이 열악해짐에 따라서 고용관계의 형성을 지배하는 법적 원칙으로서 이른바 “직접고용의 원칙”이 주목되고 있다. 이 원칙을 주장하는 사람들은 고용과 사용이 분리되어 있는 근로자파견 그 자체를 강력하게 억제하고 근로계약상의 당사자가 아닌 사용사업주에 대해서 일정한 경우에는 근로계약상의 사용자와 동일한 책임을 부담하도록 하여야 한다고 한다. 이러한 주장이 노동정책적인 관점에서 볼 때에는 매우 타당한 것이라고 할지라도 입법적으로 관철되기 위해서는 직접고용의 원칙이 과연 어떠한 법규범적 근거와 위상을 가지고 있는지가 명확히 해명될 필요가 있다. 직접고용의 원칙이 단지 노동정책적 관점에서 선택가능한 정책 수단에 지나지 않을 경우에 이 원칙은 규범적 지위는 매우 약할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직접고용원칙이 헌법에서 보장하는 근로의 권리로부터 도출되는 것이라는 점을 증명함으로써 고용과 사용이 분리되는 근로관계인 파견근로관계를 법적으로 규율할 때 직접고용원칙이 반드시 준수되어야 한다는 점을 논증하려고 한다. 직접고용의 원칙이 근로의 권리에서 도출되는 것인 이상 국가는 고용과 사용이 분리되는 근로관계를 입법으로 규율할 때 항상 직접고용원칙에 따라야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 헌법 제32조에서 보장하고 있는 근로의 권리의 내용을 고용의 기회에 관한 권리, 근로관계의 유지·존속에 관한 권리, 근로조건에 관한 권리로 나누고, 각각의 내용을 확정한 다음, 이들 각 내용에서 직접고용원칙이 도출될 수 있는지를 검토하였다. 결론적으로는 고용과 사용이 분리되어 있는 근로관계에 있어서 이들 각각의 권리가 효과적이고 충분히 보장·실현되기 위해서는 직접고용의 원칙이 반드시 준수되어야 한다는 점을 논증하였다. As working conditions of employee get worse due to avoidance of direct employment and spread of indirect employment, “principle of the direct employment” has been drawing attentions as a legal principle governing an establishment of employment relationship. Those who advocate this principle argue that worker dispatching itself separated between hiring and using shall be strongly restrained and a user company shall be held responsible as same as a user on employment contract is in certain cases. For this argument to be translated into legislation, what legal normative basis and status the principle of the direct employment has should be clarified. This study aims to demonstrate that the principle of the direct employment shall be observed in legally regulating dispatch work relationship separated between hiring and using. That is because, as long as the principle of the direct employment is derived from the right to work, a state is always required to observe the principle of the direct employment in legally regulating a work relationship whose hiring and using are separated. This study divides the contents of right to work guaranteed in the Article 32 of Constitution into the right regarding opportunity of employment, the right regarding maintaining and continuing employment relationship, and the right regarding working conditions and defines the contents of each right. Based on the defined contents, it reviews whether the principle of the direct employment may be derived from the each content. In conclusion, it demonstrates that the principle of the direct employment shall be observed in order for each right to be effectively and sufficiently guaranteed and realized in a work relationship whose hiring and using are separated.

캡슐형 자동 화물 운송시스템 파이로트 개발

정영훈(Young-Hoon Jung),서상호(Sang-Ho Suh),김인복(In-Bok Kim) 한국유체기계학회 2018 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.7

남아프리카공화국 헌법상 사회적 기본권 침해 여부의 심사기준에 관한 연구

정영훈 ( Young Hoon Jung ) 한국법정책학회 2016 법과 정책연구 Vol.16 No.1

우리 헌법의 가장 중요한 특징 중에 하나는 자유권적 기본권으로 분류되는 기본권 외에도 사회적 기본권으로 분류되는 다양한 내용의 권리를 보장하고 있다. 하지만 사회적 기본권의 침해 여부를 판단하는 방법에 관해서 학설과 판례에서는 여전히 심사방법론이 확립되지 못하고 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 사회적 기본권의 침해 여부를 판단하는 심사방법론 에 관한 연구의 사전 작업으로서 남아프리카공화국 헌법재판소가 남아공 헌법상의 사회적 기본권의 침해 여부를 심사하면서 수립한 심사기준을 검토하여 일정한 시사점을 도출하고자 하는 것에 있다. 남아프리카공화국 헌법은 우리 헌법과 유사하게 다양한 사회적 기본권을 보장하고 있으면서 헌법재판를 통하여 침해 여부를 심사하는 독자적인 심사기준을 정립하고 있기 때문에 남아프리카공화국의 헌법재판소가 확립한 심사기준을 검토할 가치는 매우 높다. 남아프리카공화국 헌법재판소가 확립한 심사기준인 합리성심사는 사회적 기본권의 보장 목적 및 급부의 거부가 권리 주체에게 미치는 영향과 재정적 고려를 포함한 정부의 정책적 고려를 형량하면서 사회적 기본권의 침해 여부를 판단하는 것이다. 이러한 심사기준은 본질적인 측면에서 볼 때 비례성심사와 크게 다르지 않을 것이다. 이러한 점에서 남아프리카공확국 헌법재판소가 확립한 합리성심사는 사회적 기본권들의 권리 내용의 추상성으로 말미암아 제기되는 사회적 기본권에 대한 유력한 비판들을 극복하면서 설득력 있는 논증구조를 갖춘 사법심사가 가능할 수 있다는 시사를 준다. 하지만 남아프리카공화국 헌법재판소의 합리성심사에서는 인간다운 생존을 위한 최소한 삶의 조건에 대한 요구조차도 형량의 대상으로 삼고 있기 때문에 우리가 이를 응용하기 위해서는 형량의 천칭의 한편에 올려놓아야 할 사회적 기본권이 무엇이고, 그 내용이 무엇인지가 제대로 규명되어 있어야 한다. One of the most important characteristics of our Constitution is that it guarantees various rights classified as social rights apart from fundamental rights classified as civil liberties. However, methods of judicial review on whether social rights have been violated have not been established yet either by theories or by case-laws. The purpose of this thesis is to draw implications by reviewing the judicial review standard, established by the South African Constitutional Court as it reviewed the violation of social rights on the South African Constitution, as a preliminary work on methods of judicial review on the violation of social rights. It is highly valuable to review the judicial review standard established by the South African Constitutional Court because the South African Constitution guarantees various social rights as our Constitution does and it has its own judicial review standard established through the Constitutional trial. The reasonableness test established by the South African Constitutional Court determines whether social rights have been violated by balancing what the purpose of guarantee of social rights and denial of benefits of the rights have effects on the subject of rights, and public policy considerations including financial one by the government. Essentially, such review standard is not that different from a proportionality test. In that regard, the reasonableness test established by the South African Constitutional Court suggests that a judicial review equipped with persuasive argumentation structure, which overcomes powerful criticism on social rights caused by the abstract nature of contents of social rights, is feasible. However, since the reasonableness test of the South African Constitutional Court subjects minimum requirements for living to maintain human survival to balancing, in order for us to apply it, it shall be identified that what social rights should be put on the one pair of scale for balancing and what contents the social rights should have.

근대 한국에서의 ‘단군민족주의’

정영훈 ( Jung Young-hoon ) 한국민족운동사학회 2001 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.29 No.-

This article discusses the the problems related to the 'Dangun nationalism’ which has played a significant role in the Korean people's development as a nation as well as Korea’s modernization process and its pursuit of unification. ‘Dangun nationalism’ refers to a strong national consciousness, as well as ideological, political and cultural movements that have promoted unity and development based on a national identity which regards Korean people as 'descendants of Dangun’. ‘Dangun nationalism’ has a history much older than Samgukyusa(三國遺事) and Jewangungi(帝王韻紀) both of which provide early written accounts on the nation's foundation. Dangun Nationalism was somewhat subdued by the flunkeyism that characterized Korean relations toward China during the medieval age, but it was popularly restored in the 19th century and stimulate the Korean people’s patriotism and national consciousness. During the period of Japanese colonial rule, it played a central role in arousing public sentiments to resist foreign encroachment and attain independence. In the closing years of the Joseon dynasty, the populace began to embrace a growing consciousness that they were descendants of Dangun, which led to various developments, including the establishment of social organizations, related lo public awareness efforts and academic studies on ‘Dangun nationalism’. Notable among these campaigns were a religious movement spearheaded by Daejonggyo(大倧敎) and a nationalist academic movement led by Sin Chae-ho(申采浩). In Korea’s modem history, nationalism and modernization owe much to 'Dangun nationalism’ for their growth and acceptance. First, in the development process of the Korean people from a pre-modem nation lacking in national consciousness to a modem nation armed with a dynamic national consciousness, 'Dangun nationalism' were significant influences. Second, Dangun nationalism’ significantly contributed to bolstering Korea's capability to wage its struggle for national independence. Third, 'Dangun nationalism’ contributed to changing Korea's medieval and feudal structure to a modem democratic system Fourth, ‘Dangun nationalism' rendered both emotional and theoretical support to the movements for Korean national solidarity and independence following the Samil Independence Movement. Following the establishment of the Republic of Korea in 1948, ‘Dangun nationalism1 served as an institutionalized mechanism for national integration with the adoption of Gaecheonjeol(開天節) as one of the country's four major national holidays, hongikingan(弘益人間) as a guiding principle for education, and the Dangun era(檀紀) for official use. While ‘Dangun nationalism’ has since shown signs of decline in South Korea amid rapid Westernization and the prevalence of individualism and globalism, North Korea seems to continue to give it weight as a regime ideology. For the impending tasks of realizing the unification of North and South Korea, forming a commonwealth for the Korean race, establishing a refined Korean national identity, and renewing the moral integrity of the nation, the ‘Dangun nationalism’ still promises to play an essential role. As a valued resource of the nation, the Dangun nationalism’ will live on as long as the Korean people exist.

복수노조 하에서 중립유지의무와 공정대표의무의 관계에 관한 검토 - 부산고등법원 2018. 12. 13. 선고 2018나11667 판결을 소재로 -

정영훈(Jung, Young-Hoon) 한양법학회 2021 漢陽法學 Vol.32 No.3

It is very difficult to determine whether unfair labor practices are established around discrimination among unions in multiple union systems. This is due to the following circumstances: The first is that the conditions presented by the user apply in common to multiple unions, and to all members of these unions. That is, the working conditions (or the application of the working conditions) are neutral in the scale, propensity, and athletic lines of the trade unions that exist in plural. The user will attempt to present neutral conditions to create an appearance that intentionally does not discriminate against a union. Second, it is not easy to assess that the working conditions (or the application conditions of the working conditions) presented by the user are clearly unreasonable. It would be very difficult to assess it as unreasonable if it presents reasonable content in corporate management, for example, conditions such as cooperating in improving productivity or in cooperating in labor-management reconciliation as a precondition. Third, it is left to the union or its members to decide whether to accept these conditions. In other words, the disadvantage of not accepting is the result of the independent and free judgment of the union and its members. The logic previously used to determine whether such unfair labor practices are established is a duty to maintain neutrality. However, the violation of the obligation to maintain neutrality is controversial in that it is a law established in Japanese academia and precedent since it was presented in the ruling on the Nissan Motor case by the Supreme Court. In other words, Japan and South Korea guarantee three labor rights in the Constitution, including collective bargaining rights, but Korea adopts a single bargaining window system, and Japan adopts an individual bargaining system, so there is room for understanding that the neutral obligation can be applied to discrimination cases caused by unification of bargaining windows Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between the neutral maintenance obligation and the fair representative obligation under multiple unions. This paper confirmed that unfair labor practices and violations of fair representative obligations are not mutually exclusive because neutral maintenance obligations are homogeneous to fair representative obligations and violations of fair representative obligations cannot be declared to constitute unfair labor practices. If a employer uses collective bargaining as an opportunity to unfairly discriminate against a particular union and its members, the union and union members Unions and union members can receive relief through the fair representation duty system or through the unfair labor practice system for violation of the duty to maintain neutrality.