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Tram Passive Signal Priority Strategy based on the MAXBAND Model
정영제,김영찬 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.5
This research proposes a new tram progression model, TRAMBAND, which is a passive tram signal priority strategy. TRAMBAND was formulated based on the MAXBAND model, which is a traditional arterial signal optimization model tomaximize bandwidth. A tram that leaves a station during an appointed green time can arrive at subsequence station withoutexperiencing intersection delays and stops by using the tram bandwidth. In order to guarantee a desired green time for other roadusers and minor streets, the TRAMBAND model determines the traffic signal timings for tram passive priority using only a left-turnphase sequence and offset. This strategy also maximizes the general vehicles bandwidth in the context of the fixed tram bandwidth ina median tram rail. The tram dwell-time and its variability influence the efficiency of the passive priority. In this study, the stop timeat station is divided by the dwell-time and waiting time. The tram has to wait at station during the waiting time after the dwell-time;however, the waiting time is used as slack time to absorb the dwell-time variability and to maximize the general vehicle bandwidth. The case study is based on nine signalized intersections and a micro-simulator VISSIM, wherein it demonstrates that the proposedtram priority model, TRAMBAND, is capable of computing signal timings so as to avoid intersection delays and stops of tram andmaintain the general vehicle bandwidth.
도시부 간선도로의 고정식 트램 우선신호를 위한 교통신호운영 전략
정영제,김영찬,김대호 한국ITS학회 2011 한국ITS학회논문지 Vol.10 No.1
본 논문은 도시부 간선도로의 트램을 위한 고정식 우선신호 전략으로 트램의 연동모형 MAXBAND MILP-Tram을 제시하였다. MAXBAND MILP-Tram은 전통적인 간선도로 연동모형인 MAXBAND를 기반으로 하고 있으며, 중앙트램 전용차로의 트램과 일반차로의 승용차 모두를 위한 이중화된 연동폭을 산정할 수 있다. 본 모형은 일반차량 대비 낮은 속도와 정류장 정차시간이 포함되는 통행시간을 가지는 트램 통행특성을 고려하여 연동폭을 산정할 수 있다. 중앙트램전용차로에서는 현시순서에 따라 트램의 녹색시간이 크기를 달리하게 되며, 이를 제약조건으로 표현하였다. 미시적 시뮬레이션 효과분석을 수행하여 트램 연동모형의 효과분석을 위한 트램과 교차로의 제어지체와 사람당 제어지체 변화를 확인하였다. MAXBAND MILP-Tram으로 산출된 신호시간을 VISSIM에 적용한 결과 MAXBAND MILP-2 대비 트램의 차량당 평균 제어지체는 57%가 감소된 결과를 나타내었으나, 교차로 평균 제어지체의 경우 일반차량의 연동폭이 감소함에 따라 MILP-Tram은 MILP-2 대비 18% 증가된 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 일반차량의 교통량 변화를 이용한 민감도 분석에서는 과포화 상태에 근접함에 따라 MAXBAND MILP-Tram과 같이 옾셋과 현시순서만을 변경시키는 우선신호 기법은 사람당 지체를 감소시킬 수 있는 유용한 수단임을 확인하였다. This research proposes new tram signal coordination model, called MAXBAND MILP-Tram for a passive tram signal priority strategy. The proposed model was formulated based on the MAXBAND model that was a traditional arterial signal optimization model. The model could calculate the bandwidth solutions for both general-purpose-lane traffic and median-tram-lane traffic. Lower progression speed are applied for the tram traffic considering lower running speed and dwell time at the stations. A phase sequence procedure determines the green times and left-turn phase sequences for tram traffic in median tram lane. To estimate the performance of the MILP-Tram model, the control delay of trams were estimated using the micro simulation model, VISSIM. The analysis results showed 57 percent decrease of the tram compared to the conventional signal timing model. The delay for car, however, increased 18 percent. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the passive tram signal priority strategy using the offset and phase sequence optimization was effective in reducing the person delay under the congested traffic condition.