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중국 국가이미지가 관광지 이미지와 행동의도에 미치는 영향 -잠재적인 한국 관광객을 중심으로-
정수욱 ( Zheng Shu-yu ),송광인 ( Song Gwan-gin ) 한국관광산업학회 2021 Tourism Research Vol.46 No.4
본 연구는 코로나19 사태로 인해 중국의 국가이미지가 관광지 이미지, 행동의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 조사하는 것이다. 연구의 목적은 해외 잠재 관광객들의 관광지의 열망에 영향을 미치는 요인과 포스트 코로나 시대의 행동의도를 파악하고자 한다. 이를 진행하기 위해 중국관광지에 관광 경험이 있거나 관광할 예정인 잠재적 한국 관광객을 대상으로 인터넷 설문지를 배포하는 방식으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간은 2021년 7월 8일부터 2021년 9월 7일까지 두 달 간 조사를 실시했으며 256부의 설문지를 배포하고, 분석에 적합하지 않은 미 회수된 35부의 설문지를 제외한 221부의 설문지를 실증분석에 활용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국가이미지가 관광지 이미지에 유의한 영향을 미치고, 그 중에서 문화적 요인이 가장 현저한 영향을 미친다는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 국가이미지는 관광객의 행동 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치고, 그 중에서 문화적 요인, 사회적 요인이 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 관광지 이미지는 행동의도에 유의한 영향을 미치고, 그 중 정서적 이미지가 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study aimed to explore the impact of the Chinese national image behave on the destination image and behavior intention. The purpose of the study is to understand the factors affecting the aspirations of potential overseas tourists and their behavioral intentions in the post COVID-19 era. For fulfill the purposes of this study, potential Korean experienced or prospective tourists intending to visit Chinese tourist attractions were surveyed by the distribution of online questionnaires. The survey lasted from 8 July 2021 to 7 September 2021, and 221 questionnaires except 35 unrecovered questionnaires unsuitable for analysis, 221 were used for empirical analysis. According to the research results: first, it shows that the national image has a significant impact on the image of tourist attractions, among which cultural factors are the most significant impact. Secondly, the national image has a significant impact on the behavior intention of tourists, among which cultural and social factors have a significant influence. Third, the image of tourist attractions has a significant impact on the behavior intention, among which the emotional image has a significant influence.
뇌혈류 영상용 방사성의약품 PRODD의 99mTc 표지 및 생체내분포
고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),정재민(Jae Min Jeong),조정혁(Jung Hyuck Cho),오승준(Seung Joon Oh),정수욱(Soo Wook Chung) 대한핵의학회 1995 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.29 No.3
N/A Tc-99m labeled PnAO(propylene amine oxime) derivatives have been widely studied as brain perfusion agents. We synthesized and characterized a PnAO derivative, (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza- 3,9,dimethylundecane-2,l0-dione bisoxime(PRODD). Proton-NMR spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography(silence gel) were performed for its characterization PRODD was 1abeled with Tc- 99m using stannous chloride as reducing agent. The labeling efficiency was determined to be about 85%. Brain uptakes of 4.16±0.42 %ID/g and 3.24±0.13 %ID/g were found after l0min and 30min after intravenous injection. Brain-to-blood ratios were 1.17 and 0.75 at 10 and 30 minutes, which were lower than 1.3 and 1.9 of the ratios with commercial Tc-99m-HMPAO. Autoradiographs of rat brain sections showed the gray matter to white matter ratios of 1.13±0.10 at 30 min after intravenous injection, which was lower than 1.94±0.19 of commercial Tc-99m-HMPAO. With the above findings, we concluded that the lipophilic Tc-99m-PRODD complex was able to cross the blood-brain barrier, however the complex showed lower uptake than Tc-99m-HMPAO in mouse or rat brains. We Could suggest possibility that PRODD could be used as another Tc-99m chelator.
Dione Bisoxime 계통의 화합물에 대한 테크네슘표지 원리에 관한 연구
고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),이경한(Kyung Han Lee),정재민(Jae Min Jeong),곽철은(Cheol Eun Kwark),오승준(Seung Joon Oh),정수욱(Soo Wook Chung),조정혁(Jung Hyuk Cho) 대한핵의학회 1995 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.29 No.1
N/A Tc-99m Labeled hexamethylenepropyleneamineoxime ([Tc-99m-HAMPAO) is a famous amine -oxime compound and is widely used to construct SPECT images of cerebral blood flow. To investigate the relationship between chemical structure and radiolabeling in these kind of diamine -oxime compounds, we synthesized seven compounds by Schiff's base formation and successive reduction with sodium borohydride. They wese (RR/SS)-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane- 2,10-dione bisoxime (2), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,9-dimethy-lundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (4), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,10-dimethyldodecane-2,11-dione bisoxime (6), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza- 3,6,6,8-tetramethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (8), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-5,6-cyclohexyl-3,8-dime- thyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime(10),(RR/SS/meso)-3,4-bis (l-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-l-butyl)-benzoic acid (12), and (RR/SS/meso)-2,3-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-l-butyl) benzophenone (14). Chem- ical structures of al1 the synthesized compounds were identified by taking 1H spectrum. Among them, 2 and 4 are propyleneamine oxime(PnAO), 6 is butyleneamine oxime(BnAO) and 8, 10, 12 and 14 are ethyleneamine oxime (EnAO), Each compound (0.5 mg) was incubated with stannous chloride(0.5 g - 8 g), carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (final concentration = 0.1 M, pH7 - pH 10 ) and Tc-9mm- pertechenate ( 1 ml). Tc-99m labeling of these compounds were checked by ITLC (acetone), ITLC (normal saline), reverse phase TLC (50% acetonitrile) and ITLC (ethyl acetate). According to the results, EnAO's were not labeled by Tc-99m in any of above condition. About 11 % of maximum labeling efficiency was obtained with BnAO. However, 4 (PnAO) was labeled with Tc-99m to 85 % which is similar to the labeling efficiency of 2 (HMPAO). Hydrophilic impurity (9 %) was the most significant problem with the labeling of 4, however, pertechnetate (3 %) and colloid (3 %) were minor problem. In conclusion, we synthesized seven diamine bisoxime compounds, Among them, four EnAO compounds were not labeled by Tc-99m. A BnAO was labeled poor.
두뇌혈류영상용 방사성의약품인 Ethylcystein Dimer ( ECD ) 의 합성과 99mTc 표지 및 뇌단일광자단층영상 구성
고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),이경한(Kyung Han Lee),정재민(Jae Min Jeong),곽철은(Cheol Eun Kwark),조정혁(Jung Hyuck Cho),정수욱(Soo Wook Chung) 대한핵의학회 1994 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.28 No.2
N/A Et.hylcystein dimer(ECD) was synthesized by dimerization of L-thiazo1idine-4-carboxylic acid in liquid ammania with sodium metal and successive esterification in ethanolic solution of hydrogen chlorde. The purified product was labeled with Tc in the presence of sodium glucarate(pH=5.6) and stannous chloride. Best result was obtained from the preparation consisting of O.lmg ECD, 40 ul of 0.4M sodium glucarate (pH=5.6), and 20 ug of stannous chloride. The labeling efficiency was 90% with previous condition. The labeled 99mTc-ECD was stable at least for 3 hours in PBS(pH 7.4) at roorn temperature. About. 10mCi of 99mTc-ECD was inject.ed to normal volunteer, and SPECT image of brain was obtained by triple head camera 10 minutes after inectian. The image showed similar distribution of radioact.ivity in brain with that of HMPAO image.
새로운 심근관류 영상 화합물로서 99mTc - Ethyl - 3 - Isocyanobutyrate의 합성 , 표지 및 체내동태에 대한 연구
고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),임상무(Sang Moo Lim),이경한(Kyung Han Lee),정재민(Jae Min Jeong),조정혁(Jung Hyuck Cho),오승준(Seung Joon Oh),정수욱(Soo Wook Chung) 대한핵의학회 1993 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.27 No.2
N/A Technetium labeled isonitrile analogues are widely used as myocardial perfusion imaging agents. We synthesized and characterized a new isonitrile compound, ethyl 3-isocyanobutyrate (EIB). Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography with a C18 coat was performed. EIB was easily labeled with 99mTcO4-with sodium dithionite. The labeling efficiency measured by RP-HPLC was over 95%. The labeled product was stable with dilution in normal saline and with prolonged incubation at room temperature. There was no formation of secondary products or free 99mTcO4. In vivo kinetics study of Tc-99m(I) labeled EIB in rabbits showed adequate myocardial uptake, good contrast against lung background, and relatively rapid liver clearance. The heart to lung ratio was over 2.5 and the heart to liver ratio was approximately from 0.4 to 5 at 60 minutes post injection. Hepatic clearance of Tc-99m-MIBI was faster (t1/2,=6 minutes) than that of Tc-99m-MIBI. In vivo kinetics observed in dog was similar to that in rabbit but there was faster gallbladder filling, and thus lower liver background. SPECT imaging of the canine myocardium showed favorable imaging characteristics. However, biodistribution in mice demonstrated a myocardial % injected dose/organ of less than 0.1%. This was thought to be due to interspecies difference in plasma esterase activity. In human plasma, Tc-99m(I) labeled EIB was stable for at least 2 hours, without production of secondary products by HPLC. We conclude that ethyl 3-isocyanobutyrate may be a potential new myocardial perfusion imaging agent and deserves further investigation as to its usefulness for clinical use.