조선왕조실록 밀납본의 보존상태 조사

정소영,이혜윤,정용재,홍정기,엄두성,Jeong, So-Young,Lee, Hye-Yun,Chung, Yong-Jae,Hong, Jung-Ki,Eom, Doo-Sung 국립문화재연구소 2004 保存科學硏究 Vol.25 No.-

Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is the authentic record of the historical facts and events taken place throughout the entire period of 472 years(25 generations, 1392~1863)described in a chronological order. The tremendous volume of the records contains the factual events taken place in almost all the fields of the Joseon Dynasty ranging from politics, economy to history of the dynasty. Not only because of its affluent contents but also with the precision of its records, it was designated as the National Treasure No. 151 in1973 by the Korean government and also registered as the Memory of the World by UNESCO in October 1997.This study is to report a exhaustive investigation results on the conservation state of annals of the Joseon Dynasty, especially Mt. Jeongjoksan edition, under the storage of the Kyujanggak in order to obtain the current condition, and thereby to estimate the any deterioration of the waxed volumes in the future. According to results of the investigation, we are going to verify damage causes of annals of the Joseon Dynasty, and to consider scientific conservation methods for the permanent preservation of invaluable cultural heritage. The major problem with the preservation of annals has arisen particularly from the deterioration of the waxed volumes of the Mt. Jeongjoksan edition. In order to provide for the counter measures for this problem, we have conducted twice investigations(first :1998~1999, second : 2003) to the internal and external conditions of waxed volumes(Annals of King Taejo~Annals of King Myeongjong).The result of the investigation has indicated that the paper quality of the some of the waxed volumes (Annals of King Taejong~Annals of King Sejong) is cracked and folded and the pages are imbedded to each other due to the hardened or congealed wax on the paper. Some of the pages are even getting moldy. And in order to detect as to whether“ there has been any deterioration progressed to the waxed books in the modern storage facility of the Kyujanggak equipped with constant temperature and humidity condition, the first investigation(1998~1999) and the second investigation(2003) have recorded the values of acidity, whiteness and moisture rate of the waxed paper, reporting an observation that there has been no difference on the measuring items. This indicates that no virtual deterioration has been progressed so far to the waxed volumes preserved in the Kyujanggak. Also, except for the causes of deterioration to the paper by insects and microorganisms, the major cause for the paper damage seems to the change of moisture of the paper caused from the alteration of the temperature and humidity of the storage environment. With this understanding in mind, we have conducted an environmental investigation on the three selected points of the storage in the aspects of the temperature, humidity, air current, $CO_2$,HCHO, and $SO_2$.It has been observed that the temperature stood at $16.9^{\circ}C~20.2^{\circ}C$ and the humidity was stable between 53%~56% during the period of the investigation. The concentration of the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide of the storage were very similar to those in the air. These data lead to presume that there is no problem in the aspect of carbon oxidization. But the concentration of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde of the storage were detected a little higher than those of standard. Therefore, we consider that it is necessary to ventilate the internal air of the store room by means of operating air purification devices.

아시아권 문화재 보존과학 협력과정(ACPCS, 2005)에 대한 소개 및 운영 결과

정소영,정용재,김용한,Jeong, So-Young,Chung, Yong-Jae,Kim, Yong-Han 국립문화재연구소 2005 保存科學硏究 Vol.26 No.-

The National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage(NRICH) conducted the Asia Cooperation Programme in Conservation Science(ACPCS) to facilitate and promote the regional cooperation in the conservation of cultural heritage among Asian countries. This course was promoted to provide an opportunity to study and work together, also to share a knowledge and experience in conservation field. The target countries were from 17 Asian countries, and this year our selection committee selected 2 specialist in cultural heritage conservation field and selected persons had participated in the ACPCS course during three months. NRICH provided the round-trip airline tickets, overseas travel accident insurance and a living allowance to the course participants. And we requested programme announcement to Korean National Commission for UNESCO and Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade to progress favorably. This course period was three months from 29 August to 25 November, and the fields were conservation and restoration of tangible cultural heritage such as metal conservation, stone conservation, material analysis, DNA analysis, dating, biological control management of cultural heritage, environmental monitoring and so on.

해인사의 흰개미 모니터링 및 방제 방안

정소영,이규식,정용재,Jeong, So-Young,Lee, Kyu-Shik,Chung, Yong-Jae 국립문화재연구소 2002 保存科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects, especially termites. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. In Korea, we primarily use mvestigation of monitoring, fumigation, treatment of insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals, soil termiticide treatment, and termite colony elimination system. As damages by termites were detected at Eunghyanggak and Saundang of Haeinsa temple in June, 1998, we carried out monitoring with wooden device, in order to investigate damages of wooden building by termite and paths of termite invasion. According to the result of investigation of monitoring from1999 to 2002, we found that termites were inhabiting continually at forests around Haeinsa and that wooden buildings such as Saundang, Cheonghwadang were damaged by termites. So we thought that control methods such as soil termiticide treatment and termite colony elimination system would be effective. Especially, to investigate efficacy of termite colony elimination system, we carried out efficacy test of termite colony elimination system in Jongmyo during 17 months(2000.7.~2001.11.). The result of efficacy test showed that termite colony elimination system eliminated termite colonies gradually(over 12 months from installation of colony elimination system to elimination of termite colony).

녹즙추출물의 아질산염 소거능에 대한 연구

정소영(So-Yong Chung),김낙경(Nak-Kyung Kim),윤선(Sun Yoon) 한국식품영양과학회 1999 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

녹즙재료로 많이 이용되는 신선초, 케일, 당근으로 제조한 녹즙으로부터 생리활성물질을 분석한 결과 신선초, 케일 및 당근추출물의 아질산염 소거능은 14.0~91.2%로 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 수용성 획분보다는 메탄올 가용성 획분에서 유의적으로 높았으며, pH는 산성(1.2)에서 그 효과가 가장 우수하였다. 이 추출물들의 항산화성분 함량 분석결과 케일 녹즙추출물은 비타민 E 및 비타민 C의 함량이 다른 녹즙추출물에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. The objectives of this study were to investigate biological activities such as nitrite scavenging effect of water and methanol fractions obtained from each green juice(Angelica keiskei, kale, carrot) under different pH conditions, and antioxidant vitamin contents in green juice made of green yellow vegetables. The result shows that nitrite scavenging effect of each green juice was 14.0~91.2% in model system. The methanol fraction provided higher effect than the water fraction. The nitrite degradation was the highest at pH 1.2. Nitrite scavenging effect of methanol fraction obtained from kale juice was 91.2% at pH 1.2 which was the highest among tested samples in this experiments. Consequently, extracts of kale juice were shown to provide the greatest functional properties among the vegetables tested. Contents of vitamine E and C in the extracts of kale were higher than the others.

국내 채소류의 질산염 함량 분석

정소영(So-Yong Chung),소유섭(You-Sub Sho),김미혜(Meehye Kim),원경풍(Kyoung-Poong Won),홍무기(Moo-ki Hong) 한국식품영양과학회 1999 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

질산염은 토양으로부터 식물에 흡수되어 단백질합성에 이용되는 필수성분이나 그 안전성에 대하여 논란이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 생산되는 채소류의 질산염(NO₃^-) 함량을 조사하여 잔류실태를 파악하고 외국의 모니터링 자료와 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 전국에서 생산되는 배추, 무, 상치, 시금치를 재배시기에 따라 각각 100건씩 총 400건을 채취, ion chromatography를 이용하여 질산염 함량을 측정하였다. 조사결과 재배시기에 따른 채소류의 질산염함량은 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 채소종류별 질산염 함량은 시금치 311~5522(평균 2788㎎/㎏), 상치 542~4484(평균 2287㎎/㎏), 무 273~4151(평균 1551㎎/㎏), 배추 362~3015(평균 1498㎎/㎏)순으로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 국내 채소류의 질산염 함량 은 외국의 모니터링 결과와 유사하거나 낮은 수준으로, 국내 채소류의 질산염은 식물에 정상적으로 존재하는 함량으로 건강에 위해가 없는 것으로 판단된다. Nitrate is taken up from the soil by plants for protein synthesis and present in vegetables as a natural component and/or contaminant. The objective of this study was to estimate nitrate(NO₃^-) contents of some vegetables(Chinese cabbage, radish, lettuce, spinach) which were produced in Korea and to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of risk to public health arising from dietary exposure to nitrate. A total of 400 samples were analysed for nitrate contents using our ion chromatography. From the results, in general, nitrate levels in vegetables produced by 2 harvest seasons were not different. The minimum, maximum and mean values of nitrate were 311, 5522 and 2788 for spinach; 542, 4484 and 2287 for lettuce; 273, 4151 and 1551 for radish; 362, 3015 and 1498(㎎/㎏) for Chinese cabbage. Nitrate contents of vegetables grown in Korea were similar to those of vegetables grown in other countries.

녹즙의 항산화 영양성분 분석

정소영(So-Yong Chung),김현위(Hyeon-Wee Kim),윤선(Sun Yoon) 한국식품과학회 1999 한국식품과학회지 Vol.31 No.4

목조문화재의 원형보존을 위한 충해 방제방안

이규식,정소영,정용재,Lee, Kyu-Sik,Jeong, So-Young,Chung, Yong-Jae 국립문화재연구소 2000 保存科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

유통 생약재의 아플라톡신 모니터링

김용훈(Yong-Hoon Kim),강한샘(Han-Saem Kang),오선우(Sun-Woo Oh),이화정(Hwa-Jung Lee),김미경(Mi-Gyeong Kim),정소영(So-Young Chung),최선희(Seon-Hee Choi),방수진(Su-Jin Bang),한경진(Kyung-Jin Han),이지원(Ji-Won Lee),김영선(Young-Seon Kim 한국식품과학회 2010 한국식품과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

고시된 아플라톡신 시험법의 정량한계, 검출한계를 개선한 분석법을 유효화하였으며, 개선한 분석법으로 강활, 개자 등의 생약 400개의 시료를 분석하였다. 사군자와 제니 각 1건에서 아플라톡신 B₁이 각 2.3 μg/kg 검출되었으며, 사군자와 대풍자 1건에서 정량한계 미만의 아플라톡신이 검출되었다. 탕제로의 이행률은 아플라톡신 B₁의 경우 약 20% 정도의 이행률을 나타냈다. 아플라톡신 B₁ 기준치보다 낮게 검출되어 현재까지는 아플라톡신으로부터 안전한 것으로 판단되었다. This study was conducted to monitor aflatoxins in various medicinal herbs, providing available data for the safety of those products. To monitor aflatoxins in medicinal herbs, a total of 400 samples of 40 different herbs were collected in commercial retailers in Seoul, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, and Busan from March to August, 2008. The samples that passed the sensory evaluation were tested for aflatoxins. Aflatoxins in samples were analyzed by HPLCflorescence coupled with photochemical enhancement. Samples were extracted with 70% methanol and then diluted to the appropriate concentration. A refining process was performed using an immunoaffinity column. The analytical method used in this study was validated. The R2 value for aflatoxin B1 was 0.99946, and the detection range was from 0.25 to 10.0ng/mL. The accuracy of the analysis was ranged from 83.2% to 101.8%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) in the aflatoxin B1 analysis was 3.4%, demonstrating the precision of this method. In addition, the detection limit and quantitative analysis limit of aflatoxin B1 was 0.53 μg/kg and 1.76 μg/kg, respectively. These results indicated that the analytical method used in this study was appropriate. The results of HPLC showed that 1% (4 samples) of the samples may contain aflatoxins. The concentration of quantified aflatoxin was 2.3 μg/kg for both Quisqualis fructus and Remotiflori radix samples. The other samples were below the limit of quantification. Moreover, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 which is made by specific fungi were below the level of regulation. Only 20% of aflatoxin B1 were transferred to hot water. Therefore, the levels of aflatoxins in medicinal herbs were considered to be safe especially considering the aflatoxin transfer ratio.

목조건조물의 흰개미 모니터링 및 방제방법

이규식,정소영,정용재,Lee, Kyu-Shik,Jeong, So-Young,Chung, Yong-Jae 국립문화재연구소 2001 保存科學硏究 Vol.22 No.-

The wooden building is mainly damaged by the termite which have an effect of the structure by making emptied inner part of wood. One class, Japanese termite, inhabits throughout Korea and is often detected. So the deterioration by termite attacking the wooden building needs to be controlled. Termites are over 2,800 species in the world, usually they inhabit in the tropical or subtropical region and don’t over winter in dormant condition. So their activity and distribution are chiefly restricted by temperature and humidity. The termite inhabiting in Korea is Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto, which known to have an optimal temperature range at $12~30^{\circ}C$ and minimum temperature at $6^{\circ}C$ for activation. These temperatures correspond to the mean temperature($5.6^{\circ}C$~$25.8^{\circ}C$) from March to November and the activity time of termitein Seoul. In addition, as a result of environmental pollution by industrial development, the climate of Korea is getting warm. The increase of mean temperature in Korea has been $1.1^{\circ}C$ for the past seventy five years, so it is expected that the damage of wooden building by termite will increase gradually. Therefore, in order to protect wooden building from damages by termite, it needs not only development of new pest control methods, but also studies on the control of environmental factors having an effect on the activity and growth of termite. For the conservation of the large cultural properties such as the wooden building in the open air, it would be effective to use the methods of fumigation, insecticidal and antiseptic chemical treatment of wood materials, soil termiticideinjection treatment, and termite colony elimination system.

서울지역 유통판매 중인 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 위해 미생물 오염도 조사

김희연(Hee-Yun Kim),오선우(Seon-Woo Oh),정소영(So-Young Chung),최선희(Seon-Hee Choi),이지원(Ji-Won Lee),양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang),서은채(Eun-Chae Seo),김용훈(Yong-Hoon Kim),박희옥(Hee-Ok Park),양철용(Cheul-Young Yang),하상철(Sang-Chul Ha) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.1

국내에 유통되고 있는 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품에 대한 미생물 모니터링 검사를 실시하고자 식품품목별로 일반세균수, E. coli 정성 및 정량, S. aureus 정량, B. cereus group 정량, L. monocytogenes 정성 및 정량검사를 실시하였다. 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품은 해산물함유, 육류함유, 빵류, 밥류, 샐러드류, 신선편의식품류로 유형을 분류하고 식품군별 미생물 오염도를 비교분석하였다. 일반 세균수에서는 대부분 3-5 log CFU/g의 오염분포를 보였으며, 가장 높은 오염도와 유의적인 차이를 보이면서 가장 높은 평균값(4.4 log CFU/g이상)를 보인 품목은 빵류, 밥류와 신선편의식품이었다. E. coli는 밥류 2건에서 식품기준 및 규격을 초과하였으며, S. aureus은 해산물함유 1건 및 빵류 1건에서 식품공전 기준 및 규격 이상을 초과하여 이들 식품군들의 식품위생관리가 더 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 식중독균은 계절에 상관없이 E. coli, S. aureus 및 B. cereus group의 오염도를 꾸준히 보이고 있으며, 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 미생물오염 관리는 계절에 상관없이 개인위생 및 환경위생에 지속적인 관리가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 미생물적 안전성확보를 위해서는 제조업체의 생산단계부터 사용재료에 대한 정확한 분석, 운반과정에 대한 관리, 제조 및 유통단계에서의 위생관리 등 전반적인 위생관리가 적용되어할 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to examine microbiological contamination of ready-to-eat products and to propose a draft-standard and specifications according to food types. RTE foods were classified into 6 groups including fish products, meat products, breads, rices, salads, and fresh cut foods. The prevalence rates of pathogens detected from all samples were compared among food categories. The pH ranges for all RTE samples were between 3.8 and 7.3. Total aerobic cell counts ranged from 2 to 6 log CFU/g. Bread, rice and fresh-cut foods showed significantly higher counts, which ranged above 4.0 log CFU/g among the samples. Two kinds of rice were above the level of the KFDA Food Code standard for Eschrichia coli. The prevalence rate of E. coli in the rice was 6.7%. For Staphylococcus aureus, one fish product and one bread-product had levels above 2 log CFU/g. Bacillus cereus counts for all samples were below the level of 3 log CFU/g. Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in the samples. Therefore, these data suggest that the primary microbial hazard factors for ready-to-eat foods and risk assessments should focus on E. coli, S. aureus, and B. cereus.