‘역사전쟁’의 序 : 김영삼 정권의 역사바로세우기

정무용(Jeong, Moo-yong) 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 2021 중앙사론 Vol.- No.54

Kim Young-sam administration formalized historical liquidation through the review of modern history for the first time at the government level through ‘making history right.’ The historical liquidation work of the Kim Young-sam administration needs to be positioned as the beginning of the government-level liquidation of past history. Kim Young-sam’s insistence on ‘making history right’ and liquidation of the 5th and 6th governments was also a political choice to solidify his political position. In the process, there was a backlash from conservative forces inside and outside the Democratic Liberal Party(New Korea Party), which also led to the reorganization of the conservative political forces. And in the end, due to the reality of the Kim Young-sam regime and the economic crisis, a reaction to the historical liquidation work called ‘Park Chung-hee Syndrome’ appeared. This article connects the context of ‘making history right’, one of the reform policies developed during the Kim Young-sam administration with the 5.18 special law enactment, the trial of Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo, and amnesty. It examines how historical awareness functions in the process of compromise and is selectively used for political purposes. It also describes the process in which conservative forces were reorganized as a reaction to the Kim Young-sam regime’s work to clean up history and finally ‘the Park Chung-hee syndrome’ emerged.

1970년대 중·고등학교 평준화 정책의 시행과 `교육격차`

정무용 ( Jeong Moo Yong ) 역사문제연구소 2013 역사문제연구 Vol.17 No.1

This article examines progress of the middle-high school equalization policy in 1970s and analyzes the purpose of the policy, above the reform of entrance examination system. In 1968, the middle school equalization policy was embarked on in Seoul, and in 1973, the high school equalization policy was implemented in Seoul and Busan. The main point of the policy was the equalization of quality of school facilities and teachers. The Department of Education expanded and improved facilities of schools by not permitting to recruit freshmen if the certain school could not be satisfy the requirements, and equalized and improved the quality of teachers by clearing the unqualified, reorienting teachers, and transferring from top class schools to lower class schools and reverse. A great deal of fund is required to implement the policy effectively, but Financing of the Department could not meet the necessity. Therefore, on the principle of user charging, the cost of the equalization policy was transferred to a school parent, and school fees continued to increase above the rate of inflation. The equalization policy was seemed to achieve the goal, which was bridging the gaps of schools between the center and outskirts within the major cities such as Seoul. However, while the policy was implementing, majority of the educational fund were invested to schools in major cities. As a result, the gap between urban and rural areas came to be revealed. On the other hand, on starting the policy, the other educational gap was magnified as problem. That is the heterogeneous ability among students within the same class. Therefore high school education was aimed to equalize the quality of students. That was training student to make them standardized industrial manpower.

<일반논문> 1961년 한미경제기술원조협정을 둘러싼 정치·사회적 갈등

정무용 ( Jeong Moo-yong ) 덕성여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2015 인문과학연구 Vol.21 No.-

이 글은 1961년 전개된 한미경제기술원조협정(이하 한미경제협정) 비준 동의를 둘러싼 정치·사회적 논쟁과 갈등을 다룬다. 협정이 공표되자마자 ‘주권침해’ 비판이 제기되었고, 협정 체결에 대한 반대는 ‘자립’과 ‘예속’이라는 틀에서 전개되었다. 그것은 이 원조가 한국의 경제 ‘자립’에 어떤 영향을 미칠 것인가를 둘러싸고 벌어진 논쟁이었다. 이는 ‘경제’와 ‘주권’ 그리고 ‘자립’이라는 키워드를 중심으로 정치·사회계를 막론하고 제기되었다. 따라서 이 글은 우선 한미경제협정 비준 소식이 알려져 비판 여론이 조성되고, 그것으로 인해 사회적 갈등이 나타나는 과정을 다룬다. 그리고 당시 논쟁의 장에서 이 세 키워드를 통해 어떠한 구상들이 표출되었는지를 살펴보고 이 논쟁이 이데올로기적 대립으로 전치되는 것과 그 대립에 통일론이 결합되는 양상을 서술할 것이다. This essay examines controversy over Comprehensive Agreement regarding Economic and Technical Assistance between ROK and US in 1961. As soon as announced the agreement, various political party and social organization criticized for infringement of sovereignty. That was the problem that chose self-reliance or dependence. Thus, at first, this paper deals with process that opposed opinion was aroused and conflict was come into, and then analyzes what kinds of views was expressed through the keyword of ‘economy’, ‘sovereignty’, and ‘self-reliance’. At last it is examined aspect that conjoined with arguments on reunification the controversy was replaced with ideological confrontation.

1960년대 말∼1970년대 초 중학교 능력별 학급편성 논란과 행동과학 교육법의 도입

정무용 ( Jeong Moo Yong ) 역사문제연구소 2015 역사문제연구 Vol.19 No.1

This essay deals with disputes over the new problems and solutions that arose after the launch of the equalization policy in middle school in 1969. Although this policy eliminated differences across schools, the gaps between students in the same class became prominent. These gaps were magnified in the case of heterogeneous student groups. The easy solution was ability grouping. Forced by , this method became prevalent, and a dispute followed. The other solution was to improve teaching methods and deal with student ability gaps in the same class. In this context, mastery learning based on behavioral science was officially introduced in the middle schools.

1980년대 초 야간통행금지 해제 직후의 풍속도

정무용 ( Jeong Moo Yong ) 역사문제연구소 2018 역사문제연구 Vol.22 No.2

This article deals with the cultural landscape and another order of discipline immediately after the release of curfew in 1982. The withdrawal of the curfew opened the era of '24 hour activity'. In this sense, the release of curfew infused new energy, vitality, at night time, which was recognized as an increase in productivity. In addition, curb withdrawal was carried out with a series of autonomous measures such as so called ‘school autonomy’, and the release of curfew was soon accepted as ‘the era of autonomy.’ But this 'autonomy' was always a blessing of responsibility, and when it was lost, it was blamed for indulgence. And the police were preparing to expand their security forces before the release of curfew and constantly reminded them that there is always security behind the self-regulating 'democratic citizens'. On the other hand, under the neon sign that shines brilliantly, the nightmare, the pleasure, and the decadent winds are gradually spreading. The government has issued various regulations to prevent the spread of this decadent trend. However, regulation was applied selectively, unlike the case of the entire society of curfew. First of all, it restricted the movement of young people's night time in the name of protecting and leading youth. And regulatory measures centered on suppliers (sellers) in the entertainment industry have been implemented. Various crackers were cracked down, and regulations and restrictions on sales were made. But the spread and dissemination of decadence could not be stopped. Sometimes they crack down and put out regulations, but they did not show a strong commitment to extermination. The media seem to be criticizing this decadent act, but the writers of those writings were also nervous, seemingly enjoying and even encouraging such a trend.

논문 : 1947년 웨드마이어 사절단의 방한과 한국인의 대응

정무용 ( Moo Yong Jeong ) 서울대학교 국사학과 2011 韓國史論 Vol.57 No.-

This study deals th the interface between the political and the social by examining activities of the Wedemeyer mission and the materials that they collected. Especially this article describes the times during the American occupation by letters from Korean people to General Wedemeyer. Since the National Government was in inferior to the Communist in China and the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Joint Commission on Korea was in deadlock, Unites States reconsidered Northeast Asia policy and dispatched the Wedemyer mission to China and Korea for surveying situation there. The Commission functioned as a coordinator between USAMGIK(United States Anny Military Government in Korea) authorities and high ranking policy makers. Genera] Wedemeyer listened to view of USAMGIK authorities, who thought that because the Joint Commission and the left-right-coalition failed the alternative was establishment of anti-communist government that the right led. They also were aware unstable socioeconomic condition in Korea hut that was secondary to them. Wedemeyer accepted opinion of USAMGIK authorities and sent that to President Tmman? When the news that the Commission would be sent to Korea was conveyed, each Korean political party differently responded visiting of the Commission. The right around Dr. Syngman Rhee was most active and insisted immediate practice of general election. The view of the middle-of-loaders was divided between solving the Korean problem by the Joint Commission and accepting the general election. They, however appealed prevention of terrorism by theright organizations in common·The left who couldn`t act openly by vast arrest of police, insisted resume of the Joint Commission by sending letters to Wedemeyer and claimed prevention of terrorism. Wedemeyer required Korean to send letters for collecting public opinion. Thus many Korean sent letters to Wedemeyer. Generally, Korean difficultyin the letters was divided into two. First, it was hardship of life due to economic disorder. Korean economists thought that cause of the problem wasseverance from the colonial economy system. On the other hand, Korean people believed that the cause was profiteers who disturbed Korean economy. Second, it was social instability due to terrorism of the right. These times, the terrorism was committed in provincial level and was indiscriminately. In province the terrorism was performed to force anti-trust movement and grain collection. People pointed out right youth organizations as leading forces of the terrorism and considered police as accessories and cooperators. People regarded profiteers and terror groups as the anti-nation forces, that is to say, ``the pro-Japanese``. USAMGIK authorities thought the pro-Japanese problem was minor and the right insisted that they had to use them in oitler to confront comrnunism·Whereas people believed the pro-Japanese was cause of socioeconomic instability and required immediate clearance of them. Requires, however, that Koreans suggested Wedemeyer was not accepted to USAMGIK and the Commission. USAMGIK authorities didn`t acknowledge that social instability was caused from fail of occupation policy and thought that it was generated from infiltration of communism. While, Korean criticism of the occupation policy was considerable, USAMGIK authorities believed establishment of anti -communist government as solution and recommended it to Wedemeyer. This thought was sent to President Truman through him. As soon as this vision was realized, persons who opposed the general election or required social reform became to be suppressed.

1960∼70년대 증대하는 유동성과 불안, 그리고 위험 관리로서의 사회개발

정무용 ( Jeong Moo Yong ) 역사문제연구소 2017 역사문제연구 Vol.21 No.1

This article deals with progress of the social development as means of risk management. Due to economic development, social liquidity and instability was increased so that Korean government pushed ahead with the policy of social development. The main of the policy was the development of manpower covering whole population and making of social security system centered on social insurance. The insurance was managed on base of individual income that earned more by the development of manpower. The fund that collected from income of individuals was mobilized to capital for national development. That was linked to increasing income of individuals. This was Korean social security system in 1970s. But the coverage and scale of the insurance was very small so that Korean people prepared for the risks by themselves, and they found a private insurance, especially life insurance. It is anticipates that this paper could describe making of `the social` covering social security and social welfare in Korea.

2부위 중복CT검사에서 선량 감소와 검사 효율성에 대한 고찰

윤상준(Sang Jun Yun),김경수(Kyung Soo Kim),한동인(Dong in Han),정무용(Moo Yong Jeong),이준호(Jun Ho Lee) 대한CT영상기술학회 2013 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.15 No.1

목적 : Dual sourc-MDCT로 검사한 환자의 Dose report에서 Eff.dose와 DLP를 분석하고 2회의 중복검사(Twice)와 1회 검사(Once)의 피폭선량을 비교 분석하여 피폭 선량 감소율을 확인하고 1회 Once검사의 장점을 분석하여 검사의 효율성에 대해 고찰해 본다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에 내원한 2010년10월~2012년12월 까지 2부위를 동시에 검사한 환자 가운데 기준에 적합한 40여명으로 남자 30명, 여자 15 명, 연령 분포는 15세부터 81세까지 평균 50.9세의 임상환자 Data를 연구 분석하였고, 환자를 2회의 Twice검사와 1회의 Once로 검사한 자료를 나누어서 비교분석 하였으며, 여기에 2차적으로 ART-Phantom을 환자와 똑같이 검사 하였으며, 1차적인 임상 환자 검사와 비교하여 선량의 감소율과 효율성을 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) Brain + Facial Non CE 실험의 임상 환자에서는 1회 Once(실험군)이 2회 Twice(대조군)에 비해, 유효선량이 평균 - 8%가 선량 감소율을 확인 하였고, Phantom실험에서 1회 Once(실험군)이 평균 -29.1% 적은 피폭 선량 감소 효과를 보였다. 2) Chest + Abdomen Non & CE 실험의 임상 환자에서는 1회 Once(실험군)이 2회 Twice(대조군)에 비해, 유효선량이 평균 - 5.8%가 선량 감소율을 확인 할 수 있었고, Phantom실험에서는 -21.2%의 피폭 선량 감소의 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 3) Chest + Liver dynamic 실험의 임상 환자에서는 1회 Once(실험군)이 2회 Twice(대조군) 보다, 유효선량이 평균 - 14.08%의 피폭 선량 감소를 가져오는 결과를 확인 할 수 있었고, Phantom실험에서는 -25.2%의 비율로 피폭선량이 감소하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 4) Fat amount + Abdomen Non & CE 실험의 임상 환자에서는 1회 Once(실험군)이 2회 Twice(대조군)에 비해, 평균 - 24.82%의 피폭 선량 감소 효과를 확인 하였고, Phantom실험에서는 -41.6%의 피폭 선량 감소율의 실험값을 얻었다. 결론 : 2회의 Twice검사와 1회의 Once검사에서 검사의 효율성면에서 여러 가지의 장점이 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 1회 Once촬영으로 피폭 선량도 줄이고 검사 시간과 업무 간소화로 효율을 증대시키는 검사법이 환자와 검사자에게 모두 기여할 것이다. 또한, 1회 Once검사에 의한 소량의 조영제 사용으로 환자의 조영제 부 작용을 최소화 하여 환자의 고객 만족 서비스에 기여하여야 할 것이다. Purpose : Dose report of patients scaned in the analysis is Eff.dose and DLP by Dula source- MDCT, Is a comparative analysis of the Dose in Twice scan and Once scan. Dose reduction and analysis of the advantages of scan per Once to see considered on the efficiency of the scan. Materials and Methods : Admitted to our hospital from October 2010 to December 2012, part 2 examined simultaneously among patients Comply with the limits for more than 40 to 30 men, 15 women, age range from 15 to 81 years old Data for an average of 50.9 years of clinical patient studies were analyzed, Is a comparative analysis of the Dose in Twice scan and Once scan. Here in the same patients with ART-Phantom secondary scan was, Primary clinical patient examination compared with dose reduction and efficiency were analyzed. Results : 1. Brain + Facial Non CE study of clinical patients, compared to Twice scan and Once scan, Eff. dose of an average of 8% dose reduction was confirmed,Once in the Phantom experiments showed an average of 29.1% less radiation dose reduction. 2. Chest+Abdomen Non & CE study of clinical patients, compared to Twice scan and Once scan, Eff. dose of an average of 5.8% dose reduction was confirmed,Once in the Phantom experiments showed an average of 21.2% less radiation dose reduction. 3. Chest+Liver dynamic study of clinical patients, compared to Twice scan and Once scan, Eff. dose of an average of 14.8% dose reduction was confirmed,Once in the Phantom experiments showed an average of 25.2% less radiation dose reduction. 4. Fat amount +Abdomen Non & CE study of clinical patients, compared to Twice scan and Once scan, Eff. dose of an average of 24.82% dose reduction was confirmed,Once in the Phantom experiments showed an average of 41.6% less radiation dose reduction. Conclusion : Twice scan and Once scan was able to confirm that there are several advantages in the efficiency of the scan. Dose Once scan the simplification of examination time and increase efficiency, simpled method of scan will contribute both to the patient and user. In addition, Once scan by a small amount of contrast agent used as a contrast agent side effects of the patient to minimize the patient’s service, customer satisfaction will be contributing to.