현초엑기스의 위액분비 및 실험적 위궤양에 미치는 영향

정명현,이명열 한국약제학회 1980 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.10 No.4

Geranii Herba water extract orally administered shows remarkable inhibitory effect on peptic activity in pylorus ligated and antiulcerous effect on Shay ulcer in rats.

玄草엑기스의 實驗的 胃潰瘍에 미치는 影響

丁明鉉,李明烈 朝鮮大學校 1980 藥學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.1

The results of Geranii Herba Ex.′s (G. H. Ex.) effects on the experimental gastric ulcer in rats are as follows : 1) G. H. Ex. has increased an inhibition rate on peptic activity in vitro in proportion to administration amounts. 2) G. H. Ex. had significant decrease on gastric secretion and pepsin activity in ligated rats, that is, in 100㎎/㎏(p. o) it decreased about 50%, comparing with the control group in acidity and pepsin activity. Pepsin activity was disregarded in 1,000㎎/㎏(p. o) of G. H. Ex. But it had no effect on gastic volume. 3) G. H. Ex. has an excellent antiulcer effect, comparing with the control group by 100㎎/㎏(p. o), and it has decreased ulcer index in proportion to administration amounts in Shay ulcer. 6 in 8 cases in Shay ulcer were died before reoperation in control group and the residue 2 cases were almost dying. In 1,000㎎/㎏(p. o) the shape of stomache wall was almost same as the normal rat's and the color of it was the same as the sample color. (G. H. Ex.) It is suggested that the stomach was covered with G. H. Ex. 4) G. H. Ex. has showed 75% curative ratio in 500㎎/㎏(p. o)in HAC induced ulcer, comparing with the control group. But it has no effect on the rats's body weight. Through these above results, it is suggested that G. H. Ex. has a considerable effect on the gastric ulcer.

何首烏 및 白首烏엑스가 흰쥐의 實驗的 高脂血症에 미치는 影響

丁明鉉,文永熙,李炳柱,鄭銀津 조선대학교 약학연구소 1994 藥學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of Polygoni multiflori Radix and Cynanchi wilfordii Radix extract on the activities of S-GOT, S-GPT and level of total lipid, triglyceride. β-lipoprotein, phospholipid and total cholesterol in the serum of experimentally induced hyperlipermic rats, and on the effect of body, liver and spleen weight in rats. The results were shown as fouow; a) Polygoni multiflori Radix The activity of S-GOT was remarkably decreased, and activity of S-GPT was significantly decreased in all sample group, when compared with the control group(high lipid diet). The level of triglyceride and total cholesterol were remarkably decreased in all sample group, when compared with the control group. The level of total lipid and phospholipid were remarkably decreased on the 7 days after admistration of all sample group. The body weight of the rats decreased and the liver weight increased in control group were shown reduced as normal group on the administration of sample extract. b) Cynanchci wilfordii Radix The activities of S-GOT, S-GPT were remakably decreased in sample 100, 300㎎/㎏, when compared with the control group. The level of triglyceride and total cholesterol were remarkably decreased in sample 100, 300㎎/㎏. The level of phospholipid was significantly decreased in sample 100㎎/㎏. In sample treated group the death rate on the rats were 50 percentage in sample 500㎎/㎏. therefore in administration of sample 300, 500㎎/㎏ were very toxics. The body weight of the rats were remarkably decreased in all sample group, when compared with the normal and control group.

加味消遙散 엑기스가 四鹽化炭素로 損傷시킨 白鼠의 肝臟에 미치는 影響

丁明鉉,金孝貞 조선대학교 약학연구소 1986 藥學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.1

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of “Kami-Soyo-San” extract on the activities of GPT GOT Al. P LDH and the level of total bilirubin and total cholesterol in the serum of CCl_4- intoxicated rats. The results were as follows ; 1. The activities of GPT GOT and the level of total bilirubin were more slightly decreased than the serum of CCL_4- intoxicated group(control group) in sample 300㎎/㎏ and also significantly decreased in sample 500㎎/㎏ and 1,000㎎/㎏, respectively. 2. The activities of Al. P and LDH and the level of total cholesterol in sample 300㎎/㎏ and 500㎎/㎏ were showed slightly decreased effect and also significantly decreased effect in sample 1,000㎎/㎏, when compared with the control group, respectively. 3. The level of total bilirubin in sample 300㎎/㎏ were showed slightly decreased effect and also significantly decreased effect in sample 500㎎/㎏ and 1,000㎎/㎏, when compared with the control group, respectively. 4. The body weight of rats were significantly decreased 2th days, but they were gained weight after 4th and 6th days in sample 500㎎/㎏ and 1,000㎎/㎏, respectively.

ANALYSIS OF THE FLOOR PLAN DATASET WITH YOLO V5

정명현,김민중,SEUNGHWAN YANG 한국산업응용수학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.27 No.4

This paper introduces the industrial problem, the solution, and the results of the research conducted with Define Inc. The client company wanted to improve the performance of an object detection model on the floor plan dataset. To solve the problem, we analyzed the operational principles, advantages, and disadvantages of the existing object detection model, identified the characteristics of the floor plan dataset, and proposed to use of YOLO v5 as an appropriate object detection model for training the dataset. We compared the performance of the existing model and the proposed model using mAP@60, and verified the object detection results with real test data, and found that the performance increase of mAP@60 was 0.08 higher with a 25% shorter inference time. We also found that the training time of the proposed YOLO v5 was 71% shorter than the existing model because it has a simpler structure. In this paper, we have shown that the object detection model for the floor plan dataset can achieve better performance while reducing the training time. We expect that it will be useful for solving other industrial problems related to object detection in the future. We also believe that this result can be extended to study object recognition in 3D floor plan dataset.

天麻(Castrodia elata)엑기스가 白鼠의 實驗的 高脂血症에 미치는 影響

丁明鉉,鄭燦器,金庚完 조선대학교 약학연구소 1991 藥學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.1

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of "Gastrodia elata" extract on the activities of S-GOT S-GPT and on the level of total-lipid triglyceride total cholesterol phospholipid and β-lipoprotein in the serum of normal rats and experimentally induced hyperlipemic rats, and on the effect of body, liver and spleen weight in rats. The results were as follows: The activities of S-GOT and S-GPT were remarkably decreased in all sample group, when compared with the control group(high lipid diet). The levels of total-lipid were significantly decreased on the 7 days after administration of all sample and on the 10 days after admin istration of chinese sample. The level of trighyceride and total-cholesterol were remakably decreased in all sample group, when compared with the control group. The levels of phospholipid were significantly decreased in all sample group, when compared with the control group. The levels of β-lipoprotein were slightly decreased in Korean sample group, but not shown decreasing effect in chinese sample group. In the change of weight in control group, the weight of body was slightly decreased, but it was slightly increased in liver weight, when compared to the normal group. The weight of body and liver in control group were not shown reduced on the administration of all sample group.

연차휴가수당의 평균임금 산정방식에 관한 고찰

정명현 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2013 法學論集 Vol.17 No.4

퇴직금 산정 시 연차휴가수당의 평균임금산정기초임금 산입방식에 있어서 행정해석은, 퇴직 전년도의 출근율에 의하여 퇴직년도에 부여된 연차휴가를 퇴직년도에 사용하지 못하여 퇴직시점에 임금으로 환가하여 지급하는 연차휴가환가수당은 퇴직함으로써 비로소 발생하는 것이기 때문에 평균임금산정기초임금에 포함될 수 없다고 한다. 판례는 퇴직년도에 주어진 연차휴가는 원칙적으로 그 전년도의 근로의 대가로 보아 전년도의 일부가 평균임금산정기간에 속하는 경우에 한하여 그 부분에 해당하는 연차휴가수당만이 평균임금 산정기초임금에 산입된다고 하여 서로 다른 입장을 보이고 있다. 이러한 입장차를 없애기 위해 연차휴가수당을 연차휴가근로수당과 연차휴가환가수당의 이중적 성격을 함께 갖는 것으로 정의한다. 그 결과 퇴직년도에 부여된 연차휴가를 그 사용년도에 다 사용하지 못하고 퇴직하는 경우에 있어서 당해년도 전체기간 중 퇴직시점까지 근로한 기간의 비율에 해당하는 만큼의 연차휴가수당은 휴가일근로의 대가로서 지급되는 연차휴가근로수당으로 보며, 당해년도 전체기간 중 퇴직함으로써 근로하지 못하는 기간의 비율에 해당하는 만큼은 미사용 휴가일에 대한 환가로서 지급되는 연차휴가환가수당으로 구분하여 취급함으로써 행정해석과 판례의 모순을 해결하고자 한다. 한편, 미사용 연차휴가를 다음년도로 이월하고 퇴직시점까지 그 이월된 연차휴가를 사용하지 못하여 임금으로 정산하는 경우에 그 이월연차휴가근로수당을 퇴직금산정을 위한 평균임금산정기초임금에 포함시킬 수 있을 것인가에 관하여 살펴보면 그 포함여부는 이월된 시점에 이월연차휴가사용 청구권과 연차휴가근로수당청구권의 선택적 행사의 인정여부에 따라 달라지게 되는데, 양 청구권의 선택적 행사가 가능한 것으로 보고 이에 기초하여 해결하는 것이 타당하다고 본다. In the method of counting the annual paid leave allowance in the average wages, the administrative interpretation and the court’s precedent are discordant. According to the administrative interpretation, the annual paid leave allowance received at the point of the resignation should not be counted in the average wages. According to the court’s precedent, the annual paid leave allowance received at the point of the resignation should be counted in the average wages when a part of the period of the previous year belong to the period for the average wages calculation. Therefore, the theory which eliminates discordance between the administrative interpretation and the court’s precedent is needed. The legal characteristics of the annual paid leave allowance should be defined that it has two sides of legal characteristics that is the annual paid leave work allowance and the annual paid leave value allowance. A part of the total annual paid leave allowance received at the point of the resignation should be defined as the annual paid leave work allowance and the other part of it should be defined as the annual paid leave value allowance. When the annual paid leave carried over to the next year due to the fact that the annual paid leave is not taken in the relevant year, it is reasonable to interpret that an employee has the rights to choose the annual paid leave or to request the annual paid leave allowance at the same time. The same principle as stated above will be applied to the method of counting the carried over annual paid leave allowance in the average wages.

제조(Liocolae vermiculus)엑기스가 마우스 急性中毒 및 흰쥐의 四鹽化炭素 刊臟障碍에 미치는 影響

정명현,강수철,김경완 조선대학교 약학연구소 1990 藥學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.1

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of Liocolae vermiculus (Liocola brevitarsis) extract on the acute toxicity in mice, GOT GPT AI.P LDH activities and level of total cholesterol in serum of CCI_4-intoxicated rats. In acute toxicity test in mice, Liocolae yermiculus extract showed 10% mortality at 2,000㎎/㎏, P.O. and at 1,000㎎/㎏ i.p. The Liocolae vermiculus extract caused a remarkable decrease in serum transaminase as well as Al. p activities in CCl_4-intoxicated rats at 300∼1,000㎎/㎏ dosag ranges. The activities of LDH and the level of total cholesterol were significantly decreased in all sample treated group, when compared with the control group. The body weight decreased, and the liver and spleen weight increased in CCl_4-intoxicated rats were significantly recovered by the administration of the extracts.

Stevia의 變品種과 Extracts 및 Stevioside의 mouse 急性毒性에 關한 硏究

丁明鉉,李汶柱 조선대학교 약학연구소 1979 藥學硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

We have examined the branch growth and leaf type through 20 varieties gained by propagating Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni by means of cross-incompatibility and measured their sweetnity and producing amounts. We have tested the extraction-seperation of stevioside from Stevia and experimented the acute toxicity of cold-water Ex., ho-water Ex. of Stevia and steviodside in mouse by oral, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. The results are as follows; 1. The branch types of the stem were classifed 11 types. 2. The leaf types were 16 long-type leaf, 3round-type leaf and 1 oval-type leaf. 3. In sweetnity test: there were 3 varieties which were 18-20 times sweeter than sugar, 10-16 times in 12 varieties and 6-9 times in 5 varieties. 4. In an average producing amount test of the dry leaf 3 varieties were 30.2-34-3g, 20-27.2g in 11 varieties and below 20g in 6 varieties. 5. Among 20 varieties the good breed was 3 varieties, the average 9 varieties and the inferier 8 varietes. 6. The disposal of cold-water Ex., Ca(OH)2 and AI(OH)3 gel were excellent in the extraction-seperatione method of stevioside. 7. We got the following results in LD_50 measurement in mouse by several kinds of administration. In case of oral administration of cold-water EX., hot-water EX. and stevioside LD_50 is above 5,000㎎/㎏. 8. In case of subcutaneous injection LD_50 100㎎/㎏, in cold-water EX. LD_50 is 2,900㎎/㎏, in hot-water EX. and in stevioside LD_50 is 3,000㎎/㎏. 9. In case of intraperitoneal injection LD_50 2,900㎎/㎏, in cold-water EX. LD_50 is 2,300㎎/㎏, in hot-water EX. and in Stevioside LD_50 is 2,600㎎/㎏. 10. None of mice was died by 5,000㎎/㎏. oral administration and in subcutaneous, intraperitoneal injection they were seldom died by 1.500㎎/㎏. administration.

퇴직금 산정 시 인금인상에 따른 소급임금의 반영여부

정명현 서강대학교 법학연구소 2017 법과기업연구 Vol.7 No.1

In the case of a retroactive wage caused by a wage increase pays up to a certain point in the past between employer and unions due to delayed settlement of wage increase, there is a problem whether an retroactive wages should be reflected to average wage for the retirement allowances calculation. The same problem is occurred in calculating an early retirement allowance. A precedent and an administrative interpretation take a position that an employer is not obliged a retroactive wage to reflect to average wage for retirement allowances calculation as long as there is no special agreement in this case. A precedent and an administrative interpretation’s position may be appropriate if the rate of wage increase and the time of a retroactive payment is decided after retirement of an employee. However, a precedent and an administrative interpretation’s position may be inappropriate if the time of retroactive pay is specified on a collective agreement in the continuous service period of an employee. In this case, a retiree has the right to claim for additional retirement allowance because the retiree already has the right of conditional obligation before his retirement. The above same logic is applied whether an retroactive wages should be reflected to average wage for the early retirement allowances calculation. 임금인상에 따른 소급임금을 반영한 퇴직금 차액의 지급을 청구할 권리가 퇴직자에게 있는지? 마찬가지로 퇴직금 중간정산시에도 임금인상에 따른 소급임금을 반영한 중간정산퇴직금 차액의 지급을 청구할 권리가 있는지에 관해 살펴본다. 판례와 행정해석은 특별한 약정이 없는 한 퇴직금 또는 중간정산퇴직금 산정시 임금인상에 따른 소급임금을 반영할 의무가 없다는 입장을 취하고 있다. 그러나 당해 판례는 근로자의 퇴직 이후에, 노사간 소급임금지급에 대한 합의가 있었던 사건에 대해 판단하고 있는 것이어서, 근로자의 퇴직 전, 즉 근로자의 재직 중에 노사간 소급임금지급에 대한 합의가 있었던 경우에 대해 그러한 판례법리를 그대로 적용할 수 없다고 본다. 근로자의 재직 중 단체협약에서 임금인상시기를 특정하였다면 이는 임금인상률만 불확정적일 뿐 임금인상시점은 이미 재직 중에 확정된 것이고 그 이후 퇴직하는 근로자는 재직 당시의 단체협약의 내용에 따라 장차 결정될 임금인상분을 청구할 조건부채권을 가지고 퇴직하였다고 볼 수 있다. 마찬가지로 중간정산퇴직금의 경우에도 재직근로자는 단체협약의 내용에 따른 소급임금이 적용되고 중간정산퇴직금 산정을 위한 평균임금 산정기간 3개월 내에 소급임금이 포함된다면 중간정산 신청 근로자는 퇴직금인상분 차액을 청구할 권리가 발생한다고 본다. 한편, 이 경우 퇴직금중간정산 신청시점은 순전히 근로자의 선택에 따른 것이기 때문에 퇴직금중간정산 후 임금인상이 있더라도 이미 지급한 중간정산퇴직금에 소급임금의 반영 등 특별한 보호를 할 필요는 없다는 주장도 있을 수 있다. 그러나 중간정산신청은 근로자의 경제적 어려움, 퇴직금액의 감소 등의 사유가 있는 경우에 한해 법으로 허용하고 있기 때문에 퇴직금중간정산이 필요한 근로자는 궁박한 처지에 있다고 할 수 있다. 궁박한 처지에 있는 근로자는 법정퇴직금액보다 중간정산 퇴직금액이 자신에게 불리한 조건이라도 부득이 수용하여야 한다는 점을 고려하면 중간정산퇴직금액이 합리적 이유없이 법정퇴직금액보다 불리하게 산정되지 않도록 특별한 보호를 할 필요성이 있다. 퇴직금 중간정산시 추후 임금인상분에 대한 퇴직금 차액 추가지급의 문제를 해소하기 위해 사용자와 근로자가 중간정산시 임금인상에 따른 소급임금을 적용제외하기로 약정하는 경우, 이러한 약정이 유효한지 의문이 생길 수 있는데, 이렇게 산정한 중간정산퇴직금액이 법정퇴직금액에 미달한다면 이는 법정퇴직금청구권의 일부 포기약정에 해당하여 강행법규위반으로 그 효력이 문제될 수 있다고 본다.